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37 外国人に対する実践的な日本語教育の研究開発 図1 地域日本語教育システム (日本語教育学会編 2008,第 1 章より) 2 1 地域日本語教育システム とは 地域日本語教育は 日本語を教える 学ぶための教室 の範囲を超え 全ての 人がよりよく生きる社会の実現のために それを妨げる問題を問い 日本語コミ ュニケーションの側面からの働きかけによって多文化共生の地域社会形成を目指 す活動や制度 ネットワークなどの総体として捉える必要がある この 総体 としての地域日本語教育はひとつのシステムであるが 総体とし てのシステムはカリキュラムなどの要素に関わるサブ システムから成るもので あり 同時にそれ自体また多文化共生社会形成のための より大きなシステムの 要素またはサブ システムでもある 地域日本語教育システムが主な対象とする 日本語コミュニケーション は 生 活者としての外国人 の 生活 全般においてきわめて基本的な部分に関わる また 地域日本語教育の場は 生活者としての外国人 が周囲と接触し情報や感 情をやりとりする最も端緒的な場となっていることから 多文化共生社会形成の 取り組みの中で最も中核的 前衛的な位置を占めることになる この システム は 縦割りに分断されて役割と権限が割り振られた機械的シ ステムでは十分に機能し得ない 地域に暮らす外国人等の 生活 を軸にして 多文化共生に関連する様々な分野や要素が有機的に結び付き 相互に連携をもっ た一つの大きなまとまりとなって 持続的 発展的に機能する システム でな ければならない システムがシステムであるためには その有機的なつながりを作り出し まと まり として大きな機能を生み出すことこそが最も重要なことであるが そのた めには 強い権限をもってそのことだけのために役割を果たす人または組織の存 在が欠かせない 図1の中央部に示された コーディネーター は まさにその 25
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59 Byram, M. (1997) Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communication Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Byram, M., A. Nichols & D. Stevens (2001) Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Fan, S. K. & H. Muraoka (2008) Language planning or language management: in the case of multi-language users in Japan. Paper presented at the 17 th Sociolinguistics Symposium: Macro and micro connections, Amsterdam, 3-5 April Book of Abstracts, pp Hymes, D. (1974) Foundations of Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Nekvapil, J. (2003)Language biographies and the analysis of language situations: on the life of the German community in the Czech Republic. International Journal of 47
60 the Sociology of Language. Vol. 162, pp Little, D.2000Learner Autonomy and Human Interdependence: some Theoretical and Practical Consequences of a Social-Interactive view of Cognition, Learning and Language. In Sinclair, B., McGrath, I. and Lamb, T.(eds.) Learner Autonomy, Teacher Autonomy: Future Directions. London: Longman Little, D.(2006)The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Content, purpose, origin, reception and impact. Lang.Teach.39.Cambridge University Press Peter S. Adler1998Beyond Cultural Identity: Reflections on Multiculturalism, In Milton J.Bennett ed. Basic Concept of Intercultural Communication Selected Reading. Intercultural Press, Inc
61 Byram, Michael (1997).Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevendon: Multilingual Matters Byram, Michael(2008) From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural Citizenship. Multilingual Matters. Canale, M. & Swain,M.(1980) Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied linguistics. 1,
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