$ cal ) ( cal $ cal cal cal 1. () ( clear) 2. ( cal) 3. ( man) \() ( ) --() +()

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1 kernel UNIX OS (...) shell ( ) 5: UNIX: UNIXpp UNIX UNIX Mac OS X $ % $ bash(bourne again shell)% tcsh() clear $ clear 5.2 cal CLEAR $ cal CALender cat /etc/shells cat /etc/shells 19

2 $ cal ) ( cal $ cal cal cal 1. () ( clear) 2. ( cal) 3. ( man) \() ( ) --() +() $ cal -y -y 5.1 -j cal $ cal -j man JM Project search 5.2 $ hexdump -C a-iso-2022-jp.txt 20

3 () ( Ctrl + P ) 1 ( Ctrl + N ) history $ history :10 cal -j 1136 cal -j 12:10 history ( 10) 10 n $!n del tcsh bash bash TAB (completion) 2 TAB 5.6 TAB 21

4 5.4 5 $ h TAB TAB h2ph hdiutil hexdump hostname h2xs hdxml2manxml hfspax hpcdtoppm halt head hipstopgm hpftodit hash headerdoc2html history htdigest hdid heap hlfsd htmllint hdifftopam help host htpasswd hdik help2man hostinfo httpd $ ho TAB $ host TAB TAB host hostinfo hostname $ host $ hostn TAB $ hostname return Rosenblatt.cis.twcu.ac.jp ho host hostinfo hostname ho TAB host host TAB 2 host hostn TAB hostname HTML Word () cat 8 Word 64 ( 62 +/) 22

5 5.5 5 $ < $ > () File exists. $ >> $ < > $ echo > tmp.txt tmp.txt 5.7 cat echo 23

6 5.5 5 $ cd Desktop $ echo This is a string. > file1.txt 1 $ cat file1.txt 2 This is a string. $ echo This is an another string. >> file1.txt 3 $ cat file1.txt 4 This is a string. This is an another string. $ cat > file2.txt 5 This is a test string. Ctrl + C $ cat file2.txt 6 This is a test string. $ cat file1.txt file2.txt 7 This is a string. This is an another string. This is a test string. $ cat file1.txt >> file2.txt 8 $ cat file2.txt 9 This is a test string. This is a string. This is another string. 1 This is a string. file1.txt 2 4 file1.txt 3 This is an another string. file1.txt 5 file2.txt Ctrl + C ( C ) 6 file2.txt 11 7 file1.txt file2.txt 8 file2.txt file1.txt Desktop Finder 2. Finder () (pipeline) $

7 () $ cat lv lv 1 $ ls -l /usr/bin lv /usr/bin/ lv 1 $ ps aux grep asakawa lv asakawa lv 1 25

8 URL URL(Universal Resource Locator) URL URI URL URL :/ / http ~asakawa index.html telnet 80 $ telnet 80 GET /~asakawa/index.html HTTP/1.0 Host: http HTTP/ OK Date: Sun, 19 Oct :14:56 GMT Server: Apache/ (Red Hat) mod_ssl/ OpenSSL/0.9.7a DAV/2 Last-Modified: Sun, 28 Sep :16:00 GMT ETag: "b5a160fe-37ae-5c59d000" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: Connection: close Content-Type: text/html <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-2022-jp"?> 1 HTTP/ OK Safari, Firefox, Opera, IE 6.2 IP IP 1. NIC

9 6.2 IP 6 URL IP host IP $ $ host has address is an alias for Dover.twcu.ac.jp. is an alias for Dover.twcu.ac.jp. IP Dover.twcu.ac.jp (alias) IP 9 IP IPv4 10 IPv IPv4 2. IPv6 3. IPv6 IP 4 (32 ) IP IPv4 IP IP adress 5 6: IP ID ID A bits 24 bits B bits 16 bits C bits 8 bits D E IP 3 A ID 24 ID B =

10 6.2 IP 6 ID 14 ID 16 C ID Class A (0.x.x.x x.x.x) 0 network part host part Class B (128.x.x.x x.x) 1 0 network part host part Class C ( x x) network part host part 2: OSI host DNS (Domain Name Service) ifconfig IP IP (ex. ) IP IP IP IP IP IP ICANN(The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) 12 JPNIC( ) IP IP IP 12 IP 28

