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1 163 Original Paper Music Retrieval Based on the Relation between Color Association and Lyrics Tetsuaki Nakamura Akira Utsumi Maki Sakamoto Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications utsumi/ keywords: music, color, lyric, recommendation, retreival Summary Various methods for music retrieval have been proposed. Recently, many researchers are tackling developing methods based on the relationship between music and feelings. In our previous psychological study, we found that there was a significant correlation between colors evoked from songs and colors evoked only from lyrics, and showed that the music retrieval system using lyrics could be developed. In this paper, we focus on the relationship among music, lyrics and colors, and propose a music retrieval method using colors as queries and analyzing lyrics. This method estimates colors evoked from songs by analyzing lyrics of the songs. On the first step of our method, words associated with colors are extracted from lyrics. We assumed two types of methods to extract words associated with colors. In the one of two methods, the words are extracted based on the result of a psychological experiment. In the other method, in addition to the words extracted based on the result of the psychological experiment, the words from corpora for the Latent Semantic Analysis are extracted. On the second step, colors evoked from the extracted words are compounded, and the compounded colors are regarded as those evoked from the song. On the last step, colors as queries are compared with colors estimated from lyrics, and the list of songs is presented based on similarities. We evaluated the two methods described above and found that the method based on the psychological experiment and corpora performed better than the method only based on the psychological experiment. As a result, we showed that the method using colors as queries and analyzing lyrics is effective for music retrieval [ 06, 07, 06] [ 06] SD [ 01] [ 06, 01, 03, 03, 05] [ 03] [ 94]
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3 165 s(q,v(m)) = 1 q v(m) q v(m) v(m) 2 2 [ 11] (3) m v(m) w v(m)= i A(m) f(w i)i(w i )v(w i ) (3) A(m) A(m) m f(w i ) m w i A(m) I(w i ) w i v(w i ) w i w i w i 2 3 (3) 1 80 A (2) / a r(a) (4) m r(a)= i M(a) r(m i,a) (4) M(a) r(m i,a)= x(m i,a) x(m i ) M(a) a x(m i ) m i M(a) x(m i,a) m i m i a m i 2 [ 11] CD 4
4 D 2012 x(m i )= r( ) (27/ / /30)/3= 0.9 (4) r(a) r(a) 5/ % % r(a) 5/ r(a) 15/ % % i.e., (4) r(a) 30 B r(a) 5/30 (3) (4) /30 5/ PC w v(w) (5) v(w)=( t(w,c 1) 3x(w),..., t(w,c 35) 3x(w) ) (5) x(w) w t(w,c i ) w c i (i = 1,...,35) x(w)= (3) LSA [Landauer 07] LSA 2005
![167 1 2 3 80 LSA LSA LSA 1 1 1 MeCab 5 LSA LSA 643,807 129,462 300 [Landauer 97] LSA 1 u θ(> 0) u u u I(u) v(u) (6) (8) I(u)= w i P (u,θ) s(u,w i)i(w i ) P (u,θ) (6) v(u)= w i P (u,θ) s(u,w i)v(w i )](/docs-images/92/108434516/images/5-0.jpg "P (u,θ) (7) P (u,θ)={w i w i P s(u,w i ) θ} (8) P I(w i ) w i P v(w i ) w i s(u,w i ) LSA u w i P (u,θ) u s(u,w i ) θ w i P (u,θ) u 0 2 5 (3) 2 1 (3) 5 http://mecab.sourceforge.")
