|
|
|
- かつかげ とべ
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 C
2 Runge-Kutta γ
3 I II III
4 : ([6] ) 4
5 ( ) 5
6 2 2.1 (Albert Einstein) (Aleksandr Friedmann) (Georges Lemaitre) (Edwin Hubble)
7 2.3 (George Gamow) (Arno Penzias) (Robert Wilson) 2.4 (Seul Perlmutter) (Brian Schmidt) WMAP
8 3 3.1 (1) G µν + Λg µν = 8πG c 4 T µν (1) G µν R µν R G µν = R µν 1 2 Rg µν Λ g µν G c T µν Λ T µν 3.2 8
9 K
10 2: ds 2 (r, θ, ϕ) (2) ds 2 = dr2 1 Kr 2 + r2 ( dθ 2 + sin 2 θdϕ 2) (2) K r r = 2πr 4πr 2 r 2 ( dθ 2 + sin 2 θdϕ 2) (2 ) θ z ϕ x 3 3: ([8] ) 10
11 (2) ds 2 (3) ds 2 = c 2 dt 2 + a 2 dr 2 (t)[ 1 Kr + ( 2 r2 dθ 2 + sin 2 θdϕ 2) ] (3) (Robertson-Walker) t c a(t) T µν T µν T µν = ρc p p p ρc 2 p (4) (5) (6) (5) 00 (6) 11
12 2ä a + { (ä ) 2 + k a a 2 c2 = 8πG 3 ρ + Λ 3 c2 (5) (ȧ a ) 2 + k a 2 c2} = 8πG p c 2 + Λc2 (6) (5) (5) Λ = 0 (7) (8) µ T µν = 0 (7) ρ = 3ȧ (ρ + p ) a c 2 p ρ (9) (10) (8) p = p (ρ) (9) p = (γ 1) ρ (10) γ (5) (8) (10) a(t) 12
13 4 k k k 4.1 Runge-Kutta a Runge-Kutta Runge-Kutta 4 4 Runge-Kutta Runge-Kutta (x n, y n ) x n+1 = x + h (x n+1, y n+1 ) 4 Runge-Kutta (11) (12) y n+1 = y n + h 6 (k 1 + 2k 2 + 2k 3 + k 4 ) (11) k 1 = f (x n, y n ) k 2 = f ( x n + h, y 2 n + 1k ) 2 1 k 3 = f ( x n + h 2, y n + 1k ) 2 2 k 4 = f (x n + h, y n + k 3 ) (12) (11) y n+1 y n x x h 4 (12) 4 k 1 x n k 2 k 1 x n + h x n + h 2 k 3 k 2 k 2 y k 4 k 3 y 13
14 4 4: ( )([7] ) 4.2 Runge-Kutta 3 (5) k (5) (8) (10) (10) γ γ = 4/3 Λ = 0 G = c = 1 a(t) 5 14
15 5: t = 0 k a(t) 3 2 k = 1 k = 0 k = γ (10) γ 5 γ = 4/3 γ = 1 p = 0 k = 1, 0, +1 γ = 4/
16 6: k = 1 (γ = 1, γ = 4/3 ) 7: k = 0 (γ = 1, γ = 4/3 ) 16
17 8: k = +1 (γ = 1, γ = 4/3 ) γ = 1 k 9 9: γ = 1 γ = 4/3 k 17
18 4.4 t = 0 t = (Vesto Melvin Slipher) 1910 z λ s λ 0 (13) z = λ 0 λ s λ s (13) 18 v c v c z (14) z = v c (14) (14) z d d v (15) v = H 0 d (15) 18
19 H 0 t H(t) H 0 = H (0) t v d a v = ȧ d = a H 0 (16) H 0 = ȧ (16) a H 0 a H 0 t = 0 H 0 H 0 = t = : 19
20 11: H 0 (15) 18 H
21 5 5.1 k = 0 Λ = 0 ρ c = 3H2 8πG N (17) Ω tot ρ 0 ρ c Ω tot = ρ 0 ρ c (18) (18) (16) (5) k a 2 H 2 0 = Ω tot 1 + Λ 3H 2 0 (19) 5.2 Λ Ω Λ (19) Ω Λ 21
22 Ω Λ = Λ 3H 2 0 (19) Ω tot + Ω Λ = 1 + k a 2 H0 2 (20) (21) k Ω k (21) k Ω k Ω k = k a 2 H0 2 (22) 5.4 Ω tot Ω Λ Ω k (5) Ω tot + Ω Λ + Ω k = 1 (23) a 22
23 6 6.1 Ω tot + Ω Λ + Ω k = 1 3 Java GUI Swing Java Java JFreeChart [9] JFreeChart Swing Gakushu1 Gakushu2 Gakushu3 prefclear 23
24 12:
25 13: 1. 25
26 14: 2. 15: 3. 26
27 I Ω Λ = 0 Ω k II Ω k = 0 Ω tot III 10 III 1 16: 1 Ω tot Ω Λ 17: Ω tot 27
28 18: Ω Λ 4. t : 5. I III 6. III 7. Ω tot + Ω Λ + Ω k = 1 28
29 t a t H 29
30 I I k I 20 20: I Ω k Ω k 0 30
31 6.4.2 II Ω k = 0.0 II Ω k = Ω tot II Ω k = : II 31
32 6.4.3 III III Planck Ω tot = 0.25 Ω Λ = 0.75 Ω k = III 3 III t = : III(Ω tot = 0.25, Ω Λ = 0.75, Ω k = 0.0)
33 7 33
34 [1] p165-p.194 ( 1996 ) [2] p.200-p.201 ( 2010 ) [3] ( 2008 ) [4] I ( 2008 ) [5] II ( 2007 ) [6] Timeline of the Universe [7] miw/wadai/ip3/06/10/10.html [8] [9] JFreeChart 34
2009 2 26 1 3 1.1.................................................. 3 1.2..................................................... 3 1.3...................................................... 3 1.4.....................................................
