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1 UNWTO OD 2 FURUYA, Hideki 1 LCC 1 2 OD 1 2 OD /1 GDP M. H. Mohd Hanafiah and M. F. Mohd Harun 12 GDP 1 13 Vol.15 No Winter 041

2 Visit Japan Campaign OD OD 18 UNWTO 19 OD JNTO ODUNWTO Same-day Visitor OD 1 2 Yes 1 Yes Yes No No Yes No No 042 Vol.15 No Winter

3 Vol.15 No Winter 043 OD OD OD OD 2 OD I ij 1 T ijx ijxi i T ix xi i OD 2 OD 4 OD OD ODGDP

4 4.1 GDP 1 GDP 2 Aj A j a 3 4b GDPjGDPUS$ 20 j D ij ij P ij ij A j j n GDP j GDP j /Dij D ij 2 HP 23 SSEGRG2 Generalized Reduced Gradient GDP 4a4b 4a4b 2 GDP 32 OD 0.8GDP SSE SSE Vol.15 No Winter

5 Vol.15 No Winter SARS /Dij 3 SSE SSE/ 1/2 ij SSE 4a 4.3 OD y0.939x y0.939x R y0.846x0.021 y0.846x0.021 R y0.939x R y0.846x0.021 R FIFA FIFA SARS SARS VJC VJC '04'05 '04'05 FIFA SARS VJC '04'05

6 SARS '97 '01 ' /Dij /Dij OD 5.0 OD6 7OD 12 D ij ,313 1,330 1,823 1,880 2,869 3,312 3,338 3,612 3,656 4,863 5, () Vol.15 No Winter

7 Vol.15 No Winter SARS VJC A j 1/Dij '97 '98 FIFA '02 VJC'03 SARS'03 '05 '08 A jt A jt / / ,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0

8 ODUNWTO OD OD OD VJC Vol.15 No Winter E00 5.0E05 E04 1.5E04 2.0E04 2.5E /Dij Aj E00 5.0E05 E04 1.5E04 2.0E04 2.5E04 3.0E04 3.5E04 4.0E /Dij Aj E00 5.0E05 E04 1.5E04 2.0E04 2.5E04 3.0E04 1/Dij Aj

9 OD GDP OD Vol. 35CD- ROM Vol. 13No. 2pp pp Vol. 37CD-ROM Vol. 54pp Vol. 4No. 1pp Vol. 10 No. 1pp Vol. 41CD-ROM No. 50pp Vol. 10No. 3pp M. H. Mohd Hanafiah and M. F. Mohd Harun2010Tourism Demand in Malaysia: A cross-sectional pool time-series analysisinternational Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp JNTO JNTO JNTO /3/ UNWTO Yearbook of Tourism StatisticsUNWTO 20UN National Accounts Main Aggregates Databaseonline /2/ yosoku/2012/9/ WTO pp Klaysikaew KRAIRERK2012 Vol. 45CD-ROM Attraction Indexes Estimation of Asian Countries and Regions by Number of Foreign Tourists: Application of Inverse Method Using Destination Choice Ratios By Hideki FURUYA The purpose of this paper is to estimate the attraction indexes to identify the positions of Asian Countries and Regions in international tourism. Firstly, the probabilities of destination choice are calculated by the Origin-Destination matrices by the data of World Tourism Organization of United Nations from 1995 to Secondly, attraction indexes of each countries and regions are estimated by inverse problem of minimum of Sum of Squared Error between actual values and estimations by Huff model. It is possible to identify the trends of attraction indexes and to make a relative comparison by this analysis. It is also able to find the position of each countries and regions by positioning map for the identification of competition in Asian international tourism. Key Words : international tourism, Huff Model, attraction index, inverse problem Vol.15 No Winter 049

LCC LCC INOUE, Gaku TANSEI, Kiyoteru KIDO, Motohiro IMAMURA, Takahiro LCC 7 LCC Ryanair 1 Ryanair Number of Passengers 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,

LCC LCC INOUE, Gaku TANSEI, Kiyoteru KIDO, Motohiro IMAMURA, Takahiro LCC 7 LCC Ryanair 1 Ryanair Number of Passengers 2,000,000 1,800,000 1, LCC LCC INOUE, Gaku TANSEI, Kiyoteru KIDO, Motohiro IMAMURA, Takahiro 1 23 LCC 7 LCC Ryanair 1 Ryanair Number of Passengers 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1985 1987 199 1993 1996 1998 Barrett

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