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1 ab ab Ainsworth1976Rothbard & Shaver1994Winnicott196Parens & Saul1971 Parens & Saul1971 secure Ainsworthet al1978hazan & Shaver1987SimpsonRholes& Nelligan 199Mikulnicer & Fiorian199 1

2 1 Bellahet al198 Bandura & Walters199 perceived social support SarasonPierce& Sarason Dunkel-Schetter & Bennett1990help seekingautonomous dependent Nadler1998 AmirkhanRisinger& Swickert199Nadler1998 social skill 198 Markus & Kitayama Hirschfeldet al1977birtchnell1988bornstein199199pincus & Gurtman199 BornsteinRiggsHill& Calabrese

3 self-regulation Thorensen & Mahoney self efficacy a b c d e f

4 1 Interpersonal Depending Experience QuestionnairIDEQ IDEQ K T Maccoby & Masters1970Tardy Table Table 6 4

5 16 K IDEQ 60 1 IDEQ IDEQ % % Promax Table.40 % Table 4 4 Table Table 1 a. f. Table Table 1 c.d. Table Table 1 d.e. Table Table 1 a.b.f. Table Table 1 c.d.e. Table Table 1 b.d.e.f. Table Table 1 b.c.f. Table Table 1 c.d.

6 %

7 %

8 1 H1.8 H.81 H.7 H4.7 Y1.8 Y.8 Y.78 Y4.7 Table 4 Table Spearman Table 6 H1HHH4 H1 H H H Y1 Y Y Y *p<.0***p<.001 t 4.***.0* n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Y1 Y Y Y4 H1.**.0**.16**.4** **p<.01 H.8**.**.19**.49** Y1YYY4 H H1 Table -1 SpearmanH Y4 H Y1 Y. Table -.Y14 H H Y4H Y4 H.6**.**.**.1** H4.**.8**.0**.6** 1 8

9 % A B C

10 1 Total A B C H1 H H H4 Total Y1 Y Y Y4 Total.6**.1**.1**.8**.4**.1*.1*.17*.0**.1**.4**.07.14*.**.1** *p<.0**p<.01.16*.18*.19**.7**.17*.**.** ** **.0**.9**.9**.14*.14*.14*.1.18* Promax Table 6 Table 6 A B C IDEQ SpearmanTable 7 B H4 H4 IDEQ 1 IDEQ 40 Lazarus & Folkman Goldstein SprafkinGershaw & Klein

11 SSSSocial Skills Scale O 1419IDEQSSS IDEQ IDEQ 00 6 IDEQ SSSSpearman Table 8 Y1 Y SSS See H4.4 H1 Y Y4 IDEQ H1.0 H H.04.0 H4.01 Y1.7** Y Y.18.6** Y4.17 Pla Con See Acc Sel Esc Dis Pos ** **.**.1.9**.01.0*.*.10.1**.4* ** **.**.06.*.06.19*.1.08.** **.18.7**.7**.0* **.0* *.**.14.8**.8**.0**.19*.**.6** Co Em **.1*.1**.17.0**.4*.1*.06.1*.4**.9**.1*.40**.6** *p<.0**p<.01 11

12 1 H1M HM HM H4M Y1M YM YM Y4M t1tt M H1M Y1M M t1 + M t + M t IDEQ Table 9 M H1M-H4MY1M-Y4MTable 9 H1-H4Y1-Y4 8 H1 HY1 Y4 Table 8 1 IDEQ IDEQ 198 Rosenberg SESSelf Esteem Scale 1

13 199 ShererMadduxMercandantePrentice-DunnJacobs& Rogers 198 SEFSelf-Efficacy Scale IFSInterpersonal Feeling Scale O 1419IDEQ SESSEFIFS IDEQ 1 Fig. 1 Table 7 10 SES SEF IFS A 14 B 7 C 14 D 11 E 1 F G 10 1

14 A 4 7 B 4 C D 9 6 E F G F 0 7 IDEQ 7 A B C D E 14

15 SES L M H A.7% 4.9% 6 1.4% B 71.4% 14.% 1 14.% 1 C.7% 8.6% 4.7% D 6.4% 4 4.% 18.% E 69.% 9.1% 7.7% 1 F 1.7% 4.8% 8 4.% 10 G 0% 0.0% 0.0% SESL 04M 0H 1 SEF L M H A 46.% 6 0.8% 4.1% B 4.9% 8.6% 8.6% C 8.6% 4.7%.7% D 6.4% 4 18.% 4.% E 7.1% 8 8.6% F.7% 40.9% 9 6.4% 8 G 0% 40.0% % 6 SEFL 09M 6070H 71 IFS L M H A 0.0% 7 8.6% 4 1.4% B 7.1% 4 14.% 1 8.6% C 4.9% 6 4.9% 6 14.% D 6.4% 4 4.% 6 9.1% 1 E 4.9% 6 8.6% 4 8.6% 4 F 1.7% 1.7% 6.% 1 G 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 6 IFSL 014M 119H 0 F G F G SESSEFIFS IDEQ Table B E A B E F G A B F G 7 SESSEFIFS Table 1SES 1