11 6.3 ping IP 2. IP 3. IP IP 7 7: IP A bits B bits C bits NAT NAT(Network Address Translation) IP IP IP 6.3 ping ping ping Web ping ping C $ ping PING Dover.twcu.ac.jp ( ): ^C --- Dover.twcu.ac.jp ping statistics data bytes 2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss $ ping PING ( ): ^C ping statistics packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100$ 56 data bytes 29

12 6.4 traceroute 6 $ ping PING ( ): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from : icmp seq=0 ttl=245 time=9.226 ms 64 bytes from : icmp seq=1 ttl=245 time=9.021 ms 64 bytes from : icmp seq=2 ttl=245 time=9.167 ms ^C $ ping statistics packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 9.021/9.138/9.226/0.086 ms 1. ping 2. ping 6.4 traceroute traceroute 13 traceroute $ traceroute traceroute: Warning: has multiple addresses; using traceroute to ( ), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 web.setup ( ) ms ms ms 2 KHP ppp-bb.dion.ne.jp ( ) ms ms ms 3 sjkbbml11.bb.kddi.ne.jp ( ) ms ms ms 4 sjkbbac01.bb.kddi.ne.jp ( ) ms ms ms 5 sjkbbac05.bb.kddi.ne.jp ( ) ms ms ms 6 otejbb203.kddnet.ad.jp ( ) ms ms ms 7 ix-ote208.kddnet.ad.jp ( ) ms ms ms ( ) ms ( ) ms ( ) ms ( ) ms ms ms ( ) ms ms ms 11 jp-in-f147.google.com ( ) ms ms ms 6.5 MAC MAC 6 bytes(48 bits) 3 bytes(24 bits) 3 bytes 13 Windows tracert 30

13 6.6 arp 6 MAC ifconfig Windows ipconfig /all 6.6 arp ARP Address Resolution Protocol arp MAC $ arp -a? ( ) at (incomplete) on en1 [ethernet]? ( ) at 0:4:23:d8:b7:4e on en1 [ethernet]? ( ) at 0:1a:30:ce:2:0 on en1 [ethernet] cheverny.cis.twcu.ac.jp ( ) at 0:50:56:b1:30:44 on en0 [ethernet] marksburg.cis.twcu.ac.jp ( ) at 0:50:56:b1:62:ac on en0 [ethernet] twcu.ac.jp ( ) at 0:1b:2a:e:fe:80 on en0 [ethernet] IP IP TCP/IP IP (MAC ) ARP IP MAC TCP/IP (MAC ) 6.7 netstat netstat OSI ISO (International Organization for Standardization, ) OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

14 6.8 6 OSI reference model Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer 3: OSI 8: OSI Layer end to end TCP/IP TCP(Transmission Control Protocol), IP (Internet Protocol) OSI reference model IP Internet address IP: Internet Protocol host datagram ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ARP: Address Resolution Protocol TCP IP virtual circut TCP IP address 32

15 6.8 6 OSI reference model Application Layer Presentation Layer TCP/IP protocol suits Telnet, ftp, smtp, http, DNS, NFS, etc Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer TCP, UDP IP (ICMP,ARP) Ethernet FDDI ISDN, etc 4: OSI Upper Layer Protocol Session, presentation, and application Layer Data TCP segment Transport Layer K(Maximum) TCP Header Data Part IP Packet Network Layer 24 IP Header Data Part Ethernet Frame DataLink Layer 6 Destination address 6 source address Ethernet Header 2 t y p e Data Part 4 check sum UDP, RARP, FTP, TFTP, SMTP, NTP, NNTP, BOOTP, RIP, OSPF, DHCP RFC RFC 1543 Instructions to RFC Authors telnet 2. ftp 3. snmp 4. http 5. pop3 33

16 version IHL Type of Service Total Length Flagment Identification Flags Fragment Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options Padding 5: IP header Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number Acknowledgment Number Data Offset Reseved Flags Window Control Checksum Urgent Pointer Options 6: TCP header 34

1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari student

LAN 0000000000 6/6, 6/13, 6/20 1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari studentd even kumabari 1: LAN