64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () m/s : : a) b) kg/m kg/m k
63 3 Section 3.1 g 3.1 3.1: : 64 3 g=9.85 m/s 2 g=9.791 m/s 2 36, km ( ) 1 () 2 () 3 9.8 m/s 2 3.2 3.2: : a) b) 5 15 4 1 1. 1 3 14. 1 3 kg/m 3 2 3.3 1 3 5.8 1 3 kg/m 3 3 2.65 1 3 kg/m 3 4 6 m 3.1. 65 5
LLG-R8.Nisus.pdf
d M d t = γ M H + α M d M d t M γ [ 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α γ γ = gµ B h g g µ B h / π γ g = γ = 1.76 10 [ 7 1/ ( Oe sec) ] α α = λ γ λ λ λ α γ α α H α = γ H ω ω H α α H K K H K / M 1 1 > 0 α 1 M > 0 γ α γ =
,,.,,.,.,,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,,..,, CMB
,,.,,.,.,,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,,..,,. 1 3 2 3 2.1............................................. 3 2.2 CMB............................................... 5 2.3........................................... 7 2.4.............................................
Gmech08.dvi
145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2
Gmech08.dvi
51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r
1. z dr er r sinθ dϕ eϕ r dθ eθ dr θ dr dθ r x 0 ϕ r sinθ dϕ r sinθ dϕ y dr dr er r dθ eθ r sinθ dϕ eϕ 2. (r, θ, φ) 2 dr 1 h r dr 1 e r h θ dθ 1 e θ h
IB IIA 1 1 r, θ, φ 1 (r, θ, φ)., r, θ, φ 0 r
4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.
A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c
1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2
2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6
6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2
![6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2](/thumbs/92/109118076.jpg "6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2")
1 6 6.1 (??) (P = ρ rad /3) ρ rad T 4 d(ρv ) + PdV = 0 (6.1) dρ rad ρ rad + 4 da a = 0 (6.2) dt T + da a = 0 T 1 a (6.3) ( ) n ρ m = n (m + 12 ) m v2 = n (m + 32 ) T, P = nt (6.4) (6.1) d [(nm + 32 ] )a
重力方向に基づくコントローラの向き決定方法
( ) 2/Sep 09 1 ( ) ( ) 3 2 X w, Y w, Z w +X w = +Y w = +Z w = 1 X c, Y c, Z c X c, Y c, Z c X w, Y w, Z w Y c Z c X c 1: X c, Y c, Z c Kentaro Yamaguchi@bandainamcogames.co.jp 1 M M v 0, v 1, v 2 v 0 v
.2 ρ dv dt = ρk grad p + 3 η grad (divv) + η 2 v.3 divh = 0, rote + c H t = 0 dive = ρ, H = 0, E = ρ, roth c E t = c ρv E + H c t = 0 H c E t = c ρv T
NHK 204 2 0 203 2 24 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 25 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 26 ( ) 7 00 7 50 203 2 27 ( ) 7 00 7 50 I. ( ν R n 2 ) m 2 n m, R = e 2 8πε 0 hca B =.09737 0 7 m ( ν = ) λ a B = 4πε 0ħ 2 m e e 2 = 5.2977
TOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 6 3 6.1................................ 3 6.2.............................. 4 6.3................................ 5 6.4.......................... 6 6.5......................
tomocci ,. :,,,, Lie,,,, Einstein, Newton. 1 M n C. s, M p. M f, p d ds f = dxµ p ds µ f p, X p = X µ µ p = dxµ ds µ p. µ, X µ.,. p,. T M p.
