[1], [1,5] CR-BSI [9] [10,11] [12,13] [14] [15] [16] CR-BSI [17] CDC ICU 1,000 CR-BSI ICU CR-BSI 1, [18] CR-BSI CR-BSI CR-B

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1 16 Povidone-iodine [2] 20 [3] Semiquatitative roll-plate 15CFU(CFU:colony-forming unit) [6] 1000CFU [7] 5 ( CR-BSI)

2 [1], [1,5] CR-BSI [9] [10,11] [12,13] [14] [15] [16] CR-BSI [17] CDC ICU 1,000 CR-BSI ICU CR-BSI 1, [18] CR-BSI CR-BSI CR-BSI CR-BSI Pittet CR-BSI [19-21] DiGiovine ICU CR-BSI 4.4 (p=0.51)[22] Soufir CR-BSI [23] CR-BSI CR-BSI 6,005 9, ,000 [17,19,20]

3 [24] Eyer 7 [25] Cobb [26] [24] [27,28] 16.1 Maximum sterile barrier MSB CR-BSI MSB MSB MSB MSB MSB MSB 176 MSB 167 [29]

4 MSB [30] * ( 95 ) 500 1, CR-BSI:1, MSB 1 : 2.3% 7.2% (p=0.04) ( ) ( )[29] : , (p=0.02) 2, 6 ICU 1 28% (p<0.01) 1 44% 65% (p<0.001) [30] 1A, CR-BSI 1 : 0.56 ( ) [44] , CR-BSI : 1 0.3% 3.4% (p<0.002) 10

5 [46] 7 1A, : RR 0.56 (0.31-1) : RR 0.71 ( ) : RR 0.61 ( ) [61] 1 1 : RR 0.59 ( ) 1A, CR-BSI: RR 0.26 ( ) 1 : RR 0.18 ( ) 12 :RR CR-BSI(4 ) (7 )[59] ( ) 1A, : RR 1.26 ( ) 3 1 : RR 1.72 ( ) 12 : RR 0.48 ( ) [24] * RR : RR 1.52 ( ) 3 MSB

6 MSB MSB Sherertz 74,081 [30] MSB [29,30] MSB MSB MSB MSB 16.2 CR-BSI [31 43] [44]

7 [45] [46] CR-BSI CR-BSI * ( ( ) ) Tennenberg[31]: 137, Maki[32]: 158 ICU , 5.1, 5.3 SQ (IV, SC, >15 CFU) 86 CFU) , SQ (IV, >15 SO (IV, SC, site), CS, NS SO (>15 CFU, IV, hub, inf) van Heerden[33] : 54 ICU 28, 6.6, SQ (IV, >15 NR ( ); 6.8 CFU) 3 Hannan[34]: ICU 68, 7, SQ (IV, SO (IV, > >10 3 CFU) CFU), NS

8 Bach[35] : 26 ICU (14 14, ); 3 7.0, QN (IV, >10 3 CFU) NR Bach[36] : 133 ( , 7.7, QN (IV, SO (IV) ); 7.7 >10 3 CFU) 2 3 Heard[37] : 111 ICU 151, 8.5, SQ (IV, SC, SO (IV, SC, ( ); 9 >14 CFU) >4 CFU) 3 Collin[38]: 119 ER/ICU 98, ( ); , 7.3 SQ (IV, SC, >15 CFU) SO (IV, SC) Ciresi[39] : , 9.6, SQ (IV, SC, SO (IV, SC) ( ); 9.1 >15 CFU) 3 Pemberton[40]: 72 32, 10, NR SO (IV), Res, ( ); 11 NS 3 Ramsay[41] : , 10.9, SQ (IV, SC, ( >15 CFU) SO (IV, SC)

9 ) Trazzera[42] : 181 ICU/BMT 123, 11.2, SQ (IV, >15 SO (IV, >15 ( ); 6.7 CFU) CFU) 3 George[43]: ; 44, 3 35 NR SQ (IV, >5 CFU) SO (IV) * BMT CFU colony forming units; CS ; ER ; ICU ; IV ; inf ; NR ; NS ; QN ; Res ; SC ; SICU ; site ; SO ; SQ ; TPN (1/98-3/98 ) * (95% (95% ) ) Tennenberg [31] 8 (5.8%) 32 (22.1%) 0.22 ( ) Maki[32] 28 (13.5%) 47 (24.1%) 0.49 ( ) 5 (3.6%) 9 (6.2%) 0.57 ( ) 2 (1.0%) 9 (4.6%) 0.20 ( )

