民生・運輸部門における中核的対策技術に関する中間報告
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- とらふみ かたづ
- 5 years ago
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4 (1) 2000 GWP 13 3, HFCsPFCs SF , CO2 CH41990 N2O HFCs PFCs
5 1 GWPGlobal Warming Potential IPCC HFCs IPCC (2) CO ,
6
7 , HFCs 1, HCFC-22 PFCs 1, SF
8
9 (1) [1]55 [2]
10 (2) : HFC PFC SF6 : : HFCPFCSF : : (3)
11 HFCPFCSF HFCPFCSF6
12 9 1-6 CO 2
13 (4) a b RPSRenewables Portfolio Sta ndard RPS RPS 10
14 ( t-co 2 ) 2000 ( t-co 2 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) 11
15 (5) 12
16 CO
17 HEMS BEMS TDM ITS *2 *1 *1 *1 CO 2 *1 *1 *1 ITS *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *2
18 2-2 15
19 CO 2 CO 2 70 / 40 / 10 HEMS BEMS /kw kw 149
20 17 1kW 2004 DME LPG 50 / kW /kw CO 2 CO2 8 34kW kw 7080 CO2 /kw 8 kw( ) 90 / 30 /
21 kW 5001,000W / CO TDM ITS ETCVICS CO 2 VICS PTPS 12
22 BDF; Bio Diesel Fuel BDF /L , , ppm ppm
23 (1)
24 CO 2 CO 2 CO
25 (2) 2-3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 22
26 HEMS BEMS. BEMS
27 24
28 25 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2
29 26 TDM ITS
30 27 CO 2 CO 2 CNG
31
32 CO 2 CO ppm 0.51kW CO 2
33 2010 (1) CO 2 (2) (3) (2) (4) (5) 2010 CO 2 30
34 (1) CNG CO E
35 MTBE kl kl 10 ETBE t ETBE EU EU IEA IEA-AMF IEA *1 NEF News Vol.9,No *2 NEDO,2002 * CO 2 2 CO
36 3-2 [MJ/ha] 2,878 4,492 5, , , ,105 2,872 5,467 22, ,155 13, ,816 / 6.45 Energy Analysis Crop of Used for Producing Ethanol and CO2 Emissions (1996,Marco Aur ' elio dos Santos) (2) E10 E10 E10 15 E
37 (3) E10 E Honda,Acura 10% 10% 10% Nissan,Infiniti 10% 10% 10% Toyota,Lexus 10% 2000 Auto Manufacturer Fuel Recommendations(Vehicle Owner's Manual Statements) E10 E E10 E10 E E10 E10 E10 E E
38 E10 E E10 E10 E E10 E10 2 E MTBE ( ) ( ) ( ) JIS JIS89 JIS
39 1,100 kl 700 kl 290 kl kl EU 200 kl *1 *2 1,550 kl *1 34 6,000 kl E kl 300 kl 3,000 t 840 kl *3 *1 World Production and Trade: Reforms and Subsidies. World Ethanol 2000 ConferenceBerg, Christoph *2 NEDO,2002 *3 NEDO,
40 (4) ( ) 10 ORVR NEDO NEDO 37
41 2030 E10 E10 COHC NOx NOx /L /L (5) CO 2 E / / E E E10 E10 E10 E10 CO t-co CO 2 21,200 t-co E10 E CO 2 1,163 t-co CO CO 2 111,930 t-co
42 ( 13 7 ) ) 3-1E10 E10 ( 13 7 ) ) 3-2E10 E10 39
43 40
44 (1) CO 2 CO 2 CO CO NOx (2) 41
45 42 (3) a. b. c P P P P P P
46 (4) 27.2
47 ( ) (5) CO / CO2 178 t-co CO 2 12,400 t-co CO t-co CO CO t/h *1 11, A *1 1,256 kl/ t/h *2 4, A *2 534 kl/ MJ/L * MJ/L CO MJ/L20 (39.1MJ/L(100 20) MJ/L 20)0.119 CO g-CO 2 /MJ *4 CO kl/ g-CO 2 /MJ39.1MJ/L178 t- CO CO 2 12,400 t-co CO *1 3-7 *2 3-8 *3 13 *
