民主化とは

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2 (2) (3) ( ) (3) ( ) (5) (7) (9) (10) (14) 1958 (14) ( ) (16) (18) (21) (21) (23) 1971 (23) ( ) (26) (30) (32) (34) (34) (35) (37) 1985 (38) ( ) (44) (46) 6 29 (48) (53) (55) 1

3 (,1994,9 )

4 ( ) (,1994,52 67 ) 1970 (,1991,6 ) (,1989,433 ) (,1989,430 ) (,1981,1 6 ) 8 8 (,2004,31 ) 20 (,1991,7 ) 3

5 (,1986,7 13 ) (,2002,14 ) (,1997,44 ) ( ) (,1986,34 ) (,2002,6 )

6 ( ) (,1995,141 ) (,2004,5 ) (,2002,24 ) 1960 (,2000,113 ) 5

7 (,2000,96 ) (,1999,21 ) (,1986,28 ) (,2002,46 ) 6

8 (,1992,328 ) (,1999,22 ) (,1994, ) (,1995,183 ) (,2002)(,2000) 2000 (,1993,184 ) (,1991,59 70 ) ( 1990,21 ) 7

9 2 18 ( ) (,1991,72 84 ) (,2002,57 ) 8

10 (,1986,58 67 ) < 1 1> (2002) 9

11 (,1999,126 ) (,1994,236 ) (,1999,226 ) ( ) (,2002,61 ) < 1 1>

12 < 1 1> ( ) GNP( ) (%) GNP,1999,50 ( 1985,2001,281 ),1994, ( 1975,80,85 ) 10 (,2004,248 ) (,1999,124 ) (1990) (2001) ,1998,175,1998,

13 1 ( ) 2 ( ) (,1992, ) (,1999,226 )

14 (,1999,124 ) 13

15 % 1955 (1) (,2001)

16 (2) % < 2 1> 59 (,2004,86 89 ) 4 (,1998,333 ) (,1995,39 )

17 (1960 )3 15 ( ) (,2004,95 96 ) (,2004,77 ) (,1999,55 ) < 2 1> 4,1999,334 ( ) 126 (54.1) (33.9) (11.6) ( 0.4) 0.53 ( )

18 (,1998,53 ) ( 1998,64 ) 1950 (,1999,) 1950 (,1989,23 ) 17

19 (3) (,2004,81 ) 11 18

20 ( ) (,1998,64 ) 19

21 1950 (,1998,66 ) (,2002,45 ) (,1998,67 ) 4 19 ( 20

22 ,2002,52 ) (,48 ) 5 (,2004,97 )

23 4 19 (,1999,23 ) (,1998,48 ) (,2004,99 ) (,2004,99 ) (,2004,7 ) (1) (2) (3) 22

24 1971 (,1999,332 ) (,2004,269 ) (,2002,110 ) (,1999,331 ) 10 (1) (,1999,62 ) 23

25 ( ) < 3 1> (,2004,270 ) 1960 (, ) (,2004,272 ) (,2002,111 ) 8 (,2004,219 ) (,2004,220 ) < 3 1> 7,1999, (,1999,330 ) 24

26 73.22 < 3 2> 3 2 (,1993,431 ) < 3 2> 8,1998,329 ( ) 113 (55.4) (43.6) ( 0.5) ( 0.5) ( ) (,1995,79 ) (,2004,113 ) (,1999-c,52 ) 25

27 (,2004,227 ) (,1998,23 ) (,1996,719 ) ( ) (,2004,142 ) (,2002,104 ) (,2004,146 )

28 (,1992,82 ) (,1998,66 ) 3 (,2004,147 ) (,1992,102 ) ( ) ( ) ( -a,1998,6 ) 10 1 (,1994,9 ) (,2004,150 )

29 (,2004,154 ) (,2002,107 ) ( -a,1994,79 ) ( -a,1998,7 ) (,2001,145 ) (,2004,157 ) (,2002,110 ) (,2002, ) (,1998,67 ) 28

30 (,1999,160 ) 1967 (,1995,35 ) 7 (,2002,111 ) 8 (,1998,70 ) 9.6 N (,1998,88 ) 1971 (,1998,74 ) 29

31 (,2004,123 ) (,1998,91 ) 1963 (,2004,175 ) (,1998,60 ) (,2004,182 ) 30

32 (,2002, ) (,1998,91 ) (2) (,2004,186 ) (,2004,188 ) (,2004, )

33 1971 (,1999,163 ) 1972 (,2002,10 ) (,2004,164 ) (,2004, )

34 1967 (,2004,203 ) (,2004,203 ) 38 (,1998,94 ) (,2004,269 ) (1) (2) ( ) ( ) (,2002,39 ) 33

35 ( ) ( )(2) (,2003,111 ) (,2004,344 ) (,1999,84 ) (3)

36 (,2004,345 ) (,1999,85 ) (,1999-b,141 ) (,2004,347 ) 35

37 ( -b,1999,145 ) ( -b,1999,146 )

38 ( -b,1996,2 ) 7 (,2004,351 ) 1980 (,2004,352 ) 3 (,1999,194 )

39 1984 (,2004,358 ) (,1998,116 ) (,1995,194 ) 84 5 ( ) (,2004,358 ) (,1987,147 ) (4) 1 ( ) (,1999,26 ) (,1995,196 ) 38

40 (,1987,150 ) (,1987,152 ) 1 2 < 4 1> < 4 1> 12,1999,325 ( ) ( ) 148 (53.6) ( ) 67 (24.3) ( ) 35 (12.7) ( ) 20 (7.2) (2.2) ( 1999,201 ) 39

