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1 ELIICA LCA KEO Discussion Paper No CO2ELIICA ELIICA LCA ELIICA EV CO2 nakano@sanken.keio.ac.jp naokotknk@yahoo.co.jp masa.suzu@jasmine.ocn.ne.jp 1 ELIICA LCA KEO
2 CO CO2 ITS CO2 CO2 CO2 ELIICA 2000 ELIICA R EV FCV FCV 3 EV
3 1880 M ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle1990 3
4 EV Electric Vehicle 2 CO2 9 HPHP 4
5 CO , ,
6 HP 4 imiev imiev i EVEV FTO EV HP iMiEV imiev SPORT 12 GS
7
8 3 NEDO / HP 8
9 HP /2 1/2 1/ /2 2/3 HP 18 HP 9
10 ELIICA ELIICA Electric Lithium-ion Battery Car ELIICA A-Car ELIICA A-car B-car R&DNAV C-car km/h 1 250km IZA D-car 176km/h 1 270km/h 21 Luciole F-car 150km/hIZA A-carF-car KAZ KEIO Advanced Zero-Emission Vehicle G-car 311km/h 15.3sec 0 100km KAZELIICA Electric Lithium-ion Battery Car KAZ 19 Eliica ELiiCA ELiica ELIICA ELIICA 20 Eliica com( km/h40km/h 540km 10
11 Eliica.com E-car ELIICA km km/h Eliica com
12 ELIICA 2-1 ELIICA 5 5 m m mm kg km/h G sec km min 4 30 Eliica com ELIICA 8 12
13 26 PWM IPM ELIICA 2 15cm Automotive Technology
14 ELIICA ELIICA 28 ELIICA 27 L2 28 ELIICA 14
15 ELIICA KAZ FUTUREAL FUTURE REAL ELIICA ELIICA LCA LCA ELIICA 2 IZA KAZ KAZ IZA KAZ IZA ELIICA
16 CO2 CO2 LCACO2 LCA km/kWh 9.44km/kWh km 11km/l 18.8km/kWh 60km/h 10 1 LNG 5 60km/h 22.5km/l 10 3 IZA IZA CO2 LNG 2 IZA 2 IZA 3 IZAIZA KAZ CO2 KAZ 3 16
17 KAZ KAZ KAZ 4 5 ELIICA CO2 CO2CO2 (1) ( I ( I M) A) f x = ˆ (1) x I Mˆ A f CO2 1 ( I I Mˆ A) (1)CO2 ( ) 1 f ( I ( I Mˆ ) A) c f p c = c + c CO2 (2) 17
18 p c CO2( ) f c CO2( ) p f (2)c c CO2(2005) 12 CO2 (2)CO2 (3) c d p f ( c I + c )f = (3) 1 (3) I ( I M ˆ ) A c i1 p ( c ( I Mˆ ) A)f = (4) (4) A A A A f ELIICA CO2 (2002) KAZ ELIICA (2002) (1997) GV EV (1997) ELIICA ELIICA GV EV ELIICA ) LCACO ) 18
19 3-2 ELIICA ELIICA1 ELIICA2 [kg] [%] [kg] [%] [kg] [%] 2,400 2,730 1, % % % % % --- ( ) % % --- () % % % 1, % 1, % Battery % % Battery % Motor+Tire % % Motor % Tire % Inverter % % % % % % 1, % 1, % % kg/ 4 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% GV EV ELIICA1 ELIICA
20 EV GV 3-2 LCA EV GV 3-3 LCA 1997GV EV 3-3 GV EV [kg] GV EV GV EV
21 ABS (SBR) (2002) 3-4 GV EV GV EV kwh l m kg l l l l LPG kg kg
22 LNG kg (2002) EV ELIICA ELIICA 3-5 EV ELIICA1 [kg] ELIICA Base ELIICA1 Motor +Tire Inverter Motor +Tire Inverter EV ABS (SBR) , , EV ELIICA2 [kg] ELIICA Base ELIICA2 22
23 Motor +Tire Inverter Motor +Tire Inverter EV ABS (SBR) , ,230 2, GV EV GV EV ELIICA1 ELIICA2 t t t
24 t t t t t t t t t ABS t t t (SBR) t t GWh kl m t kl kl kl kl LPG t t LNG t GV t t
25 IO-7 IO ( ) t 15, t 48, t 132, t 71, t 66, t 97, t 213, t 577, FRP t 247, t 116, t 116, t 134,881 ABS t 223, t 748, t 85,713 (SBR) SBR t 318, t 391, ,602, kwh 15,965, A kl 24, , t 11, kl 87, kl 26, kl 68, kl 20,079 LPG t 27, ,246 25
26 t 11,280 LNG t 31, (921000) X = x TM (5) j j + CM kj + k l lj X j j j x j j ( k ) CM kj j ( l ) TM lj cm = CM x (6) kj kj j tm = TM x (7) lj lj j r j j j (k ) cm kj j (l ) tm lj 26
