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17 The Structure and Change of Appropriations for Public Universities in Japan Yoshiei WATANABE Because of the low proportion of public universities (excluding the national universities) in Japan, they have received little attention. In particular, little is known about the appropriations for public universities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the structure of and changes to the appropriations. In previous studies, it has been reported that part of the expenses of the public universities is included into the amount of the Standard Financial Need (the total standard expenditure of a local government computed according to its respective functions) of those local governments that support public universities. It is also reported that the standard expenditure for public universities is computed by multiplying the number of students by a unit cost calculated by subtracting half of the tuition fee from the operating expense per student. On this basis it becomes important to consider three ratios: the ratio of the standard expenditure for public universities to the operating expenses of public universities; the ratio of the appropriations for public universities to the standard expenditure for public universities; and the ratio of the appropriations for public universities to the operating expenses of public universities. Analyses of the empirical data show: () the three ratios remained relatively stable until the middle of the s; () from the latter half of the s to the middle of the s, the ratio of the standard expenditure for public universities to the operating expenses of public universities became smaller; () since the latter half of the s, the ratio of the standard expenditure for public universities to the operating expenses of public universities increased and the ratio of the appropriations for public universities to the standard expenditure for public universities decreased because of the growth in the standard expenditure for public universities; () a ratio of the appropriations for public universities to their operating expenses has decreased since to. These findings indicate that appropriations for public universities may not be determined by the standard expenditure for public universities or the financial conditions of local governments but rather by the level of tuition fees, because the tuition fees of public universities are set by those of the national universities which have risen consistently since the s. All national universities were incorporated in, and now, local governments are empowered to incorporate public universities. Therefore, it might be inferred that the appropriations for public universities may be fluid in the future. Research Fellow, R.I.H.E., Hiroshima University

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