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1 2004 A1 10 4
2 µ + µ
3 1 2
4 T.H.Johnson [1][2][3] C.Stormer [4] G.Lemaitre M.S.Vallarta[5][6] [7] 20 M.Honda 1 [8] 1 (1) (2) 3
5 : CNO flux [8] π + µ + + ν µ π µ + ν µ 2.2 flux 4
6 2.2: cosθ = θ µ + + µ flux [8] 2.3 (1) (2) µ + µ i. (1) ii. (1) iii. µ + e + + ν e + ν µ µ e + ν e + ν µ Gev (2) 5
7 (1) (2) (1) 2 dp dt = qv B (2.1) p q v B rigidity rigidity Stromer (2.1) Stormer Lemaitre Vallarta (2.1) t t,q q ( 2.3) [9]: i. ii. iii. i ii iii (2.1) rigidity i ii iii rigidity cutoff [10] 2.4 µ rigidity cutoff 2 (2) µ + µ 6
8 2.3: (a) iii (b) i ii [15] 2.4: 15 Stormer Lemaitre [10] geomagnetic latitiude 22 N 7
9 2.5: 30 [10] rigidity cutoff ( 2.1) Honda [8] flux K.Nagashima [11] µ + µ (1) (1) [12][13] 3 Y.Kamiya [11] 3 8
10 rigidity cutoff µ ± µ + µ ( 2.6) 2.6: meson [13] µ + µ 20 ( 2.7): 2.7: µ + µ µ + /µ [8] 9
11 : (2) (1) (a) rigidity cutoff (b) µ + µ asymmetry [5][6][10][14] (1) rigidity cutoff
12 NaI Plastic NaI Plastic coincidence NaI NaI NaI coincidence TDC 25,000 NaI , Discriminator threshold) 12mV 100ns Coincidence Divider Divider 2 2 Dual Gate Generator Gate Gate Gate (delay) 10µs delay 0s Delay 105ns delay TDC Gate TDC TDC Gate TDC Gate ns Gate Plastic NaI 11
13 NaI 1 NaI 2 Plastic Discriminator in out 1-A 1-B 2-A 2-B 3-A in in Coincidence Delay 105ns out out Divider start Dual Gate Generator out Gate TDC 3.1: NaI1 or Nal2 Plastic 100ns Gate 100ns 8 s 3.2: Gate 12
14 NaI NaI NaI 75cm 179.8cm 33cm 48.4cm Plastic 5.5cm NaI 41cm plastic 8.3cm 48.4cm 5.3cm 7.8cm 3.3: 98.5cm 149.8cm 3.4: 3.2 events Asymmetry 3.1: Channel1 Channel ( ) ( ) Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 13
15 3.2: - Channel1 Channel ( ) ( ) Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 3.3: Channel1 Channel ( ) ( ) Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 3.4: - Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( )
16 NaI Plastic Plastic NaI NaI NaI Poisson x x NaI Plastic Poisson Poisson x y Asymmetry u x y = η x + y = ξ u = η 100 (3.1) ξ η ξ u δη δξ δu δu u = ( δη η )2 + ( δξ ξ )2 (3.2) δη = x + y (3.3) δξ = x + y (3.4) δu x + y x + y u = ( x y )2 + ( x + y )2 (3.5) 3.3 Channel1 3.3 x = y = (3.5) ( ) u = δu = % % Asymmetry 2δu 15
17 3.5: Poisson δu 31.73% % δu δu δu δu δu δu 0.1 Asymmetry Asymmetry(%) - 3.6: Channel1 (%) 95% % 5.0( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Asymmetry(%) - 3.7: Channel2 (%) 95% % 4.3( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
18 3.5 1 asymmetry asymmetry (1) Plastic Plastic Asymmetry (2) Asymmetry
19 4 Plastic Asymmetry events Asymmetry 4.1: Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 4.2: Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 18
