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1 QOL QOL welfare, well-being

2 QOL QOL,

3 QOL 1 Edouard Antoine Ducpetiaux,

4 81 56 Joseph Fletcher, Visshers 59 1,

5 QOL

6 A a b c d e f g h i j k l m 8.00 n o a b c d e f g B Ducpetiaux, E., Budgets Economiques des Classes Ouvrieres en Belgique: Subsistances, Salaires, Population, Commission Centrale de Statistique, Bruxelles, 1855, pp

7 QOL 1 2 1,000 1, QOL QOL 2 Christian Lorenz Ernst Engel, Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet,

8

9 QOL

10 Engel, E., Die Productions- und Consumtionsverhaltnisse des Konigreichs Sachsen, Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien: Fruher und Jetzt, C. Heinrich, Dresden, 1895, Anlage, S pp

11 QOL 189 4, , Volkswahlstand

12

13 QOL , Engel, E., Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien: Fruher und Jeztz, C. Heinrich, Dresden, 1895, S pp

14 demos

15 QOL Gary Easthope Friedrich Engels,

16 , Henry Mayhew,

17 QOL 2 William Farr,

18 Charles Booth Alfred Booth Emily Booth

19 QOL ,

20 Henry Mayers Hyndman, William Morris, Eleanor Marx, Sidney James Webb, George Bernard Shaw, Octavia Hill, Samuel Barnett, ; Henrietta Barnett, J

21 QOL Andrew Mearns,

22 fellow

23 QOL 90 A H A B C D E F 2 G H A B C D E F G H Booth, C., Life and Labour of the People in London, Poverty I, Macmillan, London, 1891; reprint Augustus M. Kelly, New York, 1969, p

24 section ,889, 45 6, class A 1.51 B C D

25 QOL ,470 1, ,517 5, ,190 6,124 11,400 2,746 3,652 30, ,729 2,706 5,183 1,264 1,205 13, ,961 4,900 9,144 2,169 2,075 23, ,612 10,523 20,512 5,043 4,639 51, ,889 2,864 5,705 1,354 1,220 14, ,871 4,818 9,775 2,319 2,008 23, ,501 4,456 9,193 2,211 1,901 22, ,855 4,796 9,634 2,266 1,984 23, ,028 3,990 7,757 1,905 1,761 19, ,687 11,265 2,962 2,860 28, ,123 3,103 6,190 1,593 1,467 15, ,176 1,159 2, , , , ,017 2,000 3, , ,519 1,504 2, , ,288 2,261 3, , ,111 1,100 1, , ,290 1,280 2, , ,147 2,128 4,849 1,254 1,017 11, , ,354 1,339 2, , ,452 1,442 2, , ,164 3,133 5,677 1,415 1,421 14, ,772 1,758 3, , , , , ,519 3,485 6,773 1,639 1,474 16, ,213 1,200 2, , , , , , , ,733 4,308 1,058 8, ,364 2, , , , , , , ,889 82, ,305 42,325 38, , Booth, C., Inhabitants of Tower Hamlets school board division, their condition and occupations, Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 50, 1887, p

26 A B C D E F G H 1 5,832 5, ,112 30, ,686 9,030 1,371 13, ,249 23, ,432 41,601 51, ,032 14, ,730 1,921 3,506 15,014 1,620 23, ,486 1,423 3,404 14,419 1,530 22, ,088 2,425 17,077 2,134 23, ,636 1,635 9,095 6,431 19, ,856 3,911 6,394 14,490 1,876 28, ,296 12,225 15, ,674 2,737 5, ,261 3,195 4, ,595 9, ,572 7, ,237 10, , , ,578 4,412 6, ,121 5,704 2, , , , ,762 6, ,238 4, , ,098 7,850 4,068 1,606 14, ,398 3,504 8, ,142 2, ,298 1,181 4, ,283 6,478 5,320 2, , ,877 5, ,427 2, , ,149 1, ,825 3,814 1,460 8, ,095 2, , , ,163 1, ,728 2,464 5,116 15,298 3,831 2, ,714 6,882 51,860 33,936 67, ,025 52,016 26,965 9, , Ibid., p

27 QOL 35 E E F G H , ,877 A H school board visitors Joseph Chamberlain, Beatrice Potter Webb,

28 central London street 95 AH

29 QOL B B B 2 1 E A 33 3 B B 2 3 B A Booth, C., Life and Labour of the People in London, Poverty, Macmillan, London, 1889; reprint A. M. Kelly, New York, 1969, p

