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1 63 Pupil Premium 1. Pupil Premium Children Service Dedicated Schools Grant

2 64 Dedicated Schools Grant Pupil Premium Pupil Premium Department for Education Dedicated Schools Grant: Schools Brock Funding for years old 11 Academy Grants, 0.65, 1% Education Service Grant, 0.82, 2% Pupil Premium, 2.54, 5% Dedicated Schools Grant:Early years, 2.2, 4% Dedicated Schools High Needs Brock, 5.2, 11% Funding for Year olds, 7.14, 15% Dedicated Schools Grant:Schools Brock, 30.7,62%

3 65 Dedicated Schools Grant: High Needs Block Dedicates Schools Grant DSG Pupil-led Funding LA 5 6 Local Authority LA LA LA 7 2 DSG Free School Meals FSM , DSG 201 City of London 8, Hackney 6, , York 4, , Milton Keynes 4, , Surrey 4, ,

4 66 1 LA 8 Hackney 8 FSM 4 9 City of London York Milton Keynes Surrey FSM single per pupil amount social deprivation prior attainment English as an additional language pupil mobility looked after children differential salaries of teachers near London LA LA social deprivation prior attainment English as an additional language looked after children 3 Pupil Premium DSG 1 Pupil Premium Pupil Premium Pupil Premium FSM

5 DSG Pupil Premium 4 Pupil Premium Pupil Premium 2 Department for Education Pupil Premium Specific measures to raise attainment of disadvantaged pupils Pupil Premium 6 1. School Funding 2. 2 Pupil Premium

6 68 School autonomy Pupil Premium 3. Better quality teaching 4. Smarter Performance measures 5. Focussed inspection 6. School Improvement Pupil Premium Award Ofsted Pupil Premium Pupil Premium Performance 11 6 Key Stage 2 National Curriculum Assessments 16 Key Stage 4 General Certificate of Secondary Education 11 6 Key Stage General Certificate of Secondary Education A A B C D E F G 8 A A C Pupil Premium 11 Key Stage 2 16 Key Stage 4 11 Key Stage gap index Key Stage 4 13 GCSE C gap index

7 Key Stage 2 disadvantaged puil gap index key stage 2 gap index 3 11 Key Stage Key Stage 4 disadvantaged puil gap index key stage 4 gap index 4 16 Key Stage4 Water Hall

8 70 3. Water Hall Water Hall Water Hall Primary School Milton Keynes Milton Keynes 14 1 Water Hall Water Hall FSM 58 Milton Keynes Ofsted Outstanding Milton Keynes School Business Manager 2 Family Supporter Community Teacher 45 Water Hall Pupil Premium 15 School Business Manager

9 71 2 Pupil Premium DSG Pupil Premium Pupil Premium Water Hall Pupil Premium Pupil Premium 194, , Family Supporter ECAC Every Child A Counter ECAR Every Child A Reader ICT 2 Water Hall ( ) 1,365, , Pupil Premium 91, , , ,705, Water Hall Pupil Premium ( ) Food (Toast, juice, cereal) 5,400 Training 2,816 ICT ICT Equipment 51,000 Books 2,590 ( ) Staff wages (ECAC, ECAR, Family Support Worker, TA) 117, ,401

10 72 Water Hall 3 Water Hall embed values Water Hall Royal Institute of British Architects DSG Wyatt McLaren 18 Story Telling Room 6 5 Water Hall Wyatt McLaren 19

