系外惑星大気
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4 radial velocity HDS 5m/s HD HD I 2 cell Subaru/HDS 4
5 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) 4.2 5
6 2 1.5% HST 4 orbits Brown et al. (2001) 6
7 7
8 8
9 / astro-ph 9
10 Radial velocity data Radial velocity data Radial velocity 10
11 Josh Obs (1.2m) November 24, 2003 transit HD H 11
12 newscenter/archive/ 2001/38/ g/cc
13 HD Radial velocity + transit HD G0V V 7.58 ( =47pc) 6000 HD209458b g/cc (< )
14 (15%) Additional absorption in Lyman emission line Geocorona, not planetary Vidal-Madjar et al. Nature 422(2003)
15 HD209458b ( ) ( ) Josh Winn (Harvard Univ.) Edwin Turner, Brenda Frye (Princeton Univ.) 15
16 HD209458b radial velocity Subaru/HDS previous velocity curve (Wittenmyer et al. 2003) Winn et al. PASJ 56 (2004)
17 HDS H Winn et al. PASJ Transit radial velocity (Rossiter-McLaughlin ) McLaughlin (Ohta, Taruya & Suto 2004) St. Andrews 17
18 Transmission Spectroscopy 18
19 HD
20 20
21 21
22 H H HD Na I (D2) Na I (D1) H H H H (Winn et al. 2004) H Transit 22 Transit
23 H 0.1 (Winn et al. 2004) 23
24 HD H H <0.1% (Winn et al. 2004) L 15% (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003) T ex < ( )eV (( 24
25 Rossiter-McLaughlin Blue shift Red shift 1. Doppler
26 Rossiter transit HD
27 Spectroscopic transit signature (Rossiter-McLaughlin ) out of transit in transit HD radial velocity data Queloz et al. (2000) A&A 359, L13 ELODIE on 193cm telescope 27
28 HD Rossiter HD (Rossiter 1924; Hosokawa 1953; Kopal 1990) (1953 Ohta et al. (2004) 28
29 radial velocity Subaru/HDS error-bar Subaru/HDS error-bar ε=0.64 ε=0 Limb darkening: B= 1- ε (1-cos θ) (Semi)-analytic template curves (Ohta, Taruya & Suto 2004) 29
30 50km/s 0.01% HDS
31 Biomarker (e.g., extrasolar plant) Habitable planet Extraterrestrial life 31
32 Biomarker red edge 32
33 Red edge of (extrasolar)) plants as a biomarker in extrasolar planets extrasolar planet biomarker (extrasolar plant as a biomarker in extrasolar planets) Seager, Ford & Turner astro-ph/
34 Vesto Melvin Slipher ( ) Red-edge as a biomarker (at least) in 1924! Discovered redshifts of spiral nebulae now known as galaxies Essential contribution for Hubble s discovery of expanding universe Observations of Mars in 1924 made at the Lowell Observatory: II spectrum observations of Mars PASP 36(1924)261 Astrobiology indeed in 1924! 34
35 Ford, Seager & Turner: Nature 412 (2001) 885 Assume that the earth s reflected light is completely separated from the Sun s flux! TPF (Terrestrial Planet Finder) in (10 20) years from now? Periodic change of 10% level due to different reflectivity of land, ocean, forest, and so on Cloud is the most uncertain factor: weather forecast! 35
36 red edge 2 Sunlight 36
37 a previous attempt of earthshine spectroscopy: red-edge in a pale blue dot? refectivity wavelength [ ] Woolf & Smith ApJ 574 (2002) 430 The spectrum of earthshine: A Pale Blue Dot Observed from the Ground 37
38 Kepler (NASA: launch 2008?) differential photometry 38
39 infra-red space interferometry: imaging and spectroscopy 39
40 Prospects in the 21 st century: from astronomy to astrobiology Gas planets: from discovery phase to characterization phase Understand origin, formation and evolution Discovery of terrestrial planets Discovery of habitable planets Liquid water Ultra-precise spectroscopy Separate the planetary emission/reflection/absorption spectra from those of stars How to convince ourselves of the presence of extra-terrestrial life simply from remote observations? Biomarker!!! 40
系外惑星大気
transiting planet http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/2001/38/ 2004 6 17 HDS 2 3 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) 4.2 4 (Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al. 2000) HST HST Brown et al. (2001) 5 6 Radial velocity
太陽系外惑星探査
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/2001/38/ Terra MODIS http://modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://www.nasa.gov/home/index.html / 2 Are we alone? Origins Where are they? (Fermi 1950) 3 4 0.5 arcsec 10pc
Revolution of our world-view We didn t know anything Invincible Photo taken by Y.Suto (Nov.4, 2004) post-nishinomiya-yukawa symposium, Kyoto Universit
