IP 2.2 (IP ) IP 2.3 DNS IP IP DNS DNS 3 (PC) PC PC PC Linux(ubuntu) PC TA 2

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しなつなかじゅく
5 years ago
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1 IP IP (IP ) 2 IP IP 2.1 IP (IP ) 1

2 IP 2.2 (IP ) IP 2.3 DNS IP IP DNS DNS 3 (PC) PC PC PC Linux(ubuntu) PC TA 2

3 4 1,2 4.1 (Protocol) IP:Internet Protocol) 4.2 internet The Internet (internet) internet inter (interconnect) Web IP internet The Internet IP PC UTP TA UTP TA 3

4 4.3 IP IP IP (Source Host) (Destination Host) IP 1 IP Version THL Type Of Service Total Length Identification Flags Flagment Offset Time To Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address 20Bytes Destination Address Options Padding Data 1: IP (IPv4) IP IP IP = = = = = = 168 4

5 = = = = 2 0 = IP IPv4 1 IP 2 IP 2 (&) IP IPv IP 24 IP = = IP IP IP / / IP

6 unix ifconfig PC ifconfig unix man apt-get update && apt-get install apt-cache search IP IP 4.4 IP IP 3 IP unix route 3 6

7 2 A B IP 45 Host A.10.5 eth0.1 Router B.1 eth0 eth0 eth / /16 Host C 2: 2 1 $ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:12:34:56 inet addr: Bcast: Mask: UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 3: A IP $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface U eth UG eth0 4: A 4 ifconfig 5 route route -n 7

8 $ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:23:45:67 inet addr: Bcast: Mask: UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 $ ifconfig eth1 eth1 Link encap:ethernet HWaddr 52:55:00:23:45:88 inet addr: Bcast: Mask: UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 5: B IP $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface UG eth UG eth1 6: B A 2 Flags U G (U) (gateway) (G) Destination Genmask / IP (Iface)eth0 (MSS,Window,irtt ) 1 Flags U Iface eth0 eth /24 Gateway C IP /16 C PC IP Destination

9 4.5 IP IP ping IP ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP ICMP echo ICMP echo reply ping ping -n IP ping 7 2 PC UTP PC IP ping PC IP /24 Host A eth0 eth Host B 7: 2 2 ping PC sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 IP tcpdump tcpdump tcpdump 9

10 ping 2 ping tcpdump ping ping tcpdump wireshark wireshark tcpdump wireshark (dst) (src) tcpdump man wireshark wireshark tcpdump traceroute ping 2 ping traceroute traceroute IP TTL(Time To Live) ICMP 10

11 ping 3 traceroute traceroute wireshark TTL ( ) IP OSI 3 (Ethernet) IP wireshark arp,route IP IP IP IP 11

12 5 3,4 5.1 IP / / /24 1,2 5.2 ( ) $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface UG eth UG eth1 8: ( :longest match) 1 eth0 ping traceroute 12

13 5.3 A B B A ping traceroute (router server) web looking glass traceroute PC traceroute 5.4 ( ) A B C E F C A - B - D - E - F 13

14 Host A Router B Router C Router D Router E Host F 9: 2 4 ( ) 9 A A F F A ping traceroute tcpdump IP /16 IP TA RIP(Routing Information Protocol) RIP quagga RIP C D RIP quagga 14

15 RIP IP RIP OSPF(Open Shortest Path First) RIP OSPF RIP OSPF (redistribute)) RIP OSPF 15

16 6 5 DNS IP IP ( ) IP DNS(Domain Name System) web DNS IP ac.jp jp DNS (TLD:Top Level Domain).jp.com.net (SLD:Second Level Domain).ac.jp.google.com.ntt.com 3 4 DNS ( ) 16

17 6 web URL. web ping 6.2 DNS 3 (Resolver) DNS DNS PC IP IP (Cache Server) DNS (Contents Server) 6. 17

18 7 IP "." Server "jp" Server 2 Cache Server Resolver "t.u-tokyo.ac.jp" Server "ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp" Server 10: 1. IP 2. IP jp IP 5.. jp IP 6. jp ac.jp IP DNS P2P 18

19 7. jp ac.jp IP 8. ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP 9. t.u-tokyo.ac.jp ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP 10. ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP 11. ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP IP. ( ) IP 13 IP 8 IP unix /etc/resolv.conf IP 8 13 DNS UDP 19

20 DNS ( :delegate) DNS (management priviledge) zone delegatoin priviledge delegation Contents Server sync Contents Server u-tokyo administrator management area zone delegatoin priviledge delegation Contents Server sync Contents Server t.u-tokyo administrator management area zone delegatoin priviledge delegation Contents Server sync Contents Server ee.t.u-tokyo administrator management area redundant path zone delegatoin priviledge delegation 11: DNS u-tokyo.ac.jp t.u-tokyo.ac.jp ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp DNS DNS (redundancy) 20

21 DNS DNS dig wireshark unix dnstracer DNS PC DNS DNS bind DNS 21

22 6.4 DNS (RR:Resource Record) (Record Type) DNS A 6.2 ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp IP A(Address) IPv4 A IPv6 AAAA (Quad A ) NS 6.2 jp ac.jp IP NS(Name Server) NS IP NS A SOA SOA(Start Of Authority) (TTL:Time To Live) A (i.e. IP ) ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp NS (i.e. ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp ) 22

23 TA PC DNS 6.4 MX CNAME IP (A ) IP PTR 23

24 7 6 TA TA DNS PC web ( web 24

25 [1] The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Request for Comments (RFC), [2] JPRS, DNS, [3] WIDE University, School of Internet, [4] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), Domain Name System (DNS) Parameters, 25

ict2-.key

ict2-.key IP TCP TCP/IP 1) TCP 2) TCPIP 3) IPLAN 4) IP パケット TCP パケット Ethernet パケット発信元送信先ヘッダ列番号ポート番号 TCP パケットのデータ IP パケットのデータ本当に送りたいデータデータ IP ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部 Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット