THE JAPANESE JOURNAL of PERSONALITY 2007, Vol. 15, No. 3, 251–265
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1 ) Erikson male to female MTF 120 female to male FTM (Stoller 1964) 1) 15 1 Money
2 BSRI (Bem, 1974) PAQ (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1975) 2002; Burke, Stets & Piroggood 1988; Drass, 1986: O Heron & Orlofsky, 1990 MMPI mf 1986; Althof, Lothstein, Jones, & Shen, 1983; Blanchard & Freund, ; Drass, 1986; Freund, Langevin, Staterberg, & Steiner, ; Kurian & Kukreja, 1995; O Heron & Orlofsky, Erikson ; (1996) (1981) (2002) 1999
3 253 Erikson Erikson Erikson (2001) (Multidimensional Ego Identity Scale: MEIS) (2004) Erikson (MEIS) 2002 Diamond, 2002; Hines, 2004; Money, 1994; 2006; Zucker & Bradley, 1995) XX (Bailey, Dunne, & Martin, 2000; Buhrich, Bailey, & Martin, 1991; Coolidge, Thede, & Young, 2002; Knafo, Lervolino, & Plomin, 2005) (Kruijver, Zhou, Pool, Hofman, Gooren, & Swaab, 2000; Zhou, Hofman, Gooren, & Swaab, 1995) 3
4 Erikson (2001) Erikson ; ; (MEIS) MEIS 1 Erikson , p , p , p. 127; , p Erikson , p. 127; , p Erikson , p. 22; , p
5 r.635 r c (df 89, p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA 0.09, 4 c (df 84, p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA 0.081, c (df 87, p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA AIC 4 BIC RMSEA ) 2)
6 male to female MTF 120 female to male FTM MTF FTM MTF FTM (Gender Identity Scale: GIS) (2001) (1997) Rosenberg (1965) (2000) (1991) (2001) 2 (2000) 2 4
7 257 (2001) 5 6 (1978) ) 2 c (df 89 p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA 0.074, 4 c (df 84, p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA 0.065, c (df 86, p.0001), AIC , BIC , RMSEA (Figure 1) (N 412) ) (1998)
8 d e x Figure 1 (GIS) GIS Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 FTM MTF 2 (Table 4) t 2
9 259 Table 1 (GIS) a.86 a.88 a.83 a a.80 a #13 a.87 a.82 a.81 a.82 #1 #4 #7 #11 #14 a.71 a.66 #9 #12 #15 # Table 2 (N 205) (N 207) (SD) a (SD) a 6.01 (1.67) (1.47) (4.57) (5.15) (8.10) (7.82) (9.78) (10.61) (7.75) (7.78) t 0.31, ns t 3.29, p.001 t 0.39 ns t 1.35, ns t 1.82, ns t 4.05, p.001 df 410 MTF, FTM F (3, 683) p. 001 F (3, 683) p.001 F (3, 683) p.001) (F (3, 683) 24.64, p.001) 3 (F (3, 683) 5.90, p.001) Table 5
10 Table 3 GIS 2 N 205, N ***.328***.421***.330*** ***.201** *** * N 205, N ***.322***.328***.240***.344***.306***.408***.317*** ***.195**.181***.186** *** *** * *.118 * p.05 ** p.01 *** p Table 4 GIS (N 205).325***.333*** (N 207) MTF (N 120).280***.242*** FTM (N 155).350***.427*** 4 (N 205).295***.330***.295***.304*** (N 207) MTF (N 120) *** *** FTM (N 155).259***.450***.244***.429*** *** p.001 Games-Howell Tukey 2
11 261 2 Table 5 (N 205) (6.62) (7.64) (N 207) (6.06) (8.06) MTF (N 120) (10.13) (7.04) FTM (N 155) (10.95) (6.98) *** 8.79*** MTF FTM MTF FTM 4 (N 205) (3.99) (3.32) (3.81) (4.69) (N 207) (4.10) (3.42) (3.96) (4.59) MTF (N 120) (6.89) (6.48) (3.60) (4.45) FTM (N 155) (7.19) (6.30) (3.06) (5.19) *** *** 24.64*** 5.90*** MTF FTM MTF FTM MTF FTM MTF FTM SD *** p.001 Wade & Gelso (1998) 2 Reference Group Nondependent Diversity Reference Group Nondependent Similarity (SEI: Coopersmith 1967) FTM MTF Heyes
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15 265 Development of Gender Identity Scale Shoko SASAKI 1 and Koken OZAKI 2 1 Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion Science 2 Japan Science and Technology Agency THE JAPANESE JOURNAL of PERSONALITY 2007, Vol. 15, No. 3, The purpose of this study was to develop Gender Identity Scale (GIS). In previous studies, gender identity was measured as specific gender roles and/or sexual orientation that the person assumed. The new scale, however, was to measure the sense of identity with one s gender, based on the identity theory of Erikson. Participants in the preliminary study were university students, 153 women and 153 men, who completed the new scale. Several models were tested against the data: two factor, four factor, and hierarchical models. The hierarchical model, with two higher-level factors and two lower-level factors each, was the best fit. In order to examine validity of GIS, the new scale, university students, 205 women and 207 men, completed it along with such other scales as gender role, gender acceptance, and self-esteem. In addition, people with gender identity disorder, 120 MTF (male to female) and 155 FTM (female to male), responded to the scale. Results indicated that the scale had adequate validity. Key words: gender identity, transgender, gender identity disorder, scale
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