tomocci 18 7 5...,. :,,,, Lie,,,, Einstein, Newton. 1 M n C. s, M p. M f, p d ds f = dxµ p ds µ f p, X p = X µ µ p = dxµ ds µ p. µ, X µ.,. p,. T M p. M F (M), X(F (M)).. T M p e i = e µ i µ. a a = a i
t = h x z z = h z = t (x, z) (v x (x, z, t), v z (x, z, t)) ρ v x x + v z z = 0 (1) 2-2. (v x, v z ) φ(x, z, t) v x = φ x, v z
I 1 m 2 l k 2 x = 0 x 1 x 1 2 x 2 g x x 2 x 1 m k m 1-1. L x 1, x 2, ẋ 1, ẋ 2 ẋ 1 x = 0 1-2. 2 Q = x 1 + x 2 2 q = x 2 x 1 l L Q, q, Q, q M = 2m µ = m 2 1-3. Q q 1-4. 2 x 2 = h 1 x 1 t = 0 2 1 t x 1 (t)
gr09.dvi
.1, θ, ϕ d = A, t dt + B, t dtd + C, t d + D, t dθ +in θdϕ.1.1 t { = f1,t t = f,t { D, t = B, t =.1. t A, tdt e φ,t dt, C, td e λ,t d.1.3,t, t d = e φ,t dt + e λ,t d + dθ +in θdϕ.1.4 { = f1,t t = f,t {
O x y z O ( O ) O (O ) 3 x y z O O x v t = t = 0 ( 1 ) O t = 0 c t r = ct P (x, y, z) r 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 (t, x, y, z) (ct) 2 x 2 y 2 z 2 = 0
9 O y O ( O ) O (O ) 3 y O O v t = t = 0 ( ) O t = 0 t r = t P (, y, ) r = + y + (t,, y, ) (t) y = 0 () ( )O O t (t ) y = 0 () (t) y = (t ) y = 0 (3) O O v O O v O O O y y O O v P(, y,, t) t (, y,, t )
arxiv: v1(astro-ph.co)
arxiv:1311.0281v1(astro-ph.co) R µν 1 2 Rg µν + Λg µν = 8πG c 4 T µν Λ f(r) R f(r) Galileon φ(t) Massive Gravity etc... Action S = d 4 x g (L GG + L m ) L GG = K(φ,X) G 3 (φ,x)φ + G 4 (φ,x)r + G 4X (φ)
( : December 27, 2015) CONTENTS I. 1 II. 2 III. 2 IV. 3 V. 5 VI. 6 VII. 7 VIII. 9 I. 1 f(x) f (x) y = f(x) x ϕ(r) (gradient) ϕ(r) (gradϕ(r) ) ( ) ϕ(r)
( : December 27, 215 CONTENTS I. 1 II. 2 III. 2 IV. 3 V. 5 VI. 6 VII. 7 VIII. 9 I. 1 f(x f (x y f(x x ϕ(r (gradient ϕ(r (gradϕ(r ( ϕ(r r ϕ r xi + yj + zk ϕ(r ϕ(r x i + ϕ(r y j + ϕ(r z k (1.1 ϕ(r ϕ(r i
TOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 1 19 3 19.1................... 3 19.............................. 4 19.3............................... 6 19.4.............................. 8 19.5.............................
( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) (
6 20 ( ) sin, cos, tan sin, cos, tan, arcsin, arccos, arctan. π 2 sin π 2, 0 cos π, π 2 < tan < π 2 () ( 2 2 lim 2 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 3 sin (2) lim 5 0 = 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 7 4 5 8 4 9 3 4 a 3 b
I? 3 1 3 1.1?................................. 3 1.2?............................... 3 1.3!................................... 3 2 4 2.1........................................ 4 2.2.......................................
20 15 14.6 15.3 14.9 15.7 16.0 15.7 13.4 14.5 13.7 14.2 10 10 13 16 19 22 1 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2,500 59,862 56,384 2,000 42,662 44,211 40,639 37,323 1,500 33,408 34,472
- 2 -
- 2 - - 3 - (1) (2) (3) (1) - 4 - ~ - 5 - (2) - 6 - (1) (1) - 7 - - 8 - (i) (ii) (iii) (ii) (iii) (ii) 10 - 9 - (3) - 10 - (3) - 11 - - 12 - (1) - 13 - - 14 - (2) - 15 - - 16 - (3) - 17 - - 18 - (4) -
2 1980 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 0 0 6 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 5 5 2 4 4 4 0 3 3 0 9 10 10 9 1 1
1 1979 6 24 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 6 0 0 6 2 4 4 4 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 3? 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 2 15 4 4 15 0 1 2 1980 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 0 0 6 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 4
1 (1) (2)
1 2 (1) (2) (3) 3-78 - 1 (1) (2) - 79 - i) ii) iii) (3) (4) (5) (6) - 80 - (7) (8) (9) (10) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) i) - 81 - ii) (a) (b) 3 (1) (2) - 82 - - 83 - - 84 - - 85 - - 86 - (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
TOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc2.com/ 1 30 3 30.1.............. 3 30.2........................... 4 30.3...................... 5 30.4........................ 6 30.5.................................. 8 30.6...............................
K E N Z U 01 7 16 HP M. 1 1 4 1.1 3.......................... 4 1.................................... 4 1..1..................................... 4 1...................................... 5................................
TOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 3.............................. 3.............................. 4.3 4................... 5.4........................ 6.5........................ 8.6...........................7
D = [a, b] [c, d] D ij P ij (ξ ij, η ij ) f S(f,, {P ij }) S(f,, {P ij }) = = k m i=1 j=1 m n f(ξ ij, η ij )(x i x i 1 )(y j y j 1 ) = i=1 j
![D = [a, b] [c, d] D ij P ij (ξ ij, η ij ) f S(f,, {P ij }) S(f,, {P ij }) = = k m i=1 j=1 m n f(ξ ij, η ij )(x i x i 1 )(y j y j 1 ) = i=1 j](/thumbs/103/158001152.jpg "D = [a, b] [c, d] D ij P ij (ξ ij, η ij ) f S(f,, {P ij }) S(f,, {P ij }) = = k m i=1 j=1 m n f(ξ ij, η ij )(x i x i 1 )(y j y j 1 ) = i=1 j")
6 6.. [, b] [, d] ij P ij ξ ij, η ij f Sf,, {P ij } Sf,, {P ij } k m i j m fξ ij, η ij i i j j i j i m i j k i i j j m i i j j k i i j j kb d {P ij } lim Sf,, {P ij} kb d f, k [, b] [, d] f, d kb d 6..
all.dvi
38 5 Cauchy.,,,,., σ.,, 3,,. 5.1 Cauchy (a) (b) (a) (b) 5.1: 5.1. Cauchy 39 F Q Newton F F F Q F Q 5.2: n n ds df n ( 5.1). df n n df(n) df n, t n. t n = df n (5.1) ds 40 5 Cauchy t l n mds df n 5.3: t
1 ( ) Einstein, Robertson-Walker metric, R µν R 2 g µν + Λg µν = 8πG c 4 T µν, (1) ( ds 2 = c 2 dt 2 + a(t) 2 dr 2 ) + 1 Kr 2 r2 dω 2, (2) (ȧ ) 2 H 2
1 ( ) Einstein, Robertson-Walker metric, R µν R 2 g µν + Λg µν = 8πG c 4 T µν, (1) ( ds 2 = c 2 dt 2 + a(t) 2 dr 2 ) + 1 Kr 2 r2 dω 2, (2) (ȧ ) 2 H 2 = 8πG a 3c 2 ρ Kc2 a 2 + Λc2 3 (3), ä a = 4πG Λc2 (ρ
微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.
微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)
QMII_10.dvi
65 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1 H H () = E (), (1.1) H ν () = E ν () ν (). (1.) () () = δ, (1.3) μ () ν () = δ(μ ν). (1.4) E E ν () E () H 1.1: H α(t) = c (t) () + dνc ν (t) ν (), (1.5) H () () + dν ν () ν () = 1 (1.6)
LNSC2010_HK.dvi
1 1 1.1.......... 1 1.2........... 3 1.3.......... 4 1.4.... 5 2 7 2.1........ 7 2.2........ 8 2.3............. 9 2.4.......... 10 2.5.... 12 2.5.1........... 12 2.5.2....... 13 2.6........... 14 2.6.1.......
untitled
kajino@nao.ac.jp http://th.nao.ac.jp/~gkajino/? BIG-BANG! STARS SUPERNOVAE? R-PROCESS COSMIC-RAYS R S N=50) R S N=82) R S N=126) ++ + Actinide AGB STARS S-PROCESS 232 Th (14.05Gy) P 238 U (4.47 Gy) SUPERNOVA-γ
5 H Boltzmann Einstein Brown 5.1 Onsager [ ] Tr Tr Tr = dγ (5.1) A(p, q) Â 0 = Tr Âe βĥ0 Tr e βĥ0 = dγ e βh 0(p,q) A(p, q) dγ e βh 0(p,q) (5.2) e βĥ0
![5 H Boltzmann Einstein Brown 5.1 Onsager [ ] Tr Tr Tr = dγ (5.1) A(p, q) Â 0 = Tr Âe βĥ0 Tr e βĥ0 = dγ e βh 0(p,q) A(p, q) dγ e βh 0(p,q) (5.2) e βĥ0](/thumbs/99/141438380.jpg "5 H Boltzmann Einstein Brown 5.1 Onsager [ ] Tr Tr Tr = dγ (5.1) A(p, q) Â 0 = Tr Âe βĥ0 Tr e βĥ0 = dγ e βh 0(p,q) A(p, q) dγ e βh 0(p,q) (5.2) e βĥ0")
5 H Boltzmann Einstein Brown 5.1 Onsager [ ] Tr Tr Tr = dγ (5.1) A(p, q) Â = Tr Âe βĥ Tr e βĥ = dγ e βh (p,q) A(p, q) dγ e βh (p,q) (5.2) e βĥ A(p, q) p q Â(t) = Tr Â(t)e βĥ Tr e βĥ = dγ() e βĥ(p(),q())
4‐E ) キュリー温度を利用した消磁：熱消磁
( ) () x C x = T T c T T c 4D ) ) Fe Ni Fe Fe Ni (Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe 462 Fe76 Ni36 4E ) ) (Fe) 463 4F ) ) ( ) Fe HeNe 17 Fe Fe Fe HeNe 464 Ni Ni Ni HeNe 465 466 (2) Al PtO 2 (liq) 467 4G ) Al 468 Al ( 468
(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {
![(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {](/thumbs/94/118399854.jpg "(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {")
7 4.., ], ], ydy, ], 3], y + y dy 3, ], ], + y + ydy 4, ], ], y ydy ydy y y ] 3 3 ] 3 y + y dy y + 3 y3 5 + 9 3 ] 3 + y + ydy 5 6 3 + 9 ] 3 73 6 y + y + y ] 3 + 3 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 ] 4 y y dy y ] 3 y3 83 3
A
A05-132 2010 2 11 1 1 3 1.1.......................................... 3 1.2..................................... 3 1.3..................................... 3 2 4 2.1............................... 4 2.2
untitled
20 11 1 KEK 2 (cosmological perturbation theory) CMB R. Durrer, The theory of CMB Anisotropies, astro-ph/0109522; A. Liddle and D. Lyth, Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure (Cambridge University
医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.
医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987
Big Bang Planck Big Bang 1 43 Planck Planck quantum gravity Planck Grand Unified Theories: GUTs X X W X 1 15 ev 197 Glashow Georgi 1 14 GeV 1 2
12 Big Bang 12.1 Big Bang Big Bang 12.1 1-5 1 32 K 1 19 GeV 1-4 time after the Big Bang [ s ] 1-3 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 1 2 inflationary epoch gravity strong electromagnetic weak 1 27 K 1 14 GeV 1 15 K 1 2 GeV
Untitled
II 14 14-7-8 8/4 II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ 6/ ] Navier Stokes 3 [ ] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I 1 balance law t (ρv i )+ j
= M + M + M + M M + =.,. f = < ρ, > ρ ρ. ρ f. = ρ = = ± = log 4 = = = ± f = k k ρ. k
7 b f n f} d = b f n f d,. 5,. [ ] ɛ >, n ɛ + + n < ɛ. m. n m log + < n m. n lim sin kπ sin kπ } k π sin = n n n. k= 4 f, y = r + s, y = rs f rs = f + r + sf y + rsf yy + f y. f = f =, f = sin. 5 f f =.
85 4
85 4 86 Copright c 005 Kumanekosha 4.1 ( ) ( t ) t, t 4.1.1 t Step! (Step 1) (, 0) (Step ) ±V t (, t) I Check! P P V t π 54 t = 0 + V (, t) π θ : = θ : π ) θ = π ± sin ± cos t = 0 (, 0) = sin π V + t +V
Bose-Einstein Hawking Hawking Hawking Hawking nk Hawking Bose-Einstein Hawking 1 Bekenstein[1] Hawking 1974 [2,
![Bose-Einstein Hawking Hawking Hawking Hawking nk Hawking Bose-Einstein Hawking 1 Bekenstein[1] Hawking 1974 [2,](/thumbs/96/127226526.jpg "Bose-Einstein Hawking Hawking Hawking Hawking nk Hawking Bose-Einstein Hawking 1 Bekenstein[1] Hawking 1974 [2,")
Bose-Einstein Hawking E-mail: moinai@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp Hawking Hawking Hawking nk Hawking Bose-Einstein Hawking 1 Bekenstein[1] Hawking 1974 [2, 3] Hawking Hawking 6nK Hawking Hawking 3K Hawking Hawking
l µ l µ l 0 (1, x r, y r, z r ) 1 r (1, x r, y r, z r ) l µ g µν η µν 2ml µ l ν 1 2m r 2mx r 2 2my r 2 2mz r 2 2mx r 2 1 2mx2 2mxy 2mxz 2my r 2mz 2 r
2 1 (7a)(7b) λ i( w w ) + [ w + w ] 1 + w w l 2 0 Re(γ) α (7a)(7b) 2 γ 0, ( w) 2 1, w 1 γ (1) l µ, λ j γ l 2 0 Re(γ) α, λ w + w i( w w ) 1 + w w γ γ 1 w 1 r [x2 + y 2 + z 2 ] 1/2 ( w) 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
125-1.dvi
Vol.44, No.1&2 (2017) 1 14 An Interpretation on Structural Realism to Spacetime Used in Big-Bang Cosmology Is Space Really Expanding? Sho FUJITA Abstract This paper discusses a philosophical answer about
1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0
1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 0 < t < τ I II 0 No.2 2 C x y x y > 0 x 0 x > b a dx
A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan A(0, 0) π A π