10 van Heerden [33] 4 (14.3%) 10 (38.5%) 0.27 ( ) Hannan[34] 22 (32.4%) 22 (36.7%) 0.83 ( ) 5 (7.4%) 7 (11.7%) 0.60 ( ) Bach[35] 0 (0%) 4 (33.3%) 0 (0-0.65) Bach[36] 2 (1.7%) 16 (13.7%) 0.11 ( ) Heard[37] 60 (39.7%) 82 (52.2%) 0.60 ( ) Collin[38] 2 (2.0%) 25 (18.0%) 0.10 ( ) Ciresi[39] 15 (12.1%) 21(16.5%) 0.69 ( ) 0 (0%) 3 (2.6%) 0 (0-1.28) 5 (3.3%) 6 (3.8%) 0.86 ( ) 1 (1.0%) 4 (2.9%) 0.35 ( ) 13 (10.5%) 14 (11.0%) 0.95 ( ) Pemberton [40] 2 (6.3%) 3 (7.5%) 0.82 ( ) Ramsay[41] 45 (22.6%) 63 (33.3%) 0.58 ( ) Trazzera[42] 16 (13.0%) 24 (24.2%) 0.47 ( ) George[43] 10 (22.7%) 25 (71.4%) 0.12 ( ) 1 (0.5%) 4 (2.1%) 0.23 ( ) 4 (3.3%) 5 (5.1%) 0.63 ( ) 1 (2.3%) 3 (8.6%) 0.25 ( ) *CI CR-BSI [44] CR-BSI CR-BSI

11 ,p< [46] 13 1 [47] 117,000 [47] 2 10 CR-BSI 200 [47] 9 [46] 2 10

12 16.3 Chlorhexidine Gluconate Povidone-iodine [9,12-14] 10 CR-BSI [52] [48 53] (CHG) povidone-iodine ( ) * Maki[48]: 441 ICU (2% CHG , , 5.3 SQ (>15 CFU) CX, NoSource, Sx

13 227 ) Sheehan[49]: ,177 NA SQ (>15 CFU) CX, NoSource, ICU (2% CHG ) Sx Meffre[50]: , , 1.6 SQ (>15 CFU) (70% 0.5 CHG ) or QN (>10 3 CFU/mL) Mimoz[51]: ICU 170, , 3.9 QN (>10 3 (Biseptine ) XFU/mL) [Local or Sx] or [CX, NoSource] CX, Sx Cobett and LeBlanc[52] : 244 (70% 0.5% CHG ) 83, , 1.7 SQ (>15 CFU) NA Humar et al[53]: , , 6. SQ (>15 CFU) CX, Molec, ICU (0.5% ) NoSource * CFU colony forming units CX ICU Local: Molec NA ; NoSource: QN Sx SQ 10 Biseptine 0.25% 0.025% 4%

14 (CHG) (PI) * RR (95% CI) CHG CHG CHG RR (95% CI) CHG Maki[48] 5/214 21/ (0.10,0.66) 1/214 6/ (0.02,1.46) Sheehan[9] 3/169 12/ (0.06,0.75) 1/169 1/ (0.07,16.61) Meffre[50] 9/568 22/ (0.18,0.85) 3/568 3/ (0.20,4.77) Mimoz[51] 12/170 24/ (0.22,0.82) 3/170 4/ (0.15,2.81) Cobett and LeBlanc[52] 6/83 23/ (0.31,0.77) Humar[53] 36/116 27/ (0.87,2.04) 4/193 5/ (0.20,2.75) * CI RR CR-BSI CR-BSI Maki [48]

15 CR-BSI 16.4 [59] CR-BSI [59] CR-BSI 31 [61] CR-BSI CR-BSI [61]

16 CR-BSI [62,63]

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