27 CM = cm x (8) 00 kj kj 00 j TM = tm x (9) 00 lj lj 00 j CM kj j (k ) 00 TM lj 2000 j (l ) (2) x kj CM kj TM lj C kj T lj IO-7 [ / ] GV1 GV2 ELIICA1 ELIICA ,200 3,007 2,200 3, FRP 13,884 18,975 13,884 18, ( 0.94 ) ,755 2,399 4,952 5, ,546 6,213 4,546 6, ,448 1,979 1,448 1, ,936 20,412 14,936 20, ,122 2,641 1,483 1,700 27
28 ( ) ,411 14,411 28,823 28, ,511 32,132 23,511 32, ,397 10,109 7,397 10, ,598 17,217 11,919 16, ,108 42,514 65,035 69, ,196 22,135 16,196 22, ,326 5,912 58,254 41, ,267 55,032 70,682 81, ,056 42,379 44,653 52, ( ) 2,120 2,638 2,266 2, ,645 44,895 53,276 60, ,064 6,663 8,272 9, ,177 1,599 1,816 2, ,321 1,401 )ELIICA1 ELIICA2 GV1 GV2 3-9 f (2) (ELIICA) CO Wh3kWh 45kWh (337kg) LiOH NMP(N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) LiPF6 PC( 28
29 375Wh ) EMC() ELIICA(672kg) ELIICA1 ELIICA2 24 Ah 40 Ah 375 Wh 3.8 V 3.8 V kg 2.1 kg * * () 15() 672 kg 672 kg 337 kg 29 kwh 48 kwh 45 kwh ( ) 37.8 Wh/kg 62.5 Wh/kg Wh/kg ( ) 12.1 Wh/kg 17.6 Wh/kg 30.0 Wh/kg 4-90 min min kWh LiOH NMP LiPF6 PC DMC(375Wh 8) 3kWh (3kWh 15) 45kWh (45kWh) Output kg Input LiF kg PCI kg CaF2 kg kg kg kg kg ELIICA768kg 29
30 Ni kg HNO3 kg LiOH kg O2 kg LiNiO2 kg 0.0 kg kg kg NMP kg kg kg kg kg 0.0 LiPF6 kg PC() kg EMC kg kg kg kg kg kwh kg l m kg Mcal (2002)
31 IO-7 IO ( ) LiF PCI CaF t 6, () t 50, t 26,277 Ni t 2,065,031 HNO t 46,215 LiOH t 1,050,000 O t 140,000 LiNiO t 203, t 213, t 577,937 NMP t 212, t 2,333,084 ( t 115, t 31, LiPF LiPF6 t --- PC() t --- EMC( ) t ( 0.94 ) t 116, t 134, t 369, t 372, kwh 15,965, t 11, kl 24, , t 11,647 31
32 Gcal 6, IO-7 [ / ] 45kWh 29kWh 48kWh ,239 4,994 6, ,923 6,984 10, ,103 1, ,206 1, ,614 57,276 71, ,820 3,382 4, ,717 6,971 8, ,410 3,399 4, ,707 6,325 7, ,836 11,514 14, () ,913 14,131 17, ,032 16,034 17, ,028 38,006 47, , , , ,755 59,231 74, ,005 24,935 30, kg 672 kg 672 kg ,258 90, , ,535 7,094 8, ,040 1,327 32
33 ,255 1, ,514 1,974 2, f (2) CO ELIICA 3-14 ELIICA1 ELIICA2 200 km 320 km km ( ) 400 km/h 180 km/h ELIICA km 45kWh 29kWh 48kWh km/kwh GV ELIICA GV 11km/l 18.8km/l cycle 3-15 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 cycle ELIICA1 (10.15 km/kwh (EV) 10 3 km ELIICA2 cycle (EV) (10.15 km/kwh
34 10 3 km GV km/l EV GV 3-16 ELIICA1 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 kwh % kwh km/kwh km cycle kwh 6,824 6,824 13,647 13,647 km 50,000 64, , , ELIICA2 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 kwh % kwh km/kwh km cycle kwh 14,118 11,294 28,235 22,588 km 100, , , , ELIICA1 GV Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 km/l km 50,000 64, , ,889 l 4,545 3,428 9,091 6, ELIICA2 GV2 34
35 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 km/l km 100, , , ,333 l 9,091 5,674 18,182 11,348 GV ATF(Automatic Transmission Fluid) 3-20 [km] [10 km ] 30, ,000 4 l 80 l ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) 40,000 6 l 15 l (2002) 3-21(ELIICA1 GV1) GV1 ELIICA1 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 l 4,545 3,428 9,091 6,856 kwh 6,824 6,824 13,647 13, l (ELIICA2 GV2) GV2 ELIICA2 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 l 9,091 5,674 18,182 11,348 kwh 14,118 11,294 28,235 22, l