41 (,1985,80) ( ) (,2004,361 ) ( ) ( ) (,1998,104 ) ( ) 40

42 1988 (,2002,35 38 ) (,2004,361 ) (,1998,104 ) (,2004,363 ) ( ) ( ) 41

43 ( ) (,1995,203 ) (,1995,203 )

44 ( ) (,1999,108 ) (,2002,40 )

45 ( ) (,1999,180 ) 1978 (,1997,21 ) (,2004,350 ) 1981 (,2004,356 ) (,2001,173 ) 44

46 (,1994-b,84 ) 1988 (,2004,360 ) (,2004,360 ) (,1987,160 ) 1982 (,2001,174 ) 1986 ( ) 12.6 (,1992,86 )

47 (,2004,372 ) (5) (,1995,78 ) 1970 (,2003,123 ) 1980 ( -a,1999,151 ) 20 (,1995,190 ) (,2002,169 ) ( -a,1999,152 )

48 1980 (,2004,350 ) (,2002,174 ) (,2003,122 ) (,1998,97 ) 1985 (,1999-b,152 ) (,1995,198 ) (,2004,353 ) (,2003,124 ) 47

49 (,2004,365 ) 1987 (,2002,207 ) 6 29 (,2002,63 ) 90 (,1995,207 ) (,1998,120 )

50 (,1995,206 ) (,1988,121 ) (,1999,200 ) (,1995,32 ) (,2001,65 ) 1987 (,1995,210 ) (,1995,210 ) 49

51 (,1998,122 ) (,2002,205 ) (,2002,206 ) (,1999,168 )

52 (2002,,210 ) (,2004,368 )

53 (1)YH (2) (3) (4) 1984 (5)

54 6 29 (,2004,373 ) (,1998,135 ) (,1998,136 ) (5 ) 1987 ( ) (,2000,263 ) (,2002,214 ) (,2000,264 ) ( ) 53

55 (,2002,45 ) (,1998,140 ) (,2002,265 ) ( ) (,2002,213 ) (,2002,92 ) 54

56 ( ) 71 1,1998, ,1992, ,1992, ( ) 17,2002,1 56.,2004. ( ) ( ) 55 4,1991, ( ) 59 6,1996, ,1995, ( ) 331,1994, ( ) 70 2, ,1999.,1994., , ,2000. Wiarda,Howard J. Introduction to Comparative Plitics :Concepts and Processes Harcourt Inc,1993( J /,2000 ). 57 1,1989, 1 52.,,2003. ( ) 22,1999,

57 ( ) 130 1,1991, ( ) 130 4,1991, ,,1997. ( ) 8 1,1995, ( ) 60 1,1987, ,1993 O Donnell,Guillermo. and Schmitter,Philippe C. Transition from Authoritarian Rule :Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies The Johns Hopkins University Press,1986(, /,,1986 ) ,1993, /, 48 3,1996, ,1997., ,1985,74 85.,, , ,1996, ,1999,2003., ,1988, ,2001,59 78.,

58 1999 2,1999, / 1 1,2001, ( ) 124, 1989, ,2001, / ,2004, / ( ) ,2001, /, ,2001, ,2004 New Liberal Arts Selection,2003. ( ) 40 4,2004, ,,1997.,,2002. (1) 37 1,1996, (2) 38 2,1997, ,2001, ,1989, ,1990,

59 41 2,1998, ( ) ,2000, ,1997, ,1988, ( NIES ) 410,1993,41 56.,,2004. ( ) 1,1995,35 47.,, ( ) 17,2002, ,2002. ( ) 64 3,1996,1 34. / 59,2001, ,1991, ,1992, ,1993, ,1993, ,1999, Jack, Lively. Democracy Basil Blackwel Ltd,1975( /,,1989 ). Schumpeter,Joseph A. Capitalism,Socialism democracy Harper Brothers,1942( /, 58

60 ,1989 ).,1968.,,1984. ( ),1993.,1993., ,1993, , 2000, Stepan,Alhred C. Rethinking Military :Brazil and the South Cone Princeton University Press,1988( C /,1989.,,2004. Dahl,Robert A. On Democracy Yale UniVersity Press,1998(R A /,2001 ). 125,2000, , ,1993, , a (1) 36,1996, b (2 ) 37,1996, ,2000, , 1992, , a (1) 86,1998, b (2) 87,1998,

61 -a, b,2002., ,2000, /,1997. /,1999.,, ,2000, , ,2001,69 96.,1993 3, ,1986, ,1992.,, ,1981,1 48. Huntington, Samuel P. The Third Wave :Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century University of Oklahoma Press,1991(S P /,, 20,1995 ). / ,2000, /,,2004., ,1997,73 96., ,1988,

62 3 (2),1992. Held,David. Democracy and the global order Blackwell publishers Published,1995( /,2002 ). Henderson,Gregory. Korea :The Politics of Vortex the President and Fellows of Harvard College,1968( /,,1973 ). NIES ( ), 埰 / 1 ( ) 41,1988, /,1993, ,1994,9 18, ,1991, ,1986, ,1998, / (1) 46 4,1999, / 1980 (2) 100,1999, (3) 47 2,1999, ,2001, (1) ( ) 41 2, 2000, (2 ) ( ) 41 3,2000, (1) 30,1999,

63 ( ) 27 6, 1986, ( ) 27, 1986,60 77., ,1996, ( ) 61 2, 1994, a 87,1994, b 89, 1994,37 57.,2004., ,1990, ,1989, ,2003, ,2001.,1999. Lint,Juan J. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes Lynne Rienner Pub Published,2000( /,1995 ). Lint,Juan J. and Valenzuela,Arturo. The Failure of Democracy,Vol.1,Comparative Perspectives The Johns Hopkins University Press,1994(J,A /,2003 ). 3,2004,1 24. (1) 578,1996, (4) 598,1997,

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