4 4.1 4.1.1 A = f() = f() = a f (a) = f() (a, f(a)) = f() (a, f(a)) f(a) = f 0 (a)( a) 4.1 (4, ) = f() = f () = 1 = f (4) = 1 4 4 (4, ) = 1 ( 4) 4 = 1 4 + 1 17 18 4 4.1 A (1) = 4 A( 1, 4) 1 A 4 () = tan
all.dvi
72 9 Hooke,,,. Hooke. 9.1 Hooke 1 Hooke. 1, 1 Hooke. σ, ε, Young. σ ε (9.1), Young. τ γ G τ Gγ (9.2) X 1, X 2. Poisson, Poisson ν. ν ε 22 (9.) ε 11 F F X 2 X 1 9.1: Poisson 9.1. Hooke 7 Young Poisson G
I-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co
16 I ( ) (1) I-1 I-2 I-3 (2) I-1 ( ) (100 ) 2l x x = 0 y t y(x, t) y(±l, t) = 0 m T g y(x, t) l y(x, t) c = 2 y(x, t) c 2 2 y(x, t) = g (A) t 2 x 2 T/m (1) y 0 (x) y 0 (x) = g c 2 (l2 x 2 ) (B) (2) (1)
c y /2 ddy = = 2π sin θ /2 dθd /2 [ ] 2π cos θ d = log 2 + a 2 d = log 2 + a 2 = log 2 + a a 2 d d + 2 = l
![c y /2 ddy = = 2π sin θ /2 dθd /2 [ ] 2π cos θ d = log 2 + a 2 d = log 2 + a 2 = log 2 + a a 2 d d + 2 = l](/thumbs/85/91372642.jpg "c y /2 ddy = = 2π sin θ /2 dθd /2 [ ] 2π cos θ d = log 2 + a 2 d = log 2 + a 2 = log 2 + a a 2 d d + 2 = l")
c 28. 2, y 2, θ = cos θ y = sin θ 2 3, y, 3, θ, ϕ = sin θ cos ϕ 3 y = sin θ sin ϕ 4 = cos θ 5.2 2 e, e y 2 e, e θ e = cos θ e sin θ e θ 6 e y = sin θ e + cos θ e θ 7.3 sgn sgn = = { = + > 2 < 8.4 a b 2
2000年度『数学展望 I』講義録
2000 I I IV I II 2000 I I IV I-IV. i ii 3.10 (http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ kanai/) 2000 A....1 B....4 C....10 D....13 E....17 Brouwer A....21 B....26 C....33 D....39 E. Sperner...45 F....48 A....53
inflation.key
2 2 G M 0 0-5 ϕ / M G 0 L SUGRA = 1 2 er + eg ij Dµ φ i Dµ φ j 1 2 eg2 D (a) D +ieg ij χ j σ µ Dµ χ i + eϵ µνρσ ψ µ σ ν Dρ ψ σ 1 4 ef (ab) R F (a) [ ] + i 2 e λ (a) σ µ Dµ λ (a) + λ (a) σ µ Dµ λ (a) 1
21 2 26 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 3 2 9 2.1................... 9 2.2.......... 9 2.3................... 11 2.4....................... 12 3 15 3.1..........
5 c P 5 kn n t π (.5 P 7 MP π (.5 n t n cos π. MP 6 4 t sin π 6 cos π 6.7 MP 4 P P N i i i i N i j F j ii N i i ii F j i i N ii li i F j i ij li i i i
i j ij i j ii,, i j ij ij ij (, P P P P θ N θ P P cosθ N F N P cosθ F Psinθ P P F P P θ N P cos θ cos θ cosθ F P sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ 5 c P 5 kn n t π (.5 P 7 MP π (.5 n t n cos π. MP 6 4 t sin π 6
III,..
III,.. 7.1, :. j I (= ) : [Ω, Ω + dω] dw dω = sin θ dθ dφ dw j I [1/s] [1/s m 2 ] = dσ [m2 ]. dσ dω [m2 ] :., σ tot = dσ = dω dσ dω [m2 ] :. 2.4 章では非定常状態の摂動論を用いて 入射平面波 eik x 摂動 ON 入射平面波 + 散乱平面波 X k0 0
振動工学に基礎
Ky Words. ω. ω.3 osω snω.4 ω snω ω osω.5 .6 ω osω snω.7 ω ω ( sn( ω φ.7 ( ω os( ω φ.8 ω ( ω sn( ω φ.9 ω anφ / ω ω φ ω T ω T s π T π. ω Hz ω. T π π rad/s π ω π T. T ω φ 6. 6. 4. 4... -... -. -4. -4. -6.