48 3-7 CO ,095 ( 14 ) / 41, ,195 / 27,231 / ,914 / 14,191 / 115, ,542 / 93,761 1,750 / 10m /m2 / ( 13 ) 250 / 1,750 / A 39.1 MJ/ 13 1,256k/ (MJ/ ) 39.1MJ/L CO CO 2 /MJ 14 8 CO CO 2 / A CO CO 2 4,905 / /20 39, , / 1,750 / 90.0 A 39.1 MJ/ k/ (MJ/ ) 39.1MJ/L 20 CO MJ/L CO CO 2 /MJ 71.6CO 2 /MJCO 2 CO CO 2 / A CO CO 2 11,542 / 93,761 1, / 1,750 / 90.0 A 39.1 MJ/ 13 1,256k/ (MJ/ ) 39.1MJ/L 20 CO MJ/L CO CO 2 /MJ 71.6CO 2 /MJCO 2 CO CO 2 / A CO 2 45
49 (1) V 95110V 100V V V
50 100V CO % 1100V 320W 6.74% 1100V 130W 1200W 6.63% 1100V 135W 5.64% 1100V 100W 5.62% 1100V 100W 4.16% 1100V 1,200W 1,950W 3.71% 1200V 1,720W 2,150W 2.80% 1100V 18W 4W 2.19% 1100V 100W V 100V [V] 2-100[V] 2 103[V] 2 100=5.7[] 100V V 105V V 47
51 Vol.202() (2) (3)
52 3-11 (4) VCCI B V 96V 200V 100V 20ms 49
53 15 (5) CO CO t-co CO 2 13,800 t-co CO t-co CO CO * *1 4,914 5,630kWh/ 2000 *2 265,166GWh2000 *3 4, kWh/ 3-12 *1 CO kg-CO 2 /kwh *1 0.69kg-CO 2 /kwh 600 4, kWh kg-CO 2 /kwh t- CO ,800 t-co *1 ( 13 7 ) *2 13 *
54 3-12. *2 *1 [kwh/ [kwh/ ] ] 16.8% % % % % % % % % % V100V 3.1% % V100V 1.0% % % % 1,356 1, % % % 5,630 5, % * *
55 (1) NO PM NO NO DeNOx DeNOx DeNOx DeNOx CO WWFC ppm EU ppm 10ppm 50ppm 3 CO 2 500ppm 10ppm 4 The Costs and Benefits of Lowering the Sulphur Content of Petrol & Diesel to Less Than 10ppm 2001 DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT Sustainable Development Unit and Air and Noise Unit (2) DeNOx DPF 52
56 (3) ppm 2009 NOx DeNOx
57 (4) DeNOx DeNOx CO 2 (5) 10ppm (6) CO CO t-co CO 2 21,200 t-co CO t-co CO CO 2 54
58 2010 CO ( () 13,850( ) 1,548(PJ) CO 2 10,627( -CO ) 2010 DeNOx 2,448 ( ) 278(PJ) CO 2 1,909( -CO ) 4 CO 2 76( -CO ) 1990 CO 2 21,200( -CO ) 1990 CO
59 (1) kw 56m/s W 0.51kW 3-8 NTT
60 23/s (2) (3)
61 (4) W 0.51kW 58
62 (5) CO , CO t-co CO 2 13,800 t-co ,948 CO ,336 t-co CO CO *1 4, *2 2, , kWh *1 CO kg-CO 2 /kwh *1 0.69kg-CO 2 /kwh kWh kg-CO 2 /kwh= t- CO kw 1990 CO 2 13,800 t-co CO *1 ( 13 7 ) *2 12 4,569 2,675 59
63 (1) CO 2 CO ,000kW 7,270kW 4kW 1020kW 550kW 2050kW 5,720kW 2050kW 3,750kW 8,600kW 50 4,200kW kW /2 10kW 1/21/3100kW 1/3 100kW 1/2 100kW /kw NEF ()
64 NEF NEDO *1 PV PV MW 2000 EU UPVG/TEAM-UP PV4U FEMP/ THRMIE MW 138MW ALTENER1993 PV PV ,000 PV PV MW 10, ,2003 :50MW MW 19MW FACE 11MW MW PV PV Scolar 100 PV MW 12MW *1 *2 Trends in Photovoltaic Application(TASK1Report IEA/PVPS, ) 61
65 (2) 70 /kw /kw ()
66 (3) 1/3 1/3 2/3 1/3 1/ ()
67 1/3 1/3 2/3 1/ /kwh CO 2 CO 2 64
68 (4) 1/3 2/3 1 /kwh [ ] [ /kw] [ /kw] [//kw] 41,713 37,024 32, [//kw] 41,713 37,024 32,087 = 0 [kwh//kw] 1,051 1,051 1, [/kwh] [/kw] /kwh 1 /kwh [/kw] [/kw/] 30,674 25,986 21,045 [ /kw] [] (5) CO kW CO t-co CO 2 13,800 t-co , CO 2 2,0643,956 t-co CO
69 2010 CO kw ,760 3,735GWh CO kg-CO 2 /kwh 0.69kg-CO 2 /kwh 3,735kWh kg-CO 2 /kwh= t- CO CO 2 13,800 t-co CO ( 13 7 ) 3-20 [ ] [ ] *1 [ ] ,543 *1 [ ] 13,960 27,920 41,880 55,840 69,800 83,760 97, ,680 [ ] 12,715 25,430 38,145 50,860 63,575 76,290 89, ,720 [ ] 26,675 53,350 80, , , , , ,400 [ ] 26,675 80, , , , , , ,300 kw kW *2 kw ,480 2,073 2,764 3,553 GWh ,038 1,556 2,179 2,905 3, CO 2 [tco 2 ] kg-CO 2 /kwh*3 [tco 2 ] kg-CO 2 /kwh*3 *1 14 *2 *3 ( 13 7 ) 66
70 t-co 2 1,163 t-co t-co t-co t-co t-co 2 76 t-co t-co t-co ,336 t-co t-co 2 2,0643,956 t-co 2 1,2481,634 t-co 2 5,0647,800 t-co 2 1,223 t-co
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p03 p10 p11 p30 p31 p46 p47 p74 EMS kwh 1,845 1,695 1,605 1,495 1, ,309 1,300 1,300 2 kg
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52 161 2010 189-197 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.52 No.161 (2010) 189-197 FEATURE Evolution of Element and Peripheral Technologies in Engine Combustion 燃料噴射系製品のこれまでの歩みと将来の展望 History and
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1 3 6 9 1991 [carbon dioxide tax] 1990 2001 [energy tax] 2000 12 1/2 1995 1 860 SKR/kl 3,640 SKR/kl 1,058 SKR/kl 2,090 SKR/kl ) 1,058 SKR/kl 2,090 SKR/kl 1,058 SKR/kl 743 SKR/kl 1,120 SKR/t 787 SKR/t LPG
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26 3 31 BDF BDF BDF FAME BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF FAME BDF BDF 80.0 97.0% BDF 120 330 0.8% 2.2% 1. 1 1-1 1 1-2 1 2. 2 2-1 2 2-2 5 2-3 6 3. BDF 7 3-1 7 3-2 7 3-3 14 3-4 JOY 21 3-5 32 3-6 39 3-7
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18 6 26 918km 2 H18.11.17 ITSTDM (: ) Transportation/ Environment/ Culture/ Hospitality TECHnology 3K 1 2 41 1 97,561 2 50,998 3 42,689 4 41,358 5 38,583 100km 6 34,951 7 34,115 8 32,549 9 25,084 10
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13,996t 0% 2,379.3t 17.0% 4,630t 0% 532.4t 11.5% 72.9% 96.6% 3,000t 2.9% 3,000t 100.0% 20t BDF 75.0% 18t 90.0% 1,053t 1,053t 100.0% 1,068t 19.9% 854t 80.2% 670t 21.8% 670t
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NEDO 2001 17 (640 kl) 2006 49 (1,850 kl) 5 3 2012 75 (2,840 kl)eia Energy Information Administration 112 (4,240 kl) 1 1 EIA 1MTBE 2 3 Twenty in Ten 4 5EIA 2 6 1 EIA: Annual Energy Outlook 2007 16 F.O.Licht
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b 0 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01% 0.1% 1% 10% 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01% 0.1% 1% 10% 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01%
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2008 2 2 CO 2 CO 2 2 1 1 1 11 E3E10 310 2006 Renewable Fuels Association 134.69 510 7 36.0% 33.3% 7.5% 3.7% 1.9%1980 90 MTBE 2005 2012 75 2005 1 2006 FAPRIFood and Agricultural Policy Research Institute
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