16 1 A B C D E F G SES F=.01* B,E<C,D,A,F,GTukey =0.0 SEF F=1.7 E,B,A,C,F,D,G IFS F=1.8 B,D,C,E,A,F,G *p<.0 7 F=.01p<.01B E Levene Tukey IDEQ IDEQ 1968ab IDEQ H4 IDEQ SSS 16

17 IDEQ 14 7 F G E B F 17

18 1 11 Table 1 AinsworthM.S Attachment and dependency: AComparison. In J.L.Gewirtzeds.Attachment and Dependency. WashingtonD.C.: Winston. AmirkhanJ.H.RisingerR.T.& SwickertR.T.J. 199 Extroversion: A hidden personal factor in coping?. Journal of Personality BanduraA.H& WaltersR.H. 199 Adolescent Aggression. New York: The Ronald PressCo. BellahR.N.MadsenR.SullivanW.M.SwidlerA.& TiptonS.M. 198 HABITS OF THE HEART. Indivisual and Commitment in American Life Berkeley: University of California Press BirchnellJ Defining dependence. British Journal of Medical Psychology BornsteinR.F. 199 THe Dependent Personality: DevelopmentalSocialand Clinical Perspectives. Psychological Bulletin111-. BornsteinR.F.RiggsJ.M.HillE.L.& CalabreseC.1996 ActivityPassivitySelf-denigrationand Self-Promotion: Toward an Interactionist Model of Interdependency. Journal of Personality Dunkel-SchetterC.& BennetT.L Differentiating the Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Social Support. In B.R.Sarason I.G.Sarason& G.R.PierceEds. Social Support: :An Interactional View. New York: JOHN WILEY & SONS.Pp HazanC.& ShaverP Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology11-4. HirschfeldR.M.A.KlermanG.L.GoughH.G.BarrettJ.KochinS.J.& ChodoffP A measure of interpersonal dependency. Journal of Personalty Assessment self-reguration LazarusR.S.& FolkmanS. 1984STRESSAPPRAISALand COPING. New York: Springer Publishing CompanyInc MacobbyE.B.& MastersJ.C Attachment and dependency. In J.MussenEd.Carmichael's Manual of Development Psychologyd ed. New York: Wiley. MarkusH.& KitayamaS Culture and the self: Implication for cognitionemotionand motivation. Psychological Review

19 MikulnicerM.& FlorianV. 199 Appraisal and coping in a real life stressful situation: The contribution of attachment style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin NadlerA RelationshipEsteemand Achievement Perspectives on Autonomous and Dependent Help Seeking. In S.A.Karabenickedi. STRATEGIC HELP SEEKING: Implications for Learning and Teaching. LondonLawrence Erlbaum AssociateInc. Pub ParensH.& SaulL.J Dependence in Man: A Psychoanalytic Study.New York: International: University Press. PincusA.L.& GurtmanM.B.199The Three Faces of Interpersonal Dependency: Structural Analyses of Self-Report Dependency Measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology RosenbergM196Society and the adolescent self-image. Prinston University Press. RothbardJ.C.& ShaverP.R Continuity of Attachment across the LifeSpanIn SperlingM.B.& BermanW.H.eds.Attachment in AdultsPp.1-71.New York: The Guilford Press. SarasonB.R.PierceG.R.& SarasonI.G Social Support: The Sence of Accepttance and the Role of Relationships. In B.R.SarasonI.R. Sarason.& G.Y.Pierceeds.Social Support: An Interactional View. New York: JOHN WILEY & SONS. Pp ShererM.MadduxJ.E.MercandanteB.Prentice-DunnS.JacobsB.& RogersR.W. 198 The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports SimpsonJ.A.RhoolesW.S.& NelliganJ.S. 199 Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Pp a b TardyC.H. 198 Social Support Measurement. American Journal of Community Psychology ThorensenC.& MahoneyM.J Behavioral self-control. New York: Holt Reinhart & Winston :? WinnicottD.W. 196 From Dependence to Independence in the Development of the Indivisual. In Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New York: International University Press

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