70 5. (isolated system) ( ) E N (closed system) N T (open system) (homogeneous) (heterogeneous) (phase) (phase boundary) (grain) (grain boundary) 5. 1
|
|
|
- さや わくや
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 (Carnot) (Clausius) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (system) 1)
2 70 5. (isolated system) ( ) E N (closed system) N T (open system) (homogeneous) (heterogeneous) (phase) (phase boundary) (grain) (grain boundary) (state quantity) x = (x, y) z = f(x, y) dz = df = f(x, y) x dx + y f(x, y) y dy (5.1) x
3 f f dx df(x) = f(x) dx (5.2) 5.1 f(x) dx = C 1 f(x) dx = f(x 1 ) f(x 0 ) C 2 (5.3) C 2 f(x) dx + C 1 f(x) dx = C 2 f(x) dx = 0 (5.4) 0 x 1 x (state variable) (state function)
4 T, N 3 ( N ) (extensive(additive) variable) E S (intensive variable) P T (irreversible) (reversible)
5 ( ) θ (empirical temperature) 2 ds = δq/t (thermodynamical absolute temperature) (ideal-gas temperature) de δq δw de = δq δw (5.5) 1 ( de)
6 74 5. ( δq) (δw ) δ δw rev = P d δq rev = C dt 1 de = 0 (5.6) de D D P = NkT = 2 D E (5.7) C v = E T = D Nk (5.8) v 2
7 δq = 0 δw rev = P d de = δw rev = P d (5.9) d (d < 0) de = C v dt C v dt = P d (5.10) P (, T ) C v dt = NkT d (5.11) T (T 0, 0 ) (T, ) T T 0 C v dt Nk T = 0 d C v Nk ln T T 0 = ln 0 (5.12) C v = D/2 Nk ( ) D/2 T = 0 T 0 (5.13) T P P T ( ) (D+2)/2 T = P T 0 P 0 (5.14) ( ) (D+2)/D = P P 0 (5.15) 0 1) 1)
8 (Carnot) 2 1, 2) 2 Carnot 5.2 (1 2, 3 4) (2 3, 4 1) 1 P=2/ P 2 P=2/ T H T L D P = NkT = (2/D)E ( Q) ( W ) ( E) step E/Nk Q/Nk W/Nk T H ln( 2/ 1) +T H ln( 2/ 1) 2 3 D 2 (TH TL) 0 + D 2 (TH TL) T L ln( 3/ 4) T L ln( 3/ 4) D 2 (TH TL) 0 D 2 (TH TL) total 0 (T H T L) ln( 2/ 1) (T H T L) ln( 2/ 1) E = D/2 NkT de = D/2 NkdT E = D/2 P de = D/2 (P d + dp ) de = P d
9 (isothermal) f NkT E = 0 = Q W = Q i d = Q NkT ln f (5.16) i (adiabatic) Q E = D Nk T = Q W = W (5.17) 2 T (5.13) = 1 4 = ( ) D/2 TH T L ( ) D/2 TL T H 1 3 = 2 4 (5.18) W 12 + W 23 + W 34 + W 41 Q 12 = T H T L T H (5.19) ( ) 2
10 Q 12 T H + Q 34 T L = 0 (5.20) δq/t δq T = 0 (5.21) P δq/t T δq δq/t (entropy)s ds = δq rev T 1 δq rev S 1 S 0 = T 0 (5.22) δq irr δq rev δq irr < δq rev = T ds (5.23)! δq rev ) P T S 1
11 5. 5 : 79 de = δq rev + δw rev = T ds P d (5.24) (T, P ) (S, ) P T S 1 W = P d = T ds (5.25) P T S Q = Q H Q L = T H S T L S (5.26) 1 1 T H (d) (b) P 2 T 4 3 T L (c) S (a) 5.3 P T S 5. 5 : de = T ds P d
12 80 5. ( ) E S ( ) E S = T = P E(S, ) T, de = E T dt + E d T dt, d S P a. d(t S) = T (ds) + S(dT ) d(e T S) = SdT P d S, T, E T S F (Helmholts) P d(e + P ) = T ds + dp. E + P H d(e T S + P ) = SdT + dp. E T S + P G (Gibbs) F, H, G E 1
13 5. 5 : 81 b. µdn µ 1 µdn E de = T ds P d + µdn (5.27) E N = µ. (5.28) S, T, P, µ E, S,, N d(e T S + P µn) = SdT + dp Ndµ (5.29) E(S,, N) n n ne(s,, N) = E(nS, n, nn) E (S,, N) = T (ns) n P (n ) + µ (nn) n n E T = E (ns, n, nn) (ns) n,nn E = T S P + µn (5.30) (5.29) SdT + dp Ndµ = 0
14 82 5. T, P, µ - (Gibbs Duhem) 1, p.59) (5.30) T S P G = E T S + P = µn Maxwell E(S,, N) de (S,, N) = 0 (5.31) de (S,, N) E 2 E S = 2 E S 2 ( ) E = ( ) E S S ( ) ( ) S ( P ) = (T ) S (5.32) F, G, H ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) S P S T =, =, = T T P T T P S P P S (5.33) S (Maxwell) dsdt = dp d 1 N S N
15 5. 5 : ) 1 de = T ds P d T d Maxwell ( ) ( ) ( ) E S P = T P = T P (5.34) T T T N T θ ( E/ ) θ,n ( ) ( ) P P dθ(t ) = T,N θ,n dt (5.35) ( ) ( E P = T θ,n θ ) d ln T dθ = ( P θ ),N dθ(t ) dt P /{ ( E ),N θ,n + P }. (5.36) T 0, θ 0 { } θ ( P / θ),n T = T 0 exp ( E/ ) θ,n + P (θ,, N) θ 0 (5.37) T = f(θ) P 0 θ P lim ( = const.) (5.38) θ 0 P 0 0 P 0 θ