5 LSA LSA LSA MeCab 5 LSA LSA 643, , [Landauer 97] LSA 1 u θ(> 0) u u u I(u) v(u) (6) (8) I(u)= w i P (u,θ) s(u,w i)i(w i ) P (u,θ) (6) v(u)= w i P (u,θ) s(u,w i)v(w i ) P (u,θ) (7) P (u,θ)={w i w i P s(u,w i ) θ} (8) P I(w i ) w i P v(w i ) w i s(u,w i ) LSA u w i P (u,θ) u s(u,w i ) θ w i P (u,θ) u (3) 2 1 (3) A(m) 1 1 (3) A(m) (3) i.e., [ 11]
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6 D θ correct F [ 02] C m i (i =1,...,50) q(m i ) (9) q(m i )=( t(m i,c 1 ) 3x(m i ),..., t(m i,c 35 ) 3x(m i ) ) (9) x(m i ) m i t(m i,c j ) m i c j (j =1,...,35) x(m i )=57 2 (10) (12) R P F R P R = (10) P = (11) F = 2 1/R +1/P (12) θ correct θ correct =1.0 θ correct < 1.0 (3) N θ correct N 1 10 (6) (8) θ θ correct 1 3 (3) A(m) (12) F (6) (8) θ θ correct F θ = N 50 i.e., [ 99] 5 θ correct =1.0 5 N
7 169 5 θ correct =1.0 7 θ correct =0.8 6 θ correct =0.9 8 θ correct = θ correct = N 2 1 (10) θ correct = N N N N > θ correct = N N N N >5 (11)
8 D θ correct = θ correct = θ correct = θ correct = N (6) (8) θ 0.6 Pearson m i (i =1,...,50) m i c j (j =1,...,35) x ij m i i.e., c j y ij m i x y Pearson i.e., % 2
9 θ correct = θ correct =
10 D m i (i =1,...,80) r(m i ) (13) r(m i )= P (m i) A(m i ) P (m i ) (13) P (m i ) m i A(m i ) m i 2 m i r(m i ) J-POP i.e., [Bernard 86] Bernard, J. W.: Messiaen s Synaesthesia: The Correspondence between Color and Sound Structure in His Music, Music Perception, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp (1986) [Block 83] Block, L.: Comparative Tone-Colour Responses of College Music Majors with Absolute Pitch and Good Relative Pitch, Psychology of Music, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp (1983) [ 01],, (2001) [ 07], VocalFinder,, Vol. 2007, No. 81, pp (2007) [ 06],,,,, Vol. 2006, No. 133, pp (2006) [ 01],,,, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp (2001) [ 03],,, Vol. 27, No. 22, pp. 5 8 (2003) [ 02],,,, (2002) [ 03],,, Vol. 103, No. 407, pp. 1 6 (2003) [ 06],,, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp (2006) [ 03],,,
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![2, pp. 211 240 (1997) [Landauer 07] Landauer, T. K., McNamara, D. S., Dennis, S., and Kintsch, W. eds.](/docs-images/92/108434516/images/11-1.jpg ": Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London (2007) [ 03],,,,, (A), Vol. J86 A, No. 11, pp. 1219 1230 (2003) [ 11],,, (A), Vol. J94-A, No. 2, pp.")
![85 94 (2011) [ 06],,,,, Vol. 2006, No. 113, pp. 3 8 (2006) [ 07],, 24, pp. 184 187 (2007) [ 05],,,, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 1560 1570 (2005) [ 99],, (1999) [ 02],,, Vol. 2002, No. 100, pp.](/docs-images/92/108434516/images/11-2.jpg "105 109 (2002) [ 05],,, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 31 37 (2005) 2011 6 15 A. 2 3 A.1 B. i.e., (4) 30 B.2 B.2 30 0.95 0.70 0.93 0.70 0.93 0.70 0.93 0.68 0.90 0.67 0.90 0.67 0.90 0.67 0.83 0.67 0.80 0.")
11 173, Vol. 103, No. 521, pp (2003) [ 94], Colour Coordinator,, Vol. 1994, No. 30, pp (1994) [Landauer 97] Landauer, T. K. and Dumais, S. T.: A Solution to Plato s Problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis Theory of the Acquisition, Induction, and Representation of Knowledge, Psychological Review, Vol. 104, No. 2, pp (1997) [Landauer 07] Landauer, T. K., McNamara, D. S., Dennis, S., and Kintsch, W. eds.: Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London (2007) [ 03],,,,, (A), Vol. J86 A, No. 11, pp (2003) [ 11],,, (A), Vol. J94-A, No. 2, pp (2011) [ 06],,,,, Vol. 2006, No. 113, pp. 3 8 (2006) [ 07],, 24, pp (2007) [ 05],,,, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp (2005) [ 99],, (1999) [ 02],,, Vol. 2002, No. 100, pp (2002) [ 05],,, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp (2005) A. 2 3 A.1 B. i.e., (4) 30 B.2 B Cognitive Science Society Cognitive Science Society Cognitive Science Society C. 3 C.3
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The copyright of this material is retained by the Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). The material has been made available on the website
The copyright of this material is retained by the Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). The material has been made available on the website by the author(s) under the agreement with the IPSJ.
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