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さあしゃくぬぎ
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1 =======================1== =============================== = == flow stock GDP } {{ } = 2

2 1.1. ()

3 GDP () 4

4 () 4 5

5 = 1 = 0 = 10 = = 10 0 = = = = = 5 20 = = = 45 GDP = = 20 = GDP = 45 6

6 = GDP ()() 1 = + + } {{} } {{ } } {{} = = = (GDP Gross Domestic Product) 1.3. (GDP ) (GDP )(1) GDP GDP = 7

7 GDP Domestic made in Japan Gross GDP Products = GDP GDP GDP GDP 2 GDP

8 (GNIGross National Income) 1.4. (GNI) (GNI) GNI National made by Japanese Gross GNI Income = GNI = GNP 1 = (GNI) 1 GDP (GNI) 9

9 1.1. (GDP GNI ) GDP GNI () GNI GDP () GNI GDP GDP GNI GDP GNI GNI GNI GDP GNI GNI = GDP + = GDP + = = + = = () 10

10 GDP (GDEGross Domestic Expenditure) } {{ } GDP (GDE) GDE Y Cconsumption Iinvestment Ggovernment expenditure Xexport Mimport SKincrease in stocks = + + = + 19

11 (1)

12 2. I 2 II I I AG I A B C D E G F 200 II A B C D E F G

13 I B E F II 0.1 = = = = step 1 = = step 2 1 A = B(= G) 2 C + D + 60 =

14 step 3 1 A + C + E = G(= B) D + F = 200 step 4 D = D = C } {{ 60 = 200 } C = 40 2 A = 0.1 G = C = 0.4 G 40 = 0.4 G G = 100(= B) 1A = 100 A = E = 100 E = F = 200 F =

15 () 45 I = I I I = I I = S O Y 1 Y 2 Y Y = C + I Y Y = C + I (6) C = c 0 + cy (7) I = I (8) (7)(8)(6) Y = c 0 + cy } {{ } C + I I Y cy = c 0 + I Y () = c 0 + I Y = 1 ( c0 + I ) 66

16 Y D, Y S Y Y S 45 Y D = C + I Y S c 0 + I c 0 C E I = I Y = C + S C = c 0 + cy Y Y = 1 ( c0 + I ) I I O Y Y 45( = ) }{{ Y = Y S } Y D = C + I C = c 0 + cy I E(Y S )(Y D ) 45 E = = Y Y S Y D 2.1. () Y = C + I C = Y S = Y I = 40 67

17 () 2.1. Y Y = C + I Y S = Y D Y = 20 } + {{ 0.8Y } + 40 C I 0.2Y = 60 Y = 300() Y S, Y D Y Y S 45 C 1 Y D = C + I A E D E 2 B 1Y S > Y D 2Y S < Y D O Y 1 Y Y 2 Y Y Y 1 Y D Y S Y 1 AB Y Y 2 Y S Y D Y 2 CD 68

18 Y S = Y D ()Y S = Y D () 1Y S > Y D ()2Y S < Y D () Y S = Y D ()Y S = Y D () Y S > Y D IS Y S < Y D IS Y f 69

19 Y = C + I C = c 0 + cy I = I Y = 1 ( c0 + I ) Y = 1 I C I GT () T }{{ G } GT Y = C + I Y = C + I + G C = c 0 + cy C = c 0 + c(y T ) I = I I = I G = G T = T Ttax Y T T T = T C = c 0 + c (Y T ) 83

20 Y = C + I + G C = c 0 + c(y T ) () I = I ()G = G ()T = T Y = C + I + G Y = c 0 + c(y T ) + I } {{ T } C I Y = c 0 + cy ct + I + G Y cy = c 0 ct + I + G Y () = c 0 ct + I + G Y = 1 + G G ( c0 + I + G ct ) G = T = 0 Y = 1 ( c0 + I + G ct ) cc 0 Y = 1 ( I + G c T ) Y = 1 ( I + G c T ) Y I G = T = 0 Y = 1 Y I I = 1 } {{ } 84

21 I = T = 0 I = G = 0 Y = 1 ( I + G c T ) Y G I = T = 0 Y = 1 Y G G = 1 }{{ } Y = 1 ( I + G c T ) Y T I = G = 0 c T T > 0 Y = Y = c T T < 0 Y T = c }{{ } Y T = c }{{ } 2.4. () 1 c 1 c G }{{ = T}, I = 0 Y = 1 ( I + G c T ) Y G T G = T I = 0 Y = 1 ( G c G) Y = 1 { G()} Y = G Y = G Y G = 1 85