16 84 5. P = Nkθ (5.39) k (Boltzmann constant) k = J/K θ E/N = f(θ) (5.40) (5.37) (5.40) ( E/ ) θ,n = 0 (5.39) ( P / θ),n = (N/ ) k = P /θ T = T 0 exp ( θ θ 0 ) ) dθ = T 0 exp (ln θθ0 = T 0 θ. θ θ 0 θ θ 0 = K T = θ 1) W. L. H. ( 1999) 2) Wm. G. Hoover ( 1999) 3) ( 1993) 4) ( 1981)
September 25, ( ) pv = nrt (T = t( )) T: ( : (K)) : : ( ) e.g. ( ) ( ): 1
September 25, 2017 1 1.1 1.2 p = nr = 273.15 + t : : K : 1.3 1.3.1 : e.g. 1.3.2 : 1 intensive variable e.g. extensive variable e.g. 1.3.3 Equation of State e.g. p = nr X = A 2 2.1 2.1.1 Quantity of Heat
3.2 [ ]< 86, 87 > ( ) T = U V,N,, du = TdS PdV + µdn +, (3) P = U V S,N,, µ = U N. (4) S,V,, ( ) ds = 1 T du + P T dv µ dn +, (5) T 1 T = P U V,N,, T
![3.2 [ ]< 86, 87 > ( ) T = U V,N,, du = TdS PdV + µdn +, (3) P = U V S,N,, µ = U N. (4) S,V,, ( ) ds = 1 T du + P T dv µ dn +, (5) T 1 T = P U V,N,, T](/thumbs/82/86676506.jpg "3.2 [ ]< 86, 87 > ( ) T = U V,N,, du = TdS PdV + µdn +, (3) P = U V S,N,, µ = U N. (4) S,V,, ( ) ds = 1 T du + P T dv µ dn +, (5) T 1 T = P U V,N,, T")
3 3.1 [ ]< 85, 86 > ( ) ds > 0. (1) dt ds dt =0, S = S max. (2) ( δq 1 = TdS 1 =0) (δw 1 < 0) (du 1 < 0) (δq 2 > 0) (ds = ds 2 = TδQ 2 > 0) 39 3.2 [ ]< 86, 87 > ( ) T = U V,N,, du = TdS PdV + µdn +, (3)
1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2
2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6
untitled
1 Physical Chemistry I (Basic Chemical Thermodynamics) [I] [II] [III] [IV] Introduction Energy(The First Law of Thermodynamics) Work Heat Capacity C p and C v Adiabatic Change Exact(=Perfect) Differential
// //( ) (Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von: ) [ ]< 35, 36 > δq =0 du
![// //( ) (Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von: ) [ ]< 35, 36 > δq =0 du](/thumbs/91/105254510.jpg "// //( ) (Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von: ) [ ]< 35, 36 > δq =0 du")
2 2.1 1 [ 1 ]< 33, 34 > 1 (the first law of thermodynamics) U du = δw + δq (1) (internal energy)u (work)w δw rev = PdV (2) P (heat)q 1 1. U ( U ) 2. 1 (perpetuum mobile) 3. du 21 // //( ) (Helmholtz, Hermann
1.5.1 SI kg, m, s ,,
0 9 0.1............................ 9 0.2.............. 10 0.3.................................. 13 0.4 (A2).................... 14 1, 0, 16 1.0.1..... 16 1.1............................. 16 1.1.1 (system)...........................
(A2) , 0,
0 10 0.1............................ 10 0.2.............. 11 0.3.................................. 14 0.4 (A2).................... 15 1, 0, 17 1.0.1..... 17 1.1............................. 17 1.1.1 (system)...........................
6 6.1 B A: Γ d Q S(B) S(A) = S (6.1) T (e) Γ (6.2) : Γ B A R (reversible) 6-1
6 6.1 B A: Γ d Q S(B) S(A) = S (6.1) (e) Γ (6.2) : Γ B A R (reversible) 6-1 (e) = Clausius 0 = B A: Γ B A: Γ d Q A + d Q (e) B: R d Q + S(A) S(B) (6.3) (e) // 6.2 B A: Γ d Q S(B) S(A) = S (6.4) (e) Γ (6.5)
30
3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................
i 18 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 + ( ) 3K
i 18 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 + ( ) 3K ii 1 1 1.1.................................. 1 1.2........................................ 3 1.3......................................... 3 1.4....................................
現代物理化学 2-1(9)16.ppt
--- S A, G U S S ds = d 'Q r / ΔS = S S = ds =,r,r d 'Q r r S -- ds = d 'Q r / ΔS = S S = ds =,r,r d 'Q r r d Q r e = P e = P ΔS d 'Q / e (d'q / e ) --3,e Q W Q (> 0),e e ΔU = Q + W = (Q + Q ) + W = 0
Maxwell
I 2018 12 13 0 4 1 6 1.1............................ 6 1.2 Maxwell......................... 8 1.3.......................... 9 1.4..................... 11 1.5..................... 12 2 13 2.1...................
Microsoft Word - ●ipho-text３目次
国際物理オリンピック 研修用テキスト Ⅲ 熱物理 相対論 量子力学 特定非営利活動法人物理オリンピック日本委員会 1 1.1 1 1. 1.3 3 1.4 4 1.5 6 1.6 7 1.7 9 11.1 11. 0.3 1 6 3.1 6 3. -9 3.3 - -- 31 3.4 --33 39 4.1 39 4. 40 4.3 4 4.4 44 4.5 47 5 5.1 5 5. 5 5.3
5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E
5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E 2, S 1 N 1 = S 2 N 2 2 (chemical potential) µ S N
P F ext 1: F ext P F ext (Count Rumford, ) H 2 O H 2 O 2 F ext F ext N 2 O 2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 P F ext 1: F ext P F ext (Count Rumford, 1753 1814) 0 100 H 2 O H 2 O 2 F ext F ext N 2 O 2 2 P F S F = P S (1) ( 1 ) F ext x W ext W ext = F ext x (2) F ext P S W ext = P S x (3) S x V V
0 (Preliminary) T S pv
0 (Preliminary) 4 0.1.................. 4 0.1.1 S p................... 4 0.1.2......................... 5 0.2............................. 8 0.2.1 p S................ 11 0.3..............................
master.dvi
4 Maxwell- Boltzmann N 1 4.1 T R R 5 R (Heat Reservor) S E R 20 E 4.2 E E R E t = E + E R E R Ω R (E R ) S R (E R ) Ω R (E R ) = exp[s R (E R )/k] E, E E, E E t E E t E exps R (E t E) exp S R (E t E )
meiji_resume_1.PDF
β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E
0 (Preliminary) F G T S pv (1)
0 (Preliminary) 4 0.1 F G.............. 4 0.1.1 S p............... 4 0.1.2......................... 6 0.2............................. 7 0.2.1 (1) p, S............................. 12 0.2.2 (2) 13 0.3
2 p T, Q
270 C, 6000 C, 2 p T, Q p: : p = N/ m 2 N/ m 2 Pa : pdv p S F Q 1 g 1 1 g 1 14.5 C 15.5 1 1 cal = 4.1855 J du = Q pdv U ( ) Q pdv 2 : z = f(x, y). z = f(x, y) (x 0, y 0 ) y y = y 0 z = f(x, y 0 ) x x =
m d2 x = kx αẋ α > 0 (3.5 dt2 ( de dt = d dt ( 1 2 mẋ kx2 = mẍẋ + kxẋ = (mẍ + kxẋ = αẋẋ = αẋ 2 < 0 (3.6 Joule Joule 1843 Joule ( A B (> A ( 3-2
3 3.1 ( 1 m d2 x(t dt 2 = kx(t k = (3.1 d 2 x dt 2 = ω2 x, ω = x(t = 0, ẋ(0 = v 0 k m (3.2 x = v 0 ω sin ωt (ẋ = v 0 cos ωt (3.3 E = 1 2 mẋ2 + 1 2 kx2 = 1 2 mv2 0 cos 2 ωt + 1 2 k v2 0 ω 2 sin2 ωt = 1
1 9 v.0.1 c (2016/10/07) Minoru Suzuki T µ 1 (7.108) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1)
1 9 v..1 c (216/1/7) Minoru Suzuki 1 1 9.1 9.1.1 T µ 1 (7.18) f(e ) = 1 e β(e µ) 1 E 1 f(e ) (Bose-Einstein distribution function) *1 (8.1) (9.1) E E µ = E f(e ) E µ (9.1) µ (9.2) µ 1 e β(e µ) 1 f(e )
lim lim lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d
lim 5. 0 A B 5-5- A B lim 0 A B A 5. 5- 0 5-5- 0 0 lim lim 0 0 0 lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d 0 0 5- 5-3 0 5-3 5-3b 5-3c lim lim d 0 0 5-3b 5-3c lim lim lim d 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 X X T T X (topology) T X (open set) (X, T ) (topological space) ( ) T1 T, X T T2 T T T3 T T ( ) ( ) T1 X T2 T3 1 X T = {, X} X (X, T ) indiscrete sp
1 X X T T X (topology) T X (open set) (X, T ) (topological space) ( ) T1 T, X T T2 T T T3 T T ( ) ( ) T1 X T2 T3 1 X T = {, X} X (X, T ) indiscrete space T1 T2 =, X = X, X X = X T3 =, X =, X X = X 2 X
I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google
I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59
all.dvi
I 1 Density Matrix 1.1 ( (Observable) Ô :ensemble ensemble average) Ô en =Tr ˆρ en Ô ˆρ en Tr  n, n =, 1,, Tr  = n n  n Tr  I w j j ( j =, 1,, ) ˆρ en j w j j ˆρ en = j w j j j Ô en = j w j j Ô j emsemble
KENZOU
KENZOU 2008 8 2 3 2 3 2 2 4 2 4............................................... 2 4.2............................... 3 4.2........................................... 4 4.3..............................
Part () () Γ Part ,
Contents a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7. 8.. 8.. 8.3. 8 Part. 9. 9.. 9.. 3. 3.. 3.. 3 4. 5 4.. 5 4.. 9 4.3. 3 Part. 6 5. () 6 5.. () 7 5.. 9 5.3. Γ 3 6. 3 6.. 3 6.. 3 6.3. 33 Part 3. 34 7. 34 7.. 34 7.. 34 8. 35
II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2
![II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2](/thumbs/101/149159646.jpg "II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2")
II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh
1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1
![1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1](/thumbs/94/121802164.jpg "1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1")
1 I 1.1 ± e = = - =1.602 10 19 C C MKA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1 1.1 r 1,2 q 1, q 2 r 12 2 q 1, q 2 2 F 12 = k q 1q 2 r 12 2 (1.1) k 2 k 2 ( r 1 r 2 ) ( r 2 r 1 ) q 1 q 2 (q 1 q 2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A I A I d d d+a 11 12 57 c 1 NIHONN 2 i 3 c 13 14 < 15 16 < 17 18 NS-TB2N NS-TBR1D 19 -21BR -70-21 -70-22 20 21 22 23 24 d+ a 25 26 w qa e a a 27 28 -21 29 w w q q q w 30 r w q!5 y
4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e βε + e β(ε+ ) = e βε (1 + e β ) F = kt log Z = kt log[e βε (1 + e β )] = ε kt ln(1 + e β ) (4.18) F (T ) S = T = k = k
![4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e βε + e β(ε+ ) = e βε (1 + e β ) F = kt log Z = kt log[e βε (1 + e β )] = ε kt ln(1 + e β ) (4.18) F (T ) S = T = k = k](/thumbs/94/119235351.jpg "4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e βε + e β(ε+ ) = e βε (1 + e β ) F = kt log Z = kt log[e βε (1 + e β )] = ε kt ln(1 + e β ) (4.18) F (T ) S = T = k = k")
4.6 (E i = ε, ε + ) T Z F Z = e ε + e (ε+ ) = e ε ( + e ) F = kt log Z = kt loge ε ( + e ) = ε kt ln( + e ) (4.8) F (T ) S = T = k = k ln( + e ) + kt e + e kt 2 + e ln( + e ) + kt (4.20) /kt T 0 = /k (4.20)
応力とひずみ.ppt
in yukawa@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp 2 3 4 5 x 2 6 Continuum) 7 8 9 F F 10 F L L F L 1 L F L F L F 11 F L F F L F L L L 1 L 2 12 F L F! A A! S! = F S 13 F L L F F n = F " cos# F t = F " sin# S $ = S cos# S S
main.dvi
固体物理の基礎 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/066581 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行当時のものです. http://www.morikita.co.jp/support ( 03 3817 5670 FAX03 3815 8199) i 1 2 5 6
Note.tex 2008/09/19( )
1 20 9 19 2 1 5 1.1........................ 5 1.2............................. 8 2 9 2.1............................. 9 2.2.............................. 10 3 13 3.1.............................. 13 3.2..................................
(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10)
2017 12 9 4 1 30 4 10 3 1 30 3 30 2 1 30 2 50 1 1 30 2 10 (1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) (1) i 23 c 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b d e f g h i (2) 23 23 (3) 23 ( 23 ) 23 x 1 x 2 23 x
i Γ
018 4 10 i 1 1.1.............................. 1.......................... 3 1.3............................ 6 1.4............................ 7 8.1 Γ.................................... 8.......................
untitled
2 : n =1, 2,, 10000 0.5125 0.51 0.5075 0.505 0.5025 0.5 0.4975 0.495 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 2 weak law of large numbers 1. X 1,X 2,,X n 2. µ = E(X i ),i=1, 2,,n 3. σi 2 = V (X i ) σ 2,i=1, 2,,n ɛ>0
2013 25 9 i 1 1 1.1................................... 1 1.2........................... 2 1.3..................................... 3 1.4..................................... 4 2 6 2.1.................................
Nosé Hoover 1.2 ( 1) (a) (b) 1:
1 watanabe@cc.u-tokyo.ac.jp 1 1.1 Nosé Hoover 1. ( 1) (a) (b) 1: T ( f(p x, p y, p z ) exp p x + p y + p ) z (1) mk B T p x p y p = = z = 1 m m m k BT () k B T = 1.3 0.04 0.03 0.0 0.01 0-5 -4-3 - -1 0
縺 縺8 縺, [ 縺 ﾁ : () () () 4 ﾁ93799; () "64": ｨｬ 9997ｨ
34978 998 3. 73 68, 86 ﾀ7 9 9989769 438 縺48 縺 378364 ﾀ 縺473 399-4 8 637744739 683 6744939 3.9. 378,.. 68 ｨ 349 889 3349947 89893 683447 4 334999897447 (9489) 67449, 6377447 683, 74984 7849799 34789 83747
ρ(= kg m 3 ), g h P 0 C () [1] 1.3 SI Pa hpa h 100 ( : 100 ) 1m 2 1N 1Pa 1N 1kg 1m s 2 Pa hpa mb hpa 1mm 1mmHg hpa 1mmHg =
![ρ(= kg m 3 ), g h P 0 C () [1] 1.3 SI Pa hpa h 100 ( : 100 ) 1m 2 1N 1Pa 1N 1kg 1m s 2 Pa hpa mb hpa 1mm 1mmHg hpa 1mmHg =](/thumbs/91/105600732.jpg "ρ(= kg m 3 ), g h P 0 C () [1] 1.3 SI Pa hpa h 100 ( : 100 ) 1m 2 1N 1Pa 1N 1kg 1m s 2 Pa hpa mb hpa 1mm 1mmHg hpa 1mmHg =")
I. 2006.6.10 () 1 (Fortan mercury barometer) 1.1 (Evangelista orricelli) 1643 760mm 760mm ( 1) (P=0) P 760mm 1: 1.2 P, h, ρ g P 0 = P S P S h M M = ρhs Mg = ρghs P S = ρghs, P = ρgh (1) 1 ρ(= 13.5951 10
i
009 I 1 8 5 i 0 1 0.1..................................... 1 0.................................................. 1 0.3................................. 0.4........................................... 3
genron-3
" ( K p( pasals! ( kg / m 3 " ( K! v M V! M / V v V / M! 3 ( kg / m v ( v "! v p v # v v pd v ( J / kg p ( $ 3! % S $ ( pv" 3 ( ( 5 pv" pv R" p R!" R " ( K ( 6 ( 7 " pv pv % p % w ' p% S & $ p% v ( J /
18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb
![18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb](/thumbs/93/114079295.jpg "18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb")
r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2 Coulomb Gauss Coulomb 2.1 Coulomb 1 2 r 1 r 2 1 2 F 12 2 1 F 21 F 12 = F 21 = 1 4πε 0 1 2 r 1 r 2 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 (2.1) Coulomb ε 0 = 107 4πc 2 =8.854 187 817 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 (2.2)
W u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2)
3 215 4 27 1 1 u u(x, t) u tt a 2 u xx, a > (1) D : {(x, t) : x, t } u (, t), u (, t), t (2) u(x, ) f(x), u(x, ) t 2, x (3) u(x, t) X(x)T (t) u (1) 1 T (t) a 2 T (t) X (x) X(x) α (2) T (t) αa 2 T (t) (4)
2.1: n = N/V ( ) k F = ( 3π 2 N ) 1/3 = ( 3π 2 n ) 1/3 V (2.5) [ ] a = h2 2m k2 F h2 2ma (1 27 ) (1 8 ) erg, (2.6) /k B 1 11 / K
![2.1: n = N/V ( ) k F = ( 3π 2 N ) 1/3 = ( 3π 2 n ) 1/3 V (2.5) [ ] a = h2 2m k2 F h2 2ma (1 27 ) (1 8 ) erg, (2.6) /k B 1 11 / K](/thumbs/86/94275608.jpg "2.1: n = N/V ( ) k F = ( 3π 2 N ) 1/3 = ( 3π 2 n ) 1/3 V (2.5) [ ] a = h2 2m k2 F h2 2ma (1 27 ) (1 8 ) erg, (2.6) /k B 1 11 / K")
2 2.1? [ ] L 1 ε(p) = 1 ( p 2 2m x + p 2 y + pz) 2 = h2 ( k 2 2m x + ky 2 + kz) 2 n x, n y, n z (2.1) (2.2) p = hk = h 2π L (n x, n y, n z ) (2.3) n k p 1 i (ε i ε i+1 )1 1 g = 2S + 1 2 1/2 g = 2 ( p F
Chap11.dvi
. () x 3 + dx () (x )(x ) dx + sin x sin x( + cos x) dx () x 3 3 x + + 3 x + 3 x x + x 3 + dx 3 x + dx 6 x x x + dx + 3 log x + 6 log x x + + 3 rctn ( ) dx x + 3 4 ( x 3 ) + C x () t x t tn x dx x. t x
iBookBob:Users:bob:Documents:CurrentData:flMŠÍ…e…L…X…g:Statistics.dvi
4 4 9............................................... 3.3......................... 4.4................. 5.5............................ 7 9..................... 9.............................3................................4..........................5.............................6...........................
. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n
003...............................3 Debye................. 3.4................ 3 3 3 3. Larmor Cyclotron... 3 3................ 4 3.3.......... 4 3.3............ 4 3.3...... 4 3.3.3............ 5 3.4.........
B000 B913 B913 S000 S500 L500 L913 B400 B913 B933 S320 L000 L913 492 498 P 38 5 P591 P595 P596 900 911 913 913 913 913 914 916 930 493 498 P 528 P594 P596 P597 910 913 913 913 913 913 914 918 700 723 746
1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0
1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 0 < t < τ I II 0 No.2 2 C x y x y > 0 x 0 x > b a dx
) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4
![) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4](/thumbs/92/107866707.jpg ") ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4")
1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev
2016 B S option) call option) put option) Chicago Board Option Exchange;CBOE) F.Black M.Scholes Option Pricing Model;OPM) B S 1
206 B S option) call option) put option) 7 973 Chicago Board Option Exchange;CBOE) F.Black M.Scholes Option Pricing Model;OPM) B S 997 Robert Merton A 20 00 30 00 50 00 50 30 20 S, max(0, S-) C max(0,s
flMŠÍ−w−î‚b
23 6 30 i 2 1980 2001 1979 K. 1971 ii 1992 iii 1 1 2 5 2.1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5 2.2 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8 2.3 : : : : : : : : :
24 I ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x
![24 I ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x](/thumbs/94/118744578.jpg "24 I ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x")
24 I 1.1.. ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x 1 (t), x 2 (t),, x n (t)) ( ) ( ), γ : (i) x 1 (t),
1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2
filename=mathformula58.tex ax + bx + c =, x = b ± b 4ac, (.) a x + x = b a, x x = c a, (.) ax + b x + c =, x = b ± b ac. a (.3). sin(a ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B, (.) cos(a ± B) = cos A cos B sin
5 1.2, 2, d a V a = M (1.2.1), M, a,,,,, Ω, V a V, V a = V + Ω r. (1.2.2), r i 1, i 2, i 3, i 1, i 2, i 3, A 2, A = 3 A n i n = n=1 da = 3 = n=1 3 n=1
4 1 1.1 ( ) 5 1.2, 2, d a V a = M (1.2.1), M, a,,,,, Ω, V a V, V a = V + Ω r. (1.2.2), r i 1, i 2, i 3, i 1, i 2, i 3, A 2, A = 3 A n i n = n=1 da = 3 = n=1 3 n=1 da n i n da n i n + 3 A ni n n=1 3 n=1
y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a =
[ ] 9 IC. dx = 3x 4y dt dy dt = x y u xt = expλt u yt λ u u t = u u u + u = xt yt 6 3. u = x, y, z = x + y + z u u 9 s9 grad u ux, y, z = c c : grad u = u x i + u y j + u k i, j, k z x, y, z grad u v =
1 1.1 Excel Excel Excel log 1, log 2, log 3,, log 10 e = ln 10 log cm 1mm 1 10 =0.1mm = f(x) f(x) = n
1 1.1 Excel Excel Excel log 1, log, log,, log e.7188188 ln log 1. 5cm 1mm 1 0.1mm 0.1 4 4 1 4.1 fx) fx) n0 f n) 0) x n n! n + 1 R n+1 x) fx) f0) + f 0) 1! x + f 0)! x + + f n) 0) x n + R n+1 x) n! 1 .
Maxwell
I 2016 10 6 0 4 1 6 1.1............................ 6 1.2 Maxwell......................... 8 1.3.......................... 9 1.4..................... 11 1.5..................... 11 2 13 2.1...................
i
mailto: tomita@physhkyoto-uacjp 2000 3 2000 8 2001 7 2002 9 2003 9 2000 2002 9 i 1 1 11 { : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1 12 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3
Acrobat Distiller, Job 128
(2 ) 2 < > ( ) f x (x, y) 2x 3+y f y (x, y) x 2y +2 f(3, 2) f x (3, 2) 5 f y (3, 2) L y 2 z 5x 5 ` x 3 z y 2 2 2 < > (2 ) f(, 2) 7 f x (x, y) 2x y f x (, 2),f y (x, y) x +4y,f y (, 2) 7 z (x ) + 7(y 2)
201711grade1ouyou.pdf
2017 11 26 1 2 52 3 12 13 22 23 32 33 42 3 5 3 4 90 5 6 A 1 2 Web Web 3 4 1 2... 5 6 7 7 44 8 9 1 2 3 1 p p >2 2 A 1 2 0.6 0.4 0.52... (a) 0.6 0.4...... B 1 2 0.8-0.2 0.52..... (b) 0.6 0.52.... 1 A B 2
(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y
[ ] 7 0.1 2 2 + y = t sin t IC ( 9) ( s090101) 0.2 y = d2 y 2, y = x 3 y + y 2 = 0 (2) y + 2y 3y = e 2x 0.3 1 ( y ) = f x C u = y x ( 15) ( s150102) [ ] y/x du x = Cexp f(u) u (2) x y = xey/x ( 16) ( s160101)
mugensho.dvi
1 1 f (t) lim t a f (t) = 0 f (t) t a 1.1 (1) lim(t 1) 2 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 2 t 1 (2) lim(t 1) 3 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 3 t 1 2 f (t), g(t) t a lim t a f (t) g(t) g(t) f (t) = o(g(t)) (t a) = 0 f (t) (t 1) 3 1.2 lim
SFGÇÃÉXÉyÉNÉgÉãå`.pdf
SFG 1 SFG SFG I SFG (ω) χ SFG (ω). SFG χ χ SFG (ω) = χ NR e iϕ +. ω ω + iγ SFG φ = ±π/, χ φ = ±π 3 χ SFG χ SFG = χ NR + χ (ω ω ) + Γ + χ NR χ (ω ω ) (ω ω ) + Γ cosϕ χ NR χ Γ (ω ω ) + Γ sinϕ. 3 (θ) 180
Gmech08.dvi
51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r
20 4 20 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 4 2 11 2.1................... 11 2.2......................... 11 2.3....................... 19 3 25 3.1.............................