30 A, B, C, D A B CD EF GH 574 2,676 10,152 13, ,948 6,211 29, ,561 1,314 15,998 33,395 50, ,151 41, , ,181 3,874 17,605 83, , , , , ,732 3,762 27, , , , , , ,110 6,886 51, , , ,420 84, , ,558 4,299 47,525 97, , ,255 53, , ,666 6,683 52, , , ,938 25, , ,873 4,489 30,603 73, , ,708 10, , ,533 1,340 26, , , , , , ,674 3,277 18,656 83, , ,879 62, , ,833 1,047 24,711 82, , ,467 85, , ,449 37, , ,050 1,292, ,167, ,611 2,916, ,209,170 99,830 4,309,000 Booth, C., Life and Labour of the People in London, Poverty, Macmillan, London, 1891; reprint A. M. Kelly, New York, 1969, Appendix, p

31 QOL 3 2 E F AD 4, C D B C D 97 B 6 C D 10 E 10 F

32 A B C D Booth, Poverty, p B C D

33 QOL B C&D E F Booth, Poverty, p

34 Seebohm Rowntree, Joseph Rowntree,

35 QOL , social work 100 William Booth,

36 intensive extensive

37 QOL 4 improvidence Asa Briggs ,000, 7 5, , ,

38 B 2/ B 3/ B 3/ A 3/ A 3/ B 3/ respectable D 6/ D 3/ D 3/ D 3/ D 7/ D 2/ D 2/ C 2/ D 2/ Rowntree, S., Poverty: A Study of Town Life, Macmillan, London, 1901, pp pp

39 QOL AG 7 AD A 18 1, B , C , D 30 24, E 4, F 21, G 2, , Rowntree, op. cit., p. 31. p

40 81 56 physical efficiency 2 Wilbur Olin Atwater,

41 QOL Rowntree, op. cit., p p

42

43 QOL

44 s. 11 d s. 9 d s. 0 d s. 0 d s. 0 d s.9d s. 10 d s. 0 d s. 5 d s. 4 d s. 4 d s. 1 d s. 4 d s. 8 d s 8 d s. 0 d s. 0 d s. 0 d s. 3 d s. 1 d Rowntree, op. cit., pp. 224, 235, 249, 253 pp. 254, 261, 266,

45 QOL Academie Royal de Belgique, Bibliographie Nationale, Academie Royal de Belgique, Bruxelles, tome 31, supplement 4, 1964, pp Wikipedia: Ducpetiaux. URL Engel, E., Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien: Fruher und Jeztz, C. Heinrich, Dresden, 1895, S pp M. Fletcher 60 Ducpetiaux, E., Budgets Economiques des Classes Ouvrieres en Belgique: Subsistances, Salaires, Population, Commission Centrale de Statistique, Bruxelles, 1855, p Ibid., p

46 81 56 pp pp pp Engel, E., Die Productions- und Consumtionsverhaltnisse des Konigreichs Sachsen, Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien: Fruher und Jetzt, C. Heinrich, Dresden, 1895, Anlage, S. 8. p Ebd., S p Ebd., S. 34. p Ebd., S. 50. p Engel, Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien, S. 12. pp Engel, Die Lebenskosten Belgisher Arbeiter-Familien, S p Easthope, op. cit., p. 49. p Easthope, op. cit., p. 49. p F pp Canning, J. ed., The Illustrated Mayhew s London, Guild Publishing, London, 1986, p.15. H pp Newman, G., The Building of a Nation s Health, Garland, New York, 1985, pp pp Booth, M., Charles Booth: A Memoir, Macmillan,

47 QOL London, Stone, op. cit., pp Stone, op. cit., p Stone, op. cit., pp pp p p Stone, op. cit., p Stone, op. cit., p Booth, M., op. cit., pp p p Booth, M., op. cit., p p Booth, C., Inhabitants of Tower Hamlets school board division, their condition and occupations, Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 50, 1887, pp A H Ibid., p p Booth, M., op. cit., p Booth, C., Life and Labour of the People in London, Poverty, Macmillan, London, 1891; reprint A. M. Kelly, New York, 1969, p p p ,

48 Briggs, A., A Study of the Work of Seebohm Rowntree, Longmans, London, 1961, p. 9. Ibid., p. 15. Ibid., pp Booth, W., In Darkest England, and the Way out, Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1890, pp p. 21 Rowntree, S., Poverty: A Study of Town Life, Macmillan, London, 1901, pp. viiviii pp Ibid., p. vii. intensive p. 16 Ibid., p. viii. p. 17 Briggs, op. cit., pp Rowntree, op. cit., p. 14. p. 18 Briggs, op. cit., p. 28. Rowntree, op. cit., p p. 147 Rowntree, op. cit., p p. 151 Rowntree, op. cit., pp p. 335 Rowntree, op. cit., p p. 337 Rowntree, op. cit., p pp

1 1848 1854 55 1957 60 Tales of Mean Streets 1894 A Child of the Jago 1896 To London Town 1899 17

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