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1 Title Author(s) 日本語の主題の位置付けについて : 形容詞文を中心に Tuptim, Natthira Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL DOI rights

9 Doctoral Dissertation Abstract About placing Topic in Japanese In the point of adjectival sentences In this paper I have chosen to concentrate on topic of an adjectival sentence in order to make an assertion that there are many types of Japanese topic from a perspective of the relation of the topic and its predication. In this paper the main 'function of topic marker WA is the setter of the scope for predication. In many cases of Japanese topic, its form is similar but from the perspective of the relation of the topic and its predication, I analyzed it differs from each other in the meaning. I have chosen the following sentences to verify the above assertion. (1) sakana wa tai ga oishii. (2) zoo wa hana ga nagai. (3) chotto shinkeishitu na gorira datta ga, inakunaruno wa sabishii. (4) kotoba ga hituyounaitoki, kotoba wo hassuruno wa kanashii. I named (1) Junsuishudai or Pure Topic in the meaning of Takeishi (1994). (2) is the one named Shugotekishudai (Subject Topic).(3) and (4) are Kotomeishikunoshudai (Koto-noun phrase Topic). Both of them take nominalizer inoj. It is interesting that there is the difference in the meaning of them. Topic in (1) is the setter of the scope of predication. This character is accordance with the character of WA, and I observed that topic in (1) has no any meanings with its predication. This conclusion is supported by the results from tests used in this paper. Another important issue to exhibit is that (2) is a topic-comment, but (1) is

10 not. Turning to the difference between (3) and (4), I could observe a succession in (3), but not in (4). This difference is from the difference in character of Koto-noun phrase. A last issue in this paper is to overview Thai topic. The Thai language is claimed as a topic language like Japanese. It could be observed that there is a likeness between two language topics.

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160 Hinds, John V. (1973) Some remarks on soo su-. In Japanese Linguistics 18 (2) : Imai, Takashi. (1983) On the significance of Move- a and Empty categories. In Y.Otsu(ed.). Studies in Generative Grammar and Language Acquisition, International Cristian University. Iwasaki, Shoichi. (1987) Identifiability, Scope-setting, and the Particle WA: A study of Japanese Spoken Expository DisCourse. In Hinds (ed.). Perspectives on Topicalization the Case of Japanese WA, John Benjamins Publishing Company. Amsterdam. Josephs, Lewis S. (1976) Complementation. In Shibatani, Masayoshi (ed.). Syntax and Semantics 5:Japanese Generative Grammar, Academic Press. New York. Kameshima, Nanako. (1990) On Aboutness Conditions. In Hoji, Hajime (eds.) Japanese Korean. Linguistics, SLA Stanford. Kikuchi, Akira and Takahashi, Daiko. (1991) Agreement and Small clause. In Nakajima, Heizo and Tonoke, Shigeo (eds.). Topics in Small Clauses, Kurosio. TokyO. Kitagawa, C. (1982) Topic constructions in Japanese. In Lingua 57 : Kizu, Mika. (2005) Cleft Constructions in Japanese Syntax. Palgrave Macmillan. New York. Kuno, Susumu. (1973) The structure of the Japanese language. Cambridge: MIT Press. Kuno, Susumu. (1976) Subject, theme, and speaker's empathy a re-examination of relativization phenomena. In C. Li (ed.). Subject and Topic, Academic Press. New York. Kuno,Susumu and Wongkhomthong, Preya. (1981) Characterizational and identificational sentences in Thai. In Studies in Language 5 (1) : Kuroda, S.-Y. (1987) MoVement of Noun Phrases in Japanese. In Imai and Saito (eds). Issues in Japanese Linguistics. Foris Publications. U.S.A. viii

161 Kuroda, S.-Y. (1992) Whether we agree or not A comparative syntax of English and Japanese. In Japanese, syntax and semantic, Collected Papers. Kluwer Academic Publishers. London. Li, CharleS N. and Thompson, Sandra A. (1976) Subject and Topic A New Typology of language. In C. Li (ed.).subject and Topic, Academic Press. New York. M.A.K, Halliday. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold. Naisap, Thipsuda. (1996) Introduction to Linguistics. Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University. Phitsanulok. Nishiyama, Kunio. (1999) Adjectives and the Copulas in Japanese. In C.-T James Huang and Mamoru Saito (eds.). Journal of East Asian Linguistics, Kluwer. Academic 'Publishers. London. Ohso, Mieko. (1976) A study of zero pronominalization in Japanese. Michigan University Microfilms International. Pankhuenkhat, Ruengdet. (1998) Thai Linguistics. Mahachulalonglornrachawitthayaalai Press. Bangkok. Panthumeethaa, Nawawan. (1996) Rakphaasaa. Chulalongkorn University Press. Bangkok.. Prasitrathasin, Amara, Hunjamlong, Yapaapan and Sawetaman, Saranyaa. (2001) Grammatical theories. Chulalongkorn University Press. Bangkok. PrayaUppakitsinlapasan(Nim Kaanjanachiiwa). (1971) Lak PhaasaaThai. Thaiwatthanaaphaanit. Bangkok. Saito, Mamoru. (1985) Some Asymmetries in Japanese and Their Theoretical Implications. PhD Dissertation. MIT. Sakai, Hiromu. (1994) Complex NP constraint and Case-conversation in Japanese. In Nakamura, Masaru (ed.), In Current topic in English and Japanese. Hituzishobo. Tokyo. Shibatani, Afi.sayoshi. (1990) The Language of Japan, Cambridge University Press. New York. ix

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null element [...] An element which, in some particular description, is posited as existing at a certain point in a structure even though there is no

null element [...] An element which, in some particular description, is posited as existing at a certain point in a structure even though there is no overt phonetic material present to represent it. Trask