B line of mgnetic induction AB MN ds df (7.1) (7.3) (8.1) df = µ 0 ds, df = ds B = B ds 2π A B P P O s s Q PQ R QP AB θ 0 <θ<π
8 Biot-Svt Ampèe Biot-Svt 8.1 Biot-Svt 8.1.1 Ampèe B B B = µ 0 2π. (8.1) B N df B ds A M 8.1: Ampèe 107 108 8 0 B line of mgnetic induction 8.1 8.1 AB MN ds df (7.1) (7.3) (8.1) df = µ 0 ds, df = ds B
/ Christopher Essex Radiation and the Violation of Bilinearity in the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Planet.Space Sci.32 (1984) 1035 Radiat
/ Christopher Essex Radiation and the Violation of Bilinearity in the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Planet.Space Sci.32 (1984) 1035 Radiation and the Continuing Failure of the Bilinear Formalism,
0 = m 2p 1 p = 1/2 p y = 1 m = 1 2 d ( + 1)2 d ( + 1) 2 = d d ( + 1)2 = = 2( + 1) 2 g() 2 f() f() = [g()] 2 = g()g() f f () = [g()g()]
![0 = m 2p 1 p = 1/2 p y = 1 m = 1 2 d ( + 1)2 d ( + 1) 2 = d d ( + 1)2 = = 2( + 1) 2 g() 2 f() f() = [g()] 2 = g()g() f f () = [g()g()]](/thumbs/92/110082312.jpg "0 = m 2p 1 p = 1/2 p y = 1 m = 1 2 d ( + 1)2 d ( + 1) 2 = d d ( + 1)2 = = 2( + 1) 2 g() 2 f() f() = [g()] 2 = g()g() f f () = [g()g()]")
8. 2 1 2 1 2 ma,y u(, y) s.t. p + p y y = m u y y p p y y m u(, y) = y p + p y y = m y ( ) 1 y = (m p ) p y = m p y p p y 2 0 m/p U U() = m p y p p y 2 2 du() d = m p y 2p p y 1 0 = m 2p 1 p = 1/2 p y
Untitled
II 14 14-7-8 8/4 II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ 6/ ] Navier Stokes 3 [ ] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I 1 balance law t (ρv i )+ j
I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co
16 I ( ) (1) I-1 I-2 I-3 (2) I-1 ( ) (100 ) 2l x x = 0 y t y(x, t) y(±l, t) = 0 m T g y(x, t) l y(x, t) c = 2 y(x, t) c 2 2 y(x, t) = g (A) t 2 x 2 T/m (1) y 0 (x) y 0 (x) = g c 2 (l2 x 2 ) (B) (2) (1)
18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α
18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 2 ), ϕ(t) = B 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + B 2 cos(ω 2 t
A
A 2563 15 4 21 1 3 1.1................................................ 3 1.2............................................. 3 2 3 2.1......................................... 3 2.2............................................
Gmech08.dvi
145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2
D v D F v/d F v D F η v D (3.2) (a) F=0 (b) v=const. D F v Newtonian fluid σ ė σ = ηė (2.2) ė kl σ ij = D ijkl ė kl D ijkl (2.14) ė ij (3.3) µ η visco
post glacial rebound 3.1 Viscosity and Newtonian fluid f i = kx i σ ij e kl ideal fluid (1.9) irreversible process e ij u k strain rate tensor (3.1) v i u i / t e ij v F 23 D v D F v/d F v D F η v D (3.2)
M3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 -
M3............................................................................................ 3.3................................................... 3 6........................................... 6..........................................
現代物理化学 1-1(4)16.ppt
(pdf) pdf pdf http://www1.doshisha.ac.jp/~bukka/lecture/index.html http://www.doshisha.ac.jp/ Duet -1-1-1 2-a. 1-1-2 EU E = K E + P E + U ΔE K E = 0P E ΔE = ΔU U U = εn ΔU ΔU = Q + W, du = d 'Q + d 'W
7. y fx, z gy z gfx dz dx dz dy dy dx. g f a g bf a b fa 7., chain ule Ω, D R n, R m a Ω, f : Ω R m, g : D R l, fω D, b fa, f a g b g f a g f a g bf a
9 203 6 7 WWW http://www.math.meiji.ac.jp/~mk/lectue/tahensuu-203/ 2 8 8 7. 7 7. y fx, z gy z gfx dz dx dz dy dy dx. g f a g bf a b fa 7., chain ule Ω, D R n, R m a Ω, f : Ω R m, g : D R l, fω D, b fa,
untitled
1 25/5/3-6/3 1 1 1.1.................................. 1 1.2.................................. 4 2 5 2.1.............................. 5 2.2.............................. 6 3 Black Scholes 7 3.1 BS............................
δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0 = 0 (8.2) = µ (8.3) G
![δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0 = 0 (8.2) = µ (8.3) G](/thumbs/91/106215968.jpg "δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0 = 0 (8.2) = µ (8.3) G")
8 ( ) 8. 1 ( ) F F = F I (N I, T, V I ) + F II (N II, T, V II ) (8.1) F δf = δn I [ ( FI (N I ) N I 8. 1 111 ) T,V δn I [ ( FI N I ( ) F N T,V ( ) FII (N N I ) + N I ) ( ) FII T,V N II T,V T,V ] ] = 0
2007 5 iii 1 1 1.1.................... 1 2 5 2.1 (shear stress) (shear strain)...... 5 2.1.1...................... 6 2.1.2.................... 6 2.2....................... 7 2.2.1........................