( ) Note Ω m = 1 Ω m : ( ) r-process α 1: 2 32T h(t 1/2 = y) 2 38U(t 1/2 = y) 2 35U(t 1/2 = 7.038
( ) Note 4 19 11 22 6 6.1 1 Ω m = 1 Ω m.3 6.1.1 : ( ) r-process α 1: 2 32T h(t 1/2 = 1.45 1 1 y) 2 38U(t 1/2 = 4.468 1 9 y) 2 35U(t 1/2 = 7.38 1 8 y) 2 44Pu(t 1/2 = 8.26 1 7 y) β / (J.A.Johnson and M.Bolte:
1
1 1.. ( ) ( ) ( ) (A) E icb φ Et = + cdiva ct (H3) (B) ( ) ct ct ' ctct ' + ' = ' ct ' + ct ' i( ') (H3,H18) 3 (i) cosh Ψ = cosh ΘcoshΩ sinhψ sinhθ sinhω cosh Ψ cosh Θ cosh Ω = sinhψ sinhθ sinhω tanhψ
() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)
0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()
A
A04-164 2008 2 13 1 4 1.1.......................................... 4 1.2..................................... 4 1.3..................................... 4 1.4..................................... 5 2
x,, z v = (, b, c) v v 2 + b 2 + c 2 x,, z 1 i = (1, 0, 0), j = (0, 1, 0), k = (0, 0, 1) v 1 = ( 1, b 1, c 1 ), v 2 = ( 2, b 2, c 2 ) v
12 -- 1 4 2009 9 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 c 2011 1/(13) 4--1 2009 9 3 x,, z v = (, b, c) v v 2 + b 2 + c 2 x,, z 1 i = (1, 0, 0), j = (0, 1, 0), k = (0, 0, 1) v 1 = ( 1, b 1, c 1 ), v 2
5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E
5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E 2, S 1 N 1 = S 2 N 2 2 (chemical potential) µ S N
n=1 1 n 2 = π = π f(z) f(z) 2 f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) *1 f (z) u(x, y), v(x, y) f(z) f (z) = f/ x u x = v y, u y = v x
n= n 2 = π2 6 3 2 28 + 4 + 9 + = π2 6 2 f(z) f(z) 2 f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) * f (z) u(x, y), v(x, y) f(z) f (z) = f/ x u x = v y, u y = v x f x = i f y * u, v 3 3. 3 f(t) = u(t) + v(t) [, b] f(t)dt = u(t)dt
Einstein ( ) YITP
Einstein ( ) 2013 8 21 YITP 0. massivegravity Massive spin 2 field theory Fierz-Pauli (FP ) Kinetic term L (2) EH = 1 2 [ λh µν λ h µν λ h λ h 2 µ h µλ ν h νλ + 2 µ h µλ λ h], (1) Mass term FP L mass =
<4D F736F F D B B83578B6594BB2D834A836F815B82D082C88C602E646F63>
スピントロニクスの基礎 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/077461 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 1 2 ii 3 5 4 AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistance effect) GMR (giant magnetoresistance
II 2 II
II 2 II 2005 yugami@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp 2005 4 1 1 2 5 2.1.................................... 5 2.2................................. 6 2.3............................. 6 2.4.................................
吸収分光.PDF
3 Rb 1 1 4 1.1 4 1. 4 5.1 5. 5 3 8 3.1 8 4 1 4.1 External Cavity Laser Diode: ECLD 1 4. 1 4.3 Polarization Beam Splitter: PBS 13 4.4 Photo Diode: PD 13 4.5 13 4.6 13 5 Rb 14 6 15 6.1 ECLD 15 6. 15 6.3
ψ(, v = u + v = (5.1 u = ψ, v = ψ (5.2 ψ 2 P P F ig.23 ds d d n P flow v : d/ds = (d/ds, d/ds 9 n=(d/ds, d/ds ds 2 = d 2 d v n P ψ( ψ
KENZOU 28 8 9 9/6 4 1 2 3 4 2 2 5 2 2 5.1............................................. 2 5.2......................................... 3 5.2.1........................................ 3 5.2.2...............................
x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x
[ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),
QCD 1 QCD GeV 2014 QCD 2015 QCD SU(3) QCD A µ g µν QCD 1
QCD 1 QCD GeV 2014 QCD 2015 QCD SU(3) QCD A µ g µν QCD 1 (vierbein) QCD QCD 1 1: QCD QCD Γ ρ µν A µ R σ µνρ F µν g µν A µ Lagrangian gr TrFµν F µν No. Yes. Yes. No. No! Yes! [1] Nash & Sen [2] Riemann
II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re
![II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re](/thumbs/94/118770263.jpg "II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re")
II 29 7 29-7-27 ( ) (7/31) II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I Euler Navier
量子力学 問題
3 : 203 : 0. H = 0 0 2 6 0 () = 6, 2 = 2, 3 = 3 3 H 6 2 3 ϵ,2,3 (2) ψ = (, 2, 3 ) ψ Hψ H (3) P i = i i P P 2 = P 2 P 3 = P 3 P = O, P 2 i = P i (4) P + P 2 + P 3 = E 3 (5) i ϵ ip i H 0 0 (6) R = 0 0 [H,
05Mar2001_tune.dvi
2001 3 5 COD 1 1.1 u d2 u + ku =0 (1) dt2 u = a exp(pt) (2) p = ± k (3) k>0k = ω 2 exp(±iωt) (4) k
20 4 20 i 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2............................ 4 2 11 2.1................... 11 2.2......................... 11 2.3....................... 19 3 25 3.1.............................
