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3 17 11 =(2006) (1997) (2006) (2006) (2006) (2006) (2006)
4 (2008) - 2 -
5
6 (2006) (2007)
7 (2007)
8 (2007)
9 X2 X1 S D D' D D'X X (2007) (2007) N. Gregory Mankiw (2004) (2005)
10 D' D X2 X X2 X1 S D D' Miller(1993) 3-3 S S' X2 X (2007) DS' 3-2 D'S - 8 -
11 3-3 X3 X2 S' S D D' 3-4 S S' X1 X3 3-4 S' S D X3 X
12 , (a)
13 (b) (a)ln()= X1it+1it (b)ln()= X2it+i2it 14,14 X 12 i t
14 (2)(3)(5) (2)(3)(5) ,
15
16
17 0 Tobit Model Hausuman test (1) Tobit (2) Tobit (0.185) (0.252) (0.366) ** (0.321) (3) Tobit (0.246) (0.361) (0.317)
18 -1.880*** (0.248) *** (0.269) *** (0.271) (0.258) (0.262) *** (0.229) *** (0.228) ln() 2.607*** (0.103) 2.405*** (0.113) 2.662*** (0.153) ln() ** (0.428) (0.434) (0.525) ln() 1.065*** (0.165) 1.001*** (0.169) (0.286) ln( *** (0.513) *** (0.516) (0.716) (0.024) (0.024) (0.025) yes yes yes no no yes Observation Log Likelihood ****** 1510 ( ) (4) FE (5) FE (0.238) (0.034) (0.051) (0.047) *** (0.032) ** (0.363) *** (0.042) (0.033) ln() *** (1.509) *** (1.572) ln() 0.296** (0.124) 0.303** (0.124) ln() *** (0.211) *** (0.225) ln( (0.477) (0.478) 0.014*** (0.003) *** (0.003) yes yes no no
19 Observation R ****** 1510 ( ) (1) (2) 5 (3)(2) (4) (5) (1) 1(2)(3) 1 (4) 1(5) 1 1 (1) 5(2)(3)
20 (1)(2) 1 1 (1)(2) 1 (4) (5)
21 29 (2) ,
22 ).pdf
23 (2007)(2007) 1 3 (2007)
24
25
26 (2006) (2006) (2007) (2006) (2007) (2007) (2006) 88 (2008) (1997) (2006) (2007) 2006) (2006) =(2006) N. Gregory Mankiw (2004) Principles of Economics, 3 rd ed (2005) 1 2 Roger LeRoy Miller, Daniel K. Benjamin and Douglass C. North (1993) The Economics of Public Issues, 9 th ed (1995)
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