Beyond a pale blue dot Yasushi Suto Department of Physics and Research Center for the Early Universe, the University of Tokyo November 12, 2015: The 2015 Kyoto Prize Workshop in Basic Sciences Formation
理論懇2014
Proposal for a project of high-precision stellar radial velocity work, Struve (1952)! But there seems to be no compelling reason why the hypothetical stellar planets should not, in some instances, be much
宇宙理論研究室ガイダンス
60 S.L.Glashow Glashow : Interaction Warner Books 4 4 1978 12 CMB 10-40 -40 CMB / The universe in a nutshell A H He C, O Ne, Mg Si Fe Sphere(0.1 cylinder (0. slab (0. Cylinder hole (0. Spherical hole
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THE STAR FORMATION NEWSLETTER No.291-14 March 2017 2017/04/28 16-20 16. X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus. Atmospheric parameters, membership and activity diagnostics 17. The evolution
4 太陽系外惑星の世界 (Credit: Zina Deretsky, アメリカ国立科学財団 )
4 太陽系外惑星の世界 (Credit: Zina Deretsky, アメリカ国立科学財団 ) もうひとつの宇宙の果て : 銀河系のど こかに生命を宿した惑星はあるのか? 宇宙の果てと太陽系外惑星 大望遠鏡は 暗い 天体を観測できる 本当は明るいのだが遠くにあり暗く見える天体 宇宙の果てにある銀河 すぐ近くにあるのだが本当に暗い天体 銀河内にある系外惑星 太陽系外惑星とは? 水金地火木土 ( 天海冥
ISLE 2010/08/17
ISLE 2010/08/17 Talk plan 1. ISLE 2. 3. 4. 2011A 2010/8/17 OAOUM 2010 ISLE 2010/8/17 OAOUM 2010 ISLE OASIS HAWAII (HgCdTe 1024 1024) 4.2 4.2 arcmin 2, 0.25 arcsec/pix (13 Filters) 2006B FWHM = 0.75 arcsec
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NGC1068 Dark Matter Halo baryon gas stars SMBH SMBH 1 SMBHs? (AGN) AGN Seyfertization Taniguchi 1987, ApJ, 317, L57 AGN The dead quasar problem (Rees 1990, Science, 247, 817) T AGN ~ 10 8 yrs AGN AGN
atomic line spectrum emission line absorption line atom proton neutron nuclei electron Z atomic number A mass number neutral atom ion energy
1 22 22.1 atomic line spectrum emission line absorption line atom proton neutronnuclei electron Z atomic number A mass number neutral atom ion energy level ground stateexcited state ionized state 22.2
BH BH BH BH Typeset by FoilTEX 2
GR BH BH 2015.10.10 BH at 2015.09.07 NICT 2015.05.26 Typeset by FoilTEX 1 BH BH BH BH Typeset by FoilTEX 2 1. BH 1.1 1 Typeset by FoilTEX 3 1.2 2 A B A B t = 0 A: m a [kg] B: m b [kg] t = t f star free
太陽系外惑星とバイオマーカー 物理学教室金曜ランチトーク 2010 年 6 月 11 日 須藤靖
太陽系外惑星とバイオマーカー 物理学教室金曜ランチトーク 2010 年 6 月 11 日 須藤靖 http://www-utap.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~suto/mypresentation_2010j.html アイザック アシモフ著 夜来る 恐ろしい暗闇が訪れた 我々は宇宙の中心 我々は何も知らなかった イラスト : 羽馬有紗 2000 年に一度しか夜が来ない 地球 の人たち
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1 1 (gravitation) 1.1 m F a ma = F (1.1) F a m F 1.1 m F a (1.1) m a F m F a m a F F a m 0 0 1.2 (universal gravitation) (potential) M m gravitational force F r F = ; GMm r 2 (1.2) G = 6:67 10 ;8 dyn cm
トランジット惑星系の主星自転 惑星軌道公転角 トランジット惑星系の自転公転射影角の分布 極軌道 Configuration of star-planet system 逆行 順行 理学講義棟 Z 年 1 月 29
トランジット惑星系の主星自転 惑星軌道公転角 トランジット惑星系の自転公転射影角の分布 極軌道 Configuration of star-planet system 逆行 順行 東京大学大学院理学系研究科物理学専攻須藤靖神戸大学地球惑星談話会 @ 理学講義棟 Z101 2015 年 1 月 29 日 16:00-17:00 太陽系外惑星発見の歴史年表 1995 年に我々は何も知ら なかった事を思い知る
2, 3 CIBER* 2 4 7 8 8 NASA 9 10 JAXA EXZIT 1 11 1 X 12 13 1.2 JAXA * 3 * 2 CIBER http://www.ir.isas.jaxa.jp/ matsuura/darkage/index_da.html * 3 346 20
980 8578 6 3 e-mail: tsumura@astr.tohoku.ac.jp 1. 4 1 5 10 6 * 1 1.1 38 * 1 http://subarutelescope.org/pressrelease/2014/06/18/j_index.html 345 2, 3 CIBER* 2 4 7 8 8 NASA 9 10 JAXA EXZIT 1 11 1 X 12 13
Author Workshop 20111124 Henry Cavendish 1731-1810 Biot-Savart 26 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Priority Proceeding Impact factor Full paper impact factor Peter Drucker 1890-1971 1903-1989 Title) Abstract
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Dusty Clumpy Torus (AGN) (BH) BH 3 BH 1 AGN () 1/3 (i) (ii) Kawaguchi(2003) 1/5 (iii) AGN : T. Kawaguchi & M. Mori, ApJL, 2010, 724, 183 187 T. Kawaguchi & M. Mori, ApJ, 2011, 737, 105 120 Toshihiro KAWAGUCHI
Formation of hot jupiters by slingshot model Naoya Okazawa Department of Earth Sciences, Undergraduate school of Science, Hokkaido University
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太陽系外惑星の光と影 : 今日までそして明日から 東京大学大学院理学系研究科須藤靖 2007 年 11 月 24 日 @ 東京国際交流館 青空しか知らないと我々だけが 唯一の存在のように思ってしまう ( すばる観測所 田中壱氏撮影 ) 夜来たる 6 つの太陽をもつ惑星ラガッシュに二千年に一度の夜が訪れる 我々は何も知らなかった 満天の星空を見上げれば 我々以外の世界がないほうが不自然 ( すばる観測所
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