δ ij δ ij ˆx ˆx ŷ ŷ ẑ ẑ 0, ˆx ŷ ŷ ˆx ẑ, ŷ ẑ ẑ ŷ ẑ, ẑ ˆx ˆx ẑ ŷ, a b a x ˆx + a y ŷ + a z ẑ b x ˆx + b
23 2 2.1 n n r x, y, z ˆx ŷ ẑ 1 a a x ˆx + a y ŷ + a z ẑ 2.1.1 3 a iˆx i. 2.1.2 i1 i j k e x e y e z 3 a b a i b i i 1, 2, 3 x y z ˆx i ˆx j δ ij, 2.1.3 n a b a i b i a i b i a x b x + a y b y + a z b
N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e
3 3 5 5 5 3 3 7 5 33 5 33 9 5 8 > e > f U f U u u > u ue u e u ue u ue u e u e u u e u u e u N cos s s cos ψ e e e e 3 3 e e 3 e 3 e 3 > A A > A E A f A A f A [ ] f A A e > > A e[ ] > f A E A < < f ; >
1. (8) (1) (x + y) + (x + y) = 0 () (x + y ) 5xy = 0 (3) (x y + 3y 3 ) (x 3 + xy ) = 0 (4) x tan y x y + x = 0 (5) x = y + x + y (6) = x + y 1 x y 3 (
1 1.1 (1) (1 + x) + (1 + y) = 0 () x + y = 0 (3) xy = x (4) x(y + 3) + y(y + 3) = 0 (5) (a + y ) = x ax a (6) x y 1 + y x 1 = 0 (7) cos x + sin x cos y = 0 (8) = tan y tan x (9) = (y 1) tan x (10) (1 +
Gauss Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = Q (1) xy σ (x, y, z) (2) a ρ(x, y, z) = x 2 + y 2 (r, θ, φ) (1) xy A Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = ɛ 0 EA Q = ρa ɛ 0 EA = ρea E = (ρ/ɛ 0 )e
7 -a 7 -a February 4, 2007 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1 Gauss Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = Q (1) xy σ (x, y, z) (2) a ρ(x, y, z) = x 2 + y 2 (r, θ, φ) (1) xy A Gauss ɛ 0 E ds = ɛ 0 EA Q = ρa ɛ 0 EA = ρea E = (ρ/ɛ 0 )e z
/ Christopher Essex Radiation and the Violation of Bilinearity in the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Planet.Space Sci.32 (1984) 1035 Radiat
/ Christopher Essex Radiation and the Violation of Bilinearity in the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Planet.Space Sci.32 (1984) 1035 Radiation and the Continuing Failure of the Bilinear Formalism,
B 1 B.1.......................... 1 B.1.1................. 1 B.1.2................. 2 B.2........................... 5 B.2.1.......................... 5 B.2.2.................. 6 B.2.3..................
(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x
![(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x](/thumbs/104/162595168.jpg "(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x")
Compton Scattering Beaming exp [i k x ωt] k λ k π/λ ω πν k ω/c k x ωt ω k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag + ++ x β ct, x O O x O O v k α k α β, γ k γ k βk, k γ k + βk k γ k k, k γ k + βk 3 k k 4 k 3 k
I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT
I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345
p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ
II p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ Ψ Ψ 2 0 x P'(x) m d 2 x = mω 2 x = kx = F(x) dt 2 x = cos(ωt + φ) mω 2 = k ω = m k v = dx = -ωsin(ωt + φ) dt = d 2 x dt 2 0 y v θ P(x,y) θ = ωt + φ ν = ω [Hz] 2π
chap9.dvi
9 AR (i) (ii) MA (iii) (iv) (v) 9.1 2 1 AR 1 9.1.1 S S y j = (α i + β i j) D ij + η j, η j = ρ S η j S + ε j (j =1,,T) (1) i=1 {ε j } i.i.d(,σ 2 ) η j (j ) D ij j i S 1 S =1 D ij =1 S>1 S =4 (1) y j =
Note.tex 2008/09/19( )
1 20 9 19 2 1 5 1.1........................ 5 1.2............................. 8 2 9 2.1............................. 9 2.2.............................. 10 3 13 3.1.............................. 13 3.2..................................
Untitled
http://www.ike-dyn.ritsumei.ac.jp/ hyoo/dynamics.html 1 (i) (ii) 2 (i) (ii) (*) [1] 2 1 3 1.1................................ 3 1.2..................................... 3 2 4 2.1....................................
30
3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................
H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978)
27 3 27 ) Ising Landau Synergetics Fokker-Planck F-P Landau F-P Gizburg-Landau G-L G-L Bénard/ Hopfield H.Haken Synergetics 2nd (1978) (1) Ising m T T C 1: m h Hamiltonian H = J ij S i S j h i S
1 (1) () (3) I 0 3 I I d θ = L () dt θ L L θ I d θ = L = κθ (3) dt κ T I T = π κ (4) T I κ κ κ L l a θ L r δr δl L θ ϕ ϕ = rθ (5) l
1 1 ϕ ϕ ϕ S F F = ϕ (1) S 1: F 1 1 (1) () (3) I 0 3 I I d θ = L () dt θ L L θ I d θ = L = κθ (3) dt κ T I T = π κ (4) T I κ κ κ L l a θ L r δr δl L θ ϕ ϕ = rθ (5) l : l r δr θ πrδr δf (1) (5) δf = ϕ πrδr
x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ dt iωζ = ẍ + ω2 x (2.1) ζ ζ = Aωe iωt = Aω cos ωt + iaω sin
2 2.1 F (t) 2.1.1 mẍ + kx = F (t). m ẍ + ω 2 x = F (t)/m ω = k/m. 1 : (ẋ, x) x = A sin ωt, ẋ = Aω cos ωt 1 2-1 x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