1 r 8, , 238 N, Z 28, 50, 82, 126 r cm cm 3 1,000 1 s s slow s 8 s 2 2 s s * 1 * 2 * 3 1 N 50, 82, s * r

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1 r shinya.wanajo@nao.ac.jp r r r r r 1. r r r r r 1.1 r

2 1 r 8, , 238 N, Z 28, 50, 82, 126 r cm cm 3 1,000 1 s s slow s 8 s 2 2 s s * 1 * 2 * 3 1 N 50, 82, s * r Xe 136 Xe 134 Ba 136 Ba s * 2 1 * 3 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82,

3 2 r 3 s Bi r r rapid 1 r r r 1 2 s 3 s r r * 4 s r 1, 2, 3 r s r N 50, 82, 126 r 1 s r 197 Au 194 Pt, 195 Pt, 196 Pt, 198 Pt 3 r r 2 r 2 r cm 3 s 4 10 km cm 3 * s r

4 S Y e 20 km r erg erg erg 1 * 5 9 r * erg erg

5 n ν e ν e n p e 1 p ν e ν e p n e 2 Y e 1 Y e 1 Y e 0 4 He 2 α Y e 2/ Fe Y e 26/ Y e 0.5 Y e Y e 9 Y e Y e Y e 9 Y e Y e ΔY e r Y e α r 30 α r r Y e

6 1 r km Y e , 0.20, 0.15 r 4 Y e 0.30, 0.20, 0.15 Y e Y e Y e 0.30, 0.20, , 60, r 105, 150, 190 r 3 Y e 0.2 S S r Y e Y e r Y e km 1990 r Woosley r 10 r Y e 0.4 S 100 Woosley r S 400 r S 10 S T 3 /ρ 4 T ρ

7 100 α α α n 9 Be 5 9 Be α 12 C n ρ r 3 r 3 ( S/230) > 1 ( S > 100) ( Y /0.40)( τ /0.02 s) e τ 1/3 τ 30 r r Y e τ 0.02 s 12 7 r , 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, S 130 S * 6 7 Y e r , 20 2 * 7 * km 10 km

8 , , 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 Woosley r S 400 S 200 r * 8 * r r Y e r Y e 0.1 r * 7 10 km km 2.9 * 8 * 9 GRB B r r

9 8 Y e r 8 Y e 0.05 Y e 0.1 r r 50 r Y e 20 km 27, Y e 1 2 Y e Y e 28 Y e 10 Y e Y e r r Y e

10 Y e 28 Y e ΔY e r r * S α 30 r Y e *

11 Y e Y e r 31 Y e Y e r r 4. r Y e r α r r r r 7 r r r 33 r 1 r r 2.1 Hans-Thomas Janka Bernhard Müller

12 Käppeler F., Beer H., Wisshak K., 1989, Reports on Progress in Physics 52, Cowan J. J., Pfeiffer B., Kratz K.-L., Thielemann F.-K., Sneden C., Burles S., Tytler D., Beers T. C., 1999, ApJ 521, Kratz K.-L., Bitouzet J.-P., Thielemann F.-K., Möller P., Pfeiffer B., 1993, ApJ 403, Hillebrandt W., Nomoto K., Wolff G., 1984, A&A 133, Sumiyoshi K., Terasawa M., Mathews G. J., Kajino T., Yamada S., Suzuki H., 2001, ApJ 562, Wanajo S., Tamamura M., Itoh N., Nomoto K., Ishimaru Y., Beers T. C., Nozawa S., 2003, ApJ 593, Janka H.-T., Hanke F., Hüdepohl L., et al., 2012, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 01A309 9 Wanajo S., Janka H.-T., Müller B., 2011, ApJ, 726, L15 10 Woosley S. E., Wilson J. R., Mathews G. J., Hoffman R. D., Meyer B. S., 1994, ApJ 433, Hoffman R. D., Woosley S. E., Qian Y.-Z., 1997, ApJ 482, Wanajo S., 2013, ApJ 770, L22 13 Roberts L. F., 2012, ApJ 755, Martínez-Pinedo G., Fischer T., Lohs A., Huther L., 2012, Physical Review Letters 109, Roberts L. F., Reddy S., Shen G., 2012, Physical Review C 86, Fischer T., Martínez-Pinedo G., Hempel M., Liebendörfer M., 2012, Physical Review D 85, Cardall C. Y., Fuller G. M., 1997, ApJ 486, L Wanajo S., Kajino T., Mathews G. J., Otsuki K., 2001, ApJ 554, Demorest P. B., Pennucci T., Ransom S. M., Roberts M. S. E., Hessels J. W. T., 2010, Nature 467, Antoniadis J., et al., 2013, Science 340, Lattimer J. M., 2011, Ap&SS 336, Tanvir N. R., Levan A. J., Fruchter A. S., et al., 2013, Nature 500, Hotokezaka K., Kyutoku K., Tanaka M., Kiuchi K., Sekiguchi Y., Shibata M., Wanajo S., 2013, ApJ 778, L16 24 Tanaka M., Hotokezaka K., Kyutoku K., Wanajo S., Kiuchi K., Sekiguchi Y., Shibata M., 2013, ApJ, in press 25 Goriely S., Bauswein A., Janka H.-T., 2011, ApJ 738, L32 26 Korobkin O., Rosswog S., Arcones A., Winteler C., 2012, MNRAS 426, Sekiguchi Y., Kiuchi K., Kyutoku K., Shibata M., 2011, Physical Review Letters 107, Wanajo S., et al., 2013, in preparation 29 Hotokezaka K., Kiuchi K., Kyutoku K., Muranushi T., Sekiguchi Y., Shibata M., Taniguchi K., 2013, Physical Review D 88, Metzger B. D., Bower, G. C., 2013, MNRAS, in press 31 Wanajo S., Janka H.-T., 2012, ApJ 746, Fernández R., Metzger B. D., 2013, MNRAS 435, Ishimaru Y., Wanajo S., 1999, ApJ 511, L33 Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers As the Origin of r-process Elements Shinya Wanajo National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo , Japan Abstract: The astrophysical origin of r-process elements, such as gold and uranium that are made by the rapid neutron-capture process, is still unknown. This article reviews the recent progress of the r-process studies based on the detailed hydrodynamical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers

1 a b cc b * 1 Helioseismology * * r/r r/r a 1.3 FTD 9 11 Ω B ϕ α B p FTD 2 b Ω * 1 r, θ, ϕ ϕ * 2 *

1 a b cc b * 1 Helioseismology * * r/r r/r a 1.3 FTD 9 11 Ω B ϕ α B p FTD 2 b Ω * 1 r, θ, ϕ ϕ * 2 * 448 8542 1 e-mail: ymasada@auecc.aichi-edu.ac.jp 1. 400 400 1.1 10 1 1 5 1 11 2 3 4 656 2015 10 1 a b cc b 22 5 1.2 * 1 Helioseismology * 2 6 8 * 3 1 0.7 r/r 1.0 2 r/r 0.7 3 4 2a 1.3 FTD 9 11 Ω B ϕ α B

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