gr09.dvi
.1, θ, ϕ d = A, t dt + B, t dtd + C, t d + D, t dθ +in θdϕ.1.1 t { = f1,t t = f,t { D, t = B, t =.1. t A, tdt e φ,t dt, C, td e λ,t d.1.3,t, t d = e φ,t dt + e λ,t d + dθ +in θdϕ.1.4 { = f1,t t = f,t {
main.dvi
SGC - 70 2, 3 23 ɛ-δ 2.12.8 3 2.92.13 4 2 3 1 2.1 2.102.12 [8][14] [1],[2] [4][7] 2 [4] 1 2009 8 1 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 4 1.3 1... 8 1.4 2... 9 1.5... 12 1.6 1... 16 1.7... 18 1.8... 21 1.9... 23 2 27 2.1
Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t)
Radiation from moving harges# Liénard-Wiehert potential Yuji Chinone Maxwell Maxwell MKS E x, t + B x, t = B x, t = B x, t E x, t = µ j x, t 3 E x, t = ε ρ x, t 4 ε µ ε µ = E B ρ j A x, t φ x, t A x, t
211 kotaro@math.titech.ac.jp 1 R *1 n n R n *2 R n = {(x 1,..., x n ) x 1,..., x n R}. R R 2 R 3 R n R n R n D D R n *3 ) (x 1,..., x n ) f(x 1,..., x n ) f D *4 n 2 n = 1 ( ) 1 f D R n f : D R 1.1. (x,
A 2 3. m S m = {x R m+1 x = 1} U + k = {x S m x k > 0}, U k = {x S m x k < 0}, ϕ ± k (x) = (x 0,..., ˆx k,... x m ) 1. {(U ± k, ϕ± k ) 0 k m} S m 1.2.
A A 1 A 5 A 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1.1 1.1 (). Hausdorff M R m M M {U α } U α R m E α ϕ α : U α E α U α U β = ϕ α (ϕ β ϕβ (U α U β )) 1 : ϕ β (U α U β ) ϕ α (U α U β ) C M a m dim M a U α ϕ α {x i, 1 i m} {U,
,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.
9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,
II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re
![II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re](/thumbs/94/118770263.jpg "II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re")
II 29 7 29-7-27 ( ) (7/31) II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I Euler Navier
2,200 WEB * Ξ ( ) η ( ) DC 1.5 i
mailto: tomita@phys.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp 2002 2003 1.5 2003 2004 2005 2,200 WEB * Ξ ( ) η ( ) DC 1.5 i 1 1 1.1............................. 1 1.2..................................... 2 1.3.................................
2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n
. X {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } X X {, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} X x i P i. 0 P i 2. n P i = 3. P (i ω) = i ω P i P 3 {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } ω P i = 6 X f(x) f(x) X n n f(x i )P i n x n i P i X n 2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n
II Brown Brown
II 16 12 5 1 Brown 3 1.1..................................... 3 1.2 Brown............................... 5 1.3................................... 8 1.4 Markov.................................... 1 1.5
body.dvi
..1 f(x) n = 1 b n = 1 f f(x) cos nx dx, n =, 1,,... f(x) sin nx dx, n =1,, 3,... f(x) = + ( n cos nx + b n sin nx) n=1 1 1 5 1.1........................... 5 1.......................... 14 1.3...........................
A
A05-132 2010 2 11 1 1 3 1.1.......................................... 3 1.2..................................... 3 1.3..................................... 3 2 4 2.1............................... 4 2.2
4 2016 3 8 2.,. 2. Arakawa Jacobin., 2 Adams-Bashforth. Re = 80, 90, 100.. h l, h/l, Kármán, h/l 0.28,, h/l.., (2010), 46.2., t = 100 t = 2000 46.2 < Re 46.5. 1 1 4 2 6 2.1............................
II 2 3.,, A(B + C) = AB + AC, (A + B)C = AC + BC. 4. m m A, m m B,, m m B, AB = BA, A,, I. 5. m m A, m n B, AB = B, A I E, 4 4 I, J, K
II. () 7 F 7 = { 0,, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }., F 7 a, b F 7, a b, F 7,. (a) a, b,,. (b) 7., 4 5 = 20 = 2 7 + 6, 4 5 = 6 F 7., F 7,., 0 a F 7, ab = F 7 b F 7. (2) 7, 6 F 6 = { 0,, 2, 3, 4, 5 },,., F 6., 0 0 a F
IA September 25, 2017 ( ) I = [a, b], f (x) I = (a 0 = a < a 1 < < a m = b) I ( ) (partition) S (, f (x)) = w (I k ) I k a k a k 1 S (, f (x)) = I k 2
![IA September 25, 2017 ( ) I = [a, b], f (x) I = (a 0 = a < a 1 < < a m = b) I ( ) (partition) S (, f (x)) = w (I k ) I k a k a k 1 S (, f (x)) = I k 2](/thumbs/97/133729157.jpg "IA September 25, 2017 ( ) I = [a, b], f (x) I = (a 0 = a < a 1 < < a m = b) I ( ) (partition) S (, f (x)) = w (I k ) I k a k a k 1 S (, f (x)) = I k 2")
IA September 5, 7 I [, b], f x I < < < m b I prtition S, f x w I k I k k k S, f x I k I k [ k, k ] I I I m I k I j m inf f x w I k x I k k m k sup f x w I k x I k inf f x w I S, f x S, f x sup f x w I
( ) ,
II 2007 4 0. 0 1 0 2 ( ) 0 3 1 2 3 4, - 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 1) 2) 3) 4) ( ) () H 2.79 10 10 He 2.72 10 9 C 1.01 10 7 N 3.13 10 6 O 2.38 10 7 Ne 3.44 10 6 Mg 1.076 10 6 Si 1 10 6 S 5.15 10 5 Ar 1.01 10 5 Fe 9.00