11 キャメロン連立政権下におけるイギリス教育財政改革の特質 73 が教室を飛び出したときに 一人で 落ち着いて戻ってくるための訓練を 行うことにも適しているとのことで あった また 朝 児童が学校の図 書室で準備されている朝食を済ま せ 中庭を通って教室に入るときに 授業に集中していく姿勢が生まれや すいとの効果も期待されている 図 7 の Story Telling Room 物語 の部屋 は 最新の 4 次元投影機 を Pupil Premium 器 4D Interaction により導入したという経緯がある 機器は表 3 における ICT 設備とし て購入されている 生活体験や社会 体験 自然体験に乏しい児童たち 図6 に バーチャルであっても経験を積 Water Hall 小学校の中庭通路 ませ 想像力を養うために導入され た施設であるとの副校長の説明で あった 筆者たちが訪問した時間に は 図 7 の中央にあるスクリーン に投影された浜辺に打ち寄せられ たガラス瓶に入った手紙の画像か ら 誰がこの手紙を流したのだろ う どこから流れ着いたのだろ う と児童たちが様々に想像をひ ろげる授業が行われていた 副校長 の この子たちの大半は海を見ない まま一生を過ごすことでしょう と の言葉が 筆者には忘れられない 図7 Story Telling Room 物語の部屋 で学習する Water Hall 小学校の児童 こうしためぐまれた条件の教育施設は 1 節に述べたように 子どもの貧困対策の実施機関 として学校が役割をはたすために整備されている ただし子どもへの働きかけのみでは 保 護者の生活習慣改善は難しいため 学校は保護者に対するサービスを提供する拠点 プラッ トフォーム でもある 図 8 の調理実習施設は 図 9 のポスターのように保護者向けの料理 教室 Cooking on a budget としても利用されている また図書館も地域に開かれており 利用呼びかけのポスターも掲示されていた 保護者世代も貧困の連鎖の中で 生活体験や読

12 74 キャメロン連立政権下におけるイギリス教育財政改革の特質 書等の文化的体験が不足している その不足を学校が補い できること ならば保護者自身の生活環境の改善 や それによる子どもの生活環境の 改善を実現したいという意図で 地 域サービスが実施されている 子どもたちの学力向上を成果指 標 と し た 場 合 に は 教 育 評 価 局 Ofsted の評価でも最高レベルを 獲得しているように 成果が顕著と いえるが 保護者自身の生活水準や 図8 貧困の連鎖の改善には 学校も困難 Water Hall 小学校の調理実習施設 を感じている状況にある とはいえ イギリスの義務教育に おいて Pupil Premium がどのように 活用されているのか 教育活動の充 実と結び付けて予算を活用している 好例が Water Hall 小学校の事例と いえる 4. 考察 本稿では キャメロン連立政権下 におけるイギリス教育財政改革の特 質について Pupil Premium による 学校改善と子どもの貧困への対応を 中心に検討を行った その特質をまとめると以下のよう 図9 保護者向け料理教室 Cooking on a Budget の ポスター 左 と図書館メンバー参加の呼び かけポスター 右 になろう 1 学校特定交付金 DSG と Pupil Premium という 2 つの財源による不利な状況にある 子どもへの傾斜配分 イギリスの義務教育では 予算配分において学校特定交付金 DSG と Pupil Premium と いう 2 つの財源において 貧困をはじめとする社会経済的に不利な子どもへの傾斜配分が行 われている 子どもの貧困指標が 教育財政配分に大きく影響する仕組みという評価ができ る 学校の基盤予算である学校特定交付金 DSG により安定した学校運営が実現された

13 75 Pupil Premium 2 Performance Pupil Premium Pupil Premium Pupil Premium School Improvement Water Hall Water Hall Academy Water Hall Academy

14 76 B , 2 Chris James, 2012, Trends in the Governance and Governing of Schools in England, Local Government Studies, Birmingham University, vol.40.no.6, p.897. DOI: / , Dedicated Schools Grant 12 pp , : 34 pp Philip Dixon Angela Fairchild Milton Keynes Norman Miles Michael Bracey 8 Department for Education, 2015, Dedicated schools grant 2015 to 2016: allocations table FSM The Gurdian, Education in London: pupils by race, poverty and language for every local authority authorityhttp:// 10 Education Funding Agancy,2013, Dedicated schools Grant: Departmental guide for local authorities on the operation of the grant , p.6

15 77 DSG_Operational_Guide_ _-_Feb_2014.pdf 11 Department for Education, Pupil premium: funding and accountability for schools, Simon Rich Water Hall Anthony Draper Becky McGuire Kay Greenhalgh Beverly Suckling Milton Keynes Norman Miles Michael Bracey 15 Department for Education, School and college performance tables school.pl?urn=110322& superview=pri 16 Milton Keynes Council, Section 251 Budget and Outturn Statements section-251-budget-and-outurn-statements 17 Water Hall Primary School 18 Wyatt McLaren 19 Wyatt McLaren

16 78

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