36 2000 I IO-7 IO ( ) kl 87, kwh 15,965, ,602, kl 92, IO-7 (ELIICA1 GV1) [ / ] GV1 ELIICA1 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case , ,285 1,598, , ,767 5,650 17,534 11, ,468 55, , ,448 86,468 55, , , , , , , ,030 56, , ,914 16,623 10,712 33,246 21, ,929 70, , , , ,852 1, ,324 3,601 12,649 7,203 4,135 2,665 8,271 5, ,873 3,438 17,746 6, , , ,781 1,097 5,563 2, IO-7 (ELIICA2 GV2) GV2 ELIICA2 [ / ] Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case1 Case2 Case3 Case , ,678 1,598, , ,767 9,351 17,534 18,
37 ,468 92, , ,465 86,468 92, , , , , , , ,030 93, , ,892 16,623 17,731 33,246 35, , , , , , ,852 1, ,324 5,961 12,649 11,922 4,135 4,411 8,271 8, ,873 5,690 17,746 11, , ,547 1, ,781 1,816 5,563 3, f (2) CO2 CO2 CO ELIICA CO2 3 CO CO2 (t-co2) ELIICA1 GV ELIICA2 GV CO2 CO CO CO2 ELIICA 8 37
38 4 ELIICA case1 GV case2 GV case3 GV case1 case2 case3 case4 case4 GV ELIICA ELIICA ELIICA ELIICA 3-4CO2 (ELIICA1 t-co2) case1 GV case2 GV case3 GV case1 case2 case3 case4 case4 GV ELIICA ELIICA ELIICA ELIICA 3-5CO2 (ELIICA2 t-co2) 38
39 case1 ELIICA case1 GV case2 ELIICA case2 GV case3 ELIICA case3 GV case4 ELIICA case4 GV 3-6CO2 (ELIICA1 g-co2/km) case1 ELIICA case1 GV case2 ELIICA case2 GV case3 ELIICA case3 GV case4 ELIICA case4 GV 3-7CO2 (ELIICA2 g-co2/km) CO2 ELIICA CO2 39
40 CO2 CO2 ELIICA ELIICALCA CO2 40
41 1 REVA R ASAHI POCKET PR S PR PICCOLO NOTTY EM NOTTY EG NOTTY EG NOTTY EG COMS AK10E,AK11E COMS AK15E MC-1 EV CONVOY Passol-L EC km/h ,680 41
42 , , , , , , , , ,340 HP HP 2003 Eliica SFC CLIP(MAIL MAGAZINE FOR SFC 2003) IZA CO2 Vol.17 No LCAH LCA EV OHM Eliica 42
43 KEO Discussion Paper No.98 Automotive Technology BP 2002 KAZ LCA Discussion Paper No.G-158 WG Eliica EV vs FCV Life Cycle Assessment of the Electric Vehicle ELIICA We focus on the electric vehicle as near-future technology, which has the possibility to reduce the greenhouse gas, and estimate the life-cycle CO2 emissions. We assess the CO2 reduction effect of ELIICA to compare it with same scaled gasoline car using input-output analysis, open model. As a result, the CO2 emission of ELIICA is smaller than gasoline car totally. However, CO2 reduction in the production process of lithium-ion battery is required. We also need to consider the utilization of nighttime power and the introduction of decentralized electric power. 43
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Contents 2 6 8 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 26 28 29 30 31 34 36 38 40 43 44 48 49 50 54 55 56 57 200,000 150,000 100,000 185,848 192,986 190,450 85,33745.9% 27,74014.9% 1,4890.8% 23,15212.5% 23,56912.7% 24,55813.2%
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() 5 8 80% 17 2 366 3,300 () CO2 17 10 1000kWh =0.257KL 1000 =1.16KL 80% 40% 30% 20% 278,000kWh ON 26 22 ON 2 1 1 1 4-2 OFF ON 2 1 1 kw \ \ 1 1 ( 1 1 ( 40) 2 10 ()10 ) 1 (100V) (200V) kwh kwh 1kWh 1kWh
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