22 = 1 T = T 1 T = T + ty M = M + my 17. Y = C + I + G C = (Y T ) Y = C + I + G C = (Y T ) I = I, G = G, T = T G = T = 10 Y =? (Y S = Y D Y = C + I + G) ( G }{{ = T} = Y ) Y = (Y T ) + I } {{ T } C I + G G 87

23 Y = Y 0.8T + I + G 0.2Y = T + I + G Y = 1 ( ) T + I + G 0.2 Y = 1 ( 0.8 T + G) I = T = G = 10 Y = 1 ( ) 0.2 Y = 5 ( ) Y = 10 = T = T + ty T = T + ty T ty t t = T }{{ Y } t Y 1T t 88

24 = 1 r D 0 D 0 = = CP M Ccash currency Ddeposit currency M = C + D H CRreserves H = C + R 157

25 M H M H = C + D C + R (3) M H 1 M H (3)D M H = C D + 1 C D + R D (4) C D = R D = (4) C D = α R D = β M H = α + 1 () α + β M = α + 1 α + β H (5) M = α + 1 α + β H M H = α + 1 α + β H α + 1 α + β ( ) R D 158

26 C D R D M H C C M D R R H M = C + D H = C + R 3.4. () M H M = C + D H = C + R CDR

27 =======================4== IS LM =============================== = == 4 IS LM } {{ } IS LM 1 Y r I I = I I = S O Y 1 Y 2 Y 45 Y = C + I + G 45 I = I 178

28 4.2 I r r r 2 r 1 O I = I(r) I 1 I 2 I IS LM Y = C + I(r) + G IS LM IS r I Y r I Y 4.3 IS 4.1. (IS) IS I S Y r 179

29 4.3.1 IS IS IInvestment SSaving ISIS1 Y S, Y D Y = Y S 45 Y D 3 = C + I(r 3 ) + G E 3 Y D 2 = C + I(r 2 ) + G E 2 O Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y r r 2 A E 2 B r 3 E 3 ISY S = Y D IS O Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 180

30 4.4.3 LM LM r r M S > M D LM M S = M D r M S < M D O Y M S = M D ()M S = M D () M S > M D () M S < M D () M S = M D ()M S = M D () M S > M D LM M S < M D LM 192

31 r LM 0 r LM 0 LM 1 M G E 2 r 0 E 0 r 0 E 0 E 1 IS 2 O Y 0 IS 0 Y O Y 0 IS 0 Y 1 IS 1 Y 2 Y G = Y LM LM LM LM 0 LM 1 r }{{ 0 } ISLM E 0 LM Y 0 ISIS 0 IS 1 ISIS 0 IS 1 E 0 E 1 Y 0 Y

32 LM 4.6. () 4.7. () LM LM M P = ky L 1 (Y ) LM IS 227

33 =======================5== AD AS =============================== = == 5 AD AS 5.1 ADaggregate demand 45 (Y ) IS LM IS(Y, r) LM (Y, r) AD AS ADAS (Y, P ) ISLM (Y, r ) AD(Y, P ) AS(Y, P ) AD 4 AD ASAD AS } {{ } ADAS 5.1. (AD) AD Y P 259

34 AD r() r 0 r 1 r 2 ( ) LM M 0 P 0 E 0 E 1 E 2 LM 1 ( M P 1 ) LM 2 ( M P 2 ) P 0 > P 1 > P 2 IS 0 O Y 0 Y 1 Y 2 Y P () P 0 E 0 E 1 P 1 P 2 E 2 AD P ( ) Y ( ) O Y 0 Y 1 Y 2 Y P 0 ISLM(P 0 )E 0 Y 0 P 0 P 1 P 2 M P LM Y 1 Y 2 AD P Y AD P M r } P {{} LM I Y IS AD 260

35 W u W 100 W u W W u W uunemployment rate W W α β α w u w β w u u n w W W = 0 u = u n u n O u 288

経済原論

経済原論 4 4-1 1 2,000 4-2 GNP GNP: Gross National Products GDPGross Domestic Products 1 867,922 389,741 478,182 12,832 5,837 6,996 1,303 666 636 300,836 189,909 110,927 33,547 19,862 13,685 2,812 1,710 1,103 8,719