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1 KANDA TUFS The Development of the KANDA TUFS English Modules: the Significance and Characteristics SEKIYA Yasushi, YAZU Norie and MURPHY Philip This is an introductory article which describes the background, the process of the development and the features of the KANDA TUFS English Modules Dialog, a free online learning website which depicts the linguistic and cultural differences in major English varieties of the world. We first point out the diversification of English varieties observed in educational institutions in Japan where American English is basically regarded as the norm, and then give an outline of the studies of World Englishes, a field of Sociolinguistics that has been studied extensively by researchers worldwide in the last few decades. Finally, we explain the features and functions of the English Modules and conclude by giving a brief summary of the articles that follow. KANDA TUFS World Englishes 1. 1

2 ALT Assistant Language Teacher ALT organize organise today to die but bot CD 3 on the weekend at the weekend weekend 2

3 KANDA TUFS 4 5 KANDATUFS 2. World Englishes 1980 World Englishes 6 Kachru English Englishes Three Circles of English Kachru 1 Inner Circle Outer Circle Expanding Circle 3

4 Kachru 1985 ENL ESL EFL 7 English as a native language ENL 3 5 English as a second language ESL 3 5 English as a foreign language EFL 10 Jenkins 2003 pp Kachru 8 1 4

5 KANDA TUFS Kachru World Englishes 9 World Englishes Kirkpatrick, 2007: World Englishes 12 World Englishes TOEIC TOEIC Kachru TOEIC General American 5

6 Received Pronunciation RP RP BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBC RP RP RP Estuary English 14 cultivated RPgeneralbroad general TOEIC Kachru ENL 6

7 KANDA TUFS TOEIC JET ALT Statistics Singapore GDP 54, Kachru ESL IT IT ENL 1 7

8 TUFS TUFS B TUFS

9 KANDA TUFS TUFS ELI ELI 9

10 TUFS A B 10

11 KANDA TUFS

12 TUFS 2002 TUFS

13 KANDA TUFS Vowel Shifts of English Great Vowel Shift Northern Cities Vowel Shift Canadian Shift Jacques Durand, Sylvain Navarro, Cécile Viollain R -sandhi in English: how to constrain theoretical approaches R nonrhotic 19 /r/ /r/ linking-r 20 /r/ intrusive-r 21 Durand Phonologie de l Anglais Contemporain PAC /r/ /r/

14 J. K. B JET 28 4,101 JET Programme JET jetprogramme.org/j/introduction/history.html 2 English Language Institute ELI ELI ELI ELI Learning Advisor: :

15 KANDA TUFS 2002 p Milroy & Milroy prescription Milroy & Milroy 2000 p. 1 5 ALT B. B. Kachru, The Other Tongue Chicago: Illinois University Press, 1982 Peter Trudgill and Jean Hannah, International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English London: Edward Arnold, 1982 World Englishes B. B. Kachru, Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle, in R. Quirk & H. Widdowson, eds., English in the World Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Statistics Singapore Jennifer Jenkins, 2003, World Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, London: Routledge, 2003 ; Braj. B. Kachru et al., eds., The Handbook of World Englishes Cambridge: Blackwell, 2006 ; Andy Kirkpatrick, World Englishes Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, World Englishes TOEIC TOEIC 15

16 : ,100 15,331 9,745 8,617 31,038 20,444 17,948 7, ELI University of Toronto National University of Singapore 2014 University College Dublin 19 car cart /r/ R rhotic r-full /r/ R non-rhotic r-less 20 /r/24. your own house r your own r 21 /r/38. awe of awe of /r/ Jenkins, Jennifer World Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, London: Routledge. Kachru, B. B The Other Tongue, Chicago: Illinois University Press. Kachru, B. B Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English 16

17 KANDA TUFS language in the Outer Circle, in R. Quirk and H. Widdowson eds., English in the World pp Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. et al., eds The Handbook of World Englishes, Cambridge: Blackwell. Kirkpatrick, Andy World Englishes, Cambridge University Press. Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy Authority in Language, London: Routledge. Statistics Singapore Table 47: Resident Population Aged 5 Years and Over by Age Group and Language Most Frequently Spoken at Home, Census of population 2010, Department of Statistics Singapore. Statistics Singapore Latest data- Population & land area, Department of Statistics Singapore. Trudgill, Peter & Jean Hannah International English: A guide to Varieties of Standard English 5 th edition, London: Hodder Education TUFS KANDA B

Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. George Allen and Unwin. Mouton. Chomsky, N. (1964). Current issues in linguistic theory. Mouton. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of

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