石油75-6 ブック

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1 Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology Vol. 75, No. 6 Nov., 2010 pp Lecture Intelligent Well Completion * ** ** Received August 31 15, 2010 accepted November 2, 2010) Technical trend of Intelligent Well Completion Norihito Inada and Makoto Ichikawa Abstract JOGMEC surveyed technical trend of intelligent well completion on The general idea of tools for intelligent well technology and resent technical trend are described in this article. Intelligent well technology, which is known as smart well technology too, is to maximize the subject field value with optimization of the production operation based on the real-time down-hole monitoring and flow control. Typical intelligent well technology systems are represented to surface system and down-hole system. Surface systems are consisted by data transfer & management system, and operation optimization system. On the other hand, Down-hole systems are consisted by isolation tool, flow control tool, and monitoring tool those are focused on this article. For the recent technical trend, following topics are described typical application of intelligent well technology, reliability of component tools, and newly development tools. Keywords Intelligent well, Smart well, Down-hole tool, Monitoring, Flow control, Production Optimization 1. IOR Improved Oil Recovery /EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery 2 DOF Digital Oil Field JOGMEC DOF Intelligent Well 2009 Intelligent Well * This Paper was presented at the 2010 JAPT Development and Production Technology Symposium entitled Well surveillance and data interpretation for reservoir management held in Fukuoka, Japan, June 10, ** Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation 2. Intelligent Well Chevron Intelligent Well 3. Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Copyright 2010 JAPT

2 / Intelligent Well 4. Intelligent Well / 1 DTS Distributed Temperature Sensing DTS Wet-mate Connection Wet-mate Connection Wet-mate Connector Wet-mate Connector 4.2 SSSV Sub Surface Safety Valve Intelligent Well ICD In-flow Control Device ICV In-flow Control Valve SSSV On-Off Interval Control Valve 2 ICD 3 ICV ICV ICV Control Line 4 ICV 1 2 ICD JOGMEC J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Technol. Vol. 75, No

3 406 Intelligent Well Completion 5 Feed-Through N 1 N ICV N 1 3 ICV Feed-Through 5 Feed-Through Feed- Through Swell Feed-Through 3 ICV 4 ICV ICV N ICV / SIT System Integrity Test Intelligent Well 5. Intelligent Well Intelligent Well 5.1 /

4 407 稲田 徳弘 市川 真 図 6 Heel Toe 効果の模式図 出典 WellDynamics 5.2 Heel Toe 効果 水平坑井の場合 そのヒール部とトウ部では貯留層と坑 井内の圧力差が異なるため 流入する流量分布が不均一と なってしまうことがある また 水押し型の排油機構を持 つフィールドの場合では 差圧の大きいヒール部でウォー ターコーニングが発生しやすく ウォーターカット 液体 中の水の割合 が高くなり生産性の上で好ましくない そ こで コミングル仕上げ同様 適当な長さでパッカーによっ て区間を仕切り それぞれの区間からの生産量をフローコ ントロール機器で制御することで 坑井内に流入する流量 分布をできるだけ均一に保ちウォーターコーニングの回避 や削減 更に随伴水生産量の最適化により生産量を最大化 することができる 図 6 に模式図を示す 5.3 Auto Gas-lift 通常 Gas-lift ガスをチュービング等の油回収流路に圧 入し 流体の見掛け比重を下げ 油回収流路内の圧力損失 を小さくすることで 油を回収しやすくする 仕上げにお いては 地上からガスを圧入するための Gas-lift ライン設 置や 圧入するためのガスの供給が必要である 油層の上 位にガス層がある場合 油層とガス層をパッカーで仕切り ガス層からの流量をフローコントロール機器で制御するこ とで Gas-lift と同じ効果を得る 図 7 に模式図を示す 5.4 Connection Well 同じフィールド内に貯留層と水層が交互に存在する場 合 下位の貯留層を生産する生産井と上位の水層を 1 本の 図 7 Auto Gas-lift の模式図 出典 WellDynamics Intelligent Well 仕上げの生産井として仕上げ 下位の貯留 層からの水の生産が多くなり油 ガスの生産が終了した時 らの生産量を調整してコミングルで生産することで 生産 点で 上位の水層への圧入井へと切り替えることで 2 つ 井からの生産物の性状をコントロールするもの など さ の役割を 1 つの坑井に担わせることができる まざまな応用が可能となる これらの例の他 Distributed Injection 複数の圧入井 圧入区間を最適化して掃攻効率を上げる Dump Flood サ イドトラック井を用いて 1 坑井で水層から油 ガス層へ 6. Intelligent Well 仕上げ機器の信頼性 6.1 これまでの適用実績の経緯と現在の動向 の圧入と油 ガス層からの生産を行うもの Composition 最初に Intelligent Well 技術が適用されたのは 1997 年と Blending 生産物の性状の異なる複数の生産層を 各層か いわれており 10 年以上が経過した 2008 年の統計では J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Technol. Vol. 75, No

5 408 Intelligent Well Completion Q2 Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Intelligent Well ICV 115 ICV ICV Feed-Through 3 7. Intelligent Well 7.1 Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Purchase Order Intelligent Well SIT 1 9 Intelligent Well Intelligent Well

6 Intelligent Well SIT Intelligent Well 1 Intelligent Well ISO SIT SIT 7.2 Intelligent Well Schlumberger Halliburton Baker Hughes Intelligent Well Intelligent Well Shell Halliburton WellDynamics Intelligent Well 40 50% Schlumberger Baker Hughes 15 30% WoodGroup 20% Roxar 15% Schlumberger 12% JIP Joint Industry Project Intelligent Well JIP Intelligent Well JIP ICON Intelligent Completions on the Net WellMaster SEAFOM Subsea Fiber Optic Monitoring Group IWIS Intelligent Well Interface Standardization IWFsT Intelligent Well and Fields systems Technology ICON 300 Intelligent Well J. Japanese Assoc. Petrol. Technol. Vol. 75, No

7 410 Intelligent Well Completion WellMaster Intelligent Well 100 WellMaster FieldSim SEAFOM DTS IWIS JIP ISO DPS Distributed Pressure Sensing 1 DTS Expro ICV ICV AICD Adaptive/Autonomous ICD ICD ICD Close / 8. Intelligent Well Shell Intelligent Well Intelligent Well 1 WellDynamics

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