A Paradox of Happiness Adam Smith s Discourse on Happiness This article discusses the discourse on happiness of Smith s The Theory of Moral Sentiments

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2 A Paradox of Happiness Adam Smith s Discourse on Happiness This article discusses the discourse on happiness of Smith s The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759). Real happiness consists of the enjoyment involved in our own experiences and the sole end of all governments is to promote the external circumstances of real happiness. Nevertheless, we tend to have an illusion of a state of perfect happiness. Smith focussed on the fact that the said illusion paradoxically brought the political, economical and ethical effects to society. In brief, happiness is an essential subject as a social theory to Smith. Hiroshi Takemoto JEL B31 Keywords real happiness, perfect happiness, fake I. II. III. IV. IV-1. IV-2. IV-3. IV-4. V. V-1. V-2. 1

3 71 3 V-3. V-4. VI. VII. VIII. I /151 1) 1) A. Smith, The Theory of the Moral Sentiments, London, Ed. by D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie, Oxford University Press, 1976 Glasgow Edition, p BP /151 2

4 2) fallacious sense of guilt /266 3) 12/64 2) Thomas Otway, Thomas Southerne, ) unhappy delusions the greatest mutual forbearance and toleration /

5 71 3 Great King, live for ever! 52/151 Great King / /263 general maxim /

6 necessary rule of justice only 105/ /265 II. 13/65 12/65 5

7 / / ) 288/ /263 4) A-29B

8 106/264 IV 2 7

9 ) 6) 116/ ) E ) VIII 8

10 13/66 121/291, 132/ Tartarus and Elysium 91/231 91/ ) 132/ / III. tranquility and enjoyment 149/334 7) /

11 / / / /138 health debt clear conscience 142/ /

12 6 8) 8) dignity independency 256/542 11

13 71 3 9) 9)

14 IV. IV / /325 13

15 / / /548 IV /150 14

16 10) 150/ /336 10)

17 71 3 IV / /139 47/141 16

18 250/532 42/131 42/ inferiors 11) IV-4. 87/223 efficient cause final 11) A. Smith, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, ed. by J. C. Bryce, Oxford University Press, 1983, p

19 71 3 cause 87/224 87/ refined and enlightened reason wisdom of God 87/ / /228 civil police 18

20 89-90/ V. V-1. 57/ / toil and anxiety 19

21 / / /351 IV 1 20

22 63/ / / ) 12) 68E 69A

23 V /

24 13) rape of the earth Providence / /400 13)

25 /401 IV 4 184/401 invisible being 107/265 24

26 V-3. constitutions of government 185/ /488 sole only 25

27 / / /402 26

28 186/ / / / /396 27

29 /157 41/ patronage 95/242 56/158 56/

30 V ) 52/152 15) 14) 2015 I 3 15)

31 71 3 arts 14 = 54/ /152 submit to them[kings] for their own sake Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London, Oxford University Press, 1976, Vol.2, pp , 1976 III

32 53/ ) 53/ V 1 course of human affairs fortunate violence 253/ ? )

33 / /536 natural course of things 17) 17) VI 32

34 / / /371 course of human affairs natural course of things natural course 33

35 ) VI. 18) D D. Hume, Of Passive Obedience Three Essays, Moral, and Political, London, 1748, in Essays Moral, Political, and Literary, ed. by E. F. Miller, Revised Edition, Liberty Classics, Indianapolis, 1987, pp A. Smith, Lectures on Jurisprudence, ed. by R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael and P.G. Stein, Oxford University Press, 1978, pp

36 181/ / / / /

37 /161 VII. 36

38 3 indulgence 144/324 equal degrees of merit 62/168 63/169 merit and demerit 19) commercial society ) 37

39 / Servility 20) 20) A. Smith, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, p

40 21) VIII. II 21) A

41 IX 38 pardoning 40

42 240/516 unite 41

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