20 4.2 Asymmetry Plastic Asymmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry Plastic Asymmetry 4.3: Asymmetry Channel1 Channel2 Asymmetry % 5.0(0.66) 4.3(0.61) Asymmetry % 4.2(1.0) 3.7(0.97) % 0.8(1.2) 0.6(1.1) 4.4: Asymmetry Channel1 Channel2 Asymmetry % 2.1(0.66) 1.8(0.61) Asymmetry % 1.5(1.0) 1.6(0.96) % 0.6(1.2) 0.2(1.1) 4.3 Asymmetry Asymmetry Asymmetry u 1 Asymmetry u 2 D D = u 1 u 2 (4.1) u 1 u 2 D δu 1 δu 2 δd δd = (δu 1 ) 2 + (δu 2 ) 2 (4.2) Asymmetry
21 NaI Plastic NaI Plastic NaI Ch1 NaI Ch2 74cm 33cm 48.4cm Plastic PMT 41cm 5.1: 1 20
22 NaI 48.3cm 75cm 179.8cm 5.5cm NaI plastic 8.3cm 48.4cm 5.3cm 98.5cm 149.8cm 5.2: events Asymmetry 5.1: Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 5.2: Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 5.3: - Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) 21
23 5.4: - Channel1 Channel Asymmetry(%) ( ) ( ) Asymmetry 1% Asymmetry(%) - 5.5: Channel1 (%) 95% % 1.1( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Asymmetry(%) - 5.6: Channel2 (%) 95% % 1.0( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
24 6 6.1 asymmetry asymmetry 6.2 NaI
25 NaI - i.ch1 Ch2 913min ii.ch1 Ch2 906min i. ii. 7 7 Ch1 74count Ch2 78count Ch1 Asymmetry Ch
26 A1 25
27 [1] T.H.Johnson and J.C.Street Phys.Rev. 41, 690(1932) [2] T.H.Johnson Phys.Rev. 43, 307,381(1933) [3] T.H.Johnson Phys.Rev.48, 287(1935) [4] C.Stormer Astrophys. 1, 237(1930) [5] G.Lemaitre and M.S.Vallarta Phys.Rev.49,719(1936) [6] G.Lemaitre and M.S.Vallarta Phys.Rev.50,493(1936) [7] The Super-kamiokande Collaboration, T.Futagami et al Phys.Rev.Lett. 82,5194(1999) or astro-ph/ [8] M.Honda et al hep-ph/ [9] P.Lipari hep-ph/ [10] R.A.Alpher jour. Geophys. Res. 55, 437(1950) [11] K.Nagashima et al, Nuovo Cimento 12C, 173(1989) [12] L.I.Dorman Cosmic rays. (1974) North-Holland pub. [13] Y.Kamiya Jour. of Geomagn. and Geoelec. 14, No.4,191(1963) [14] T.H.Johnson Phys.Rev. 47, 91(1935) [15] B.Rossi Cosmic Rays McGraw Hill(1964) [16] G.F.Knoll (2002) 931p 26
Mｏｔｔ散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証
Mott Parity P2 Mott target Mott Parity Parity Γ = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 t P P ),,, ( 3 2 1 0 1 γ γ γ γ γ γ ν ν µ µ = = Γ 1 : : : Γ P P P P x x P ν ν µ µ vector axial vector ν ν µ µ γ γ Γ ν γ
24 10 10 1 2 1.1............................ 2 2 3 3 8 3.1............................ 8 3.2............................ 8 3.3.............................. 11 3.4........................ 12 3.5.........................
25 3 4
25 3 4 1 µ e + ν e +ν µ µ + e + +ν e + ν µ e e + TAC START STOP START veto START (2.04 ± 0.18)µs 1/2 STOP (2.09 ± 0.11)µs 1/8 G F /( c) 3 (1.21±0.09) 5 /GeV 2 (1.19±0.05) 5 /GeV 2 Weinberg θ W sin θ W
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![[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC](/thumbs/91/107208011.jpg "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC")
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC BS1 m1 PMT m2 BS2 PMT1 PMT ADC PMT2 α PMT α α = n ω n n Pn TMath::Poisson(x,[0]) 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 λ 1.5 ω n 2 = ( α 2 ) n n! e α 2 α 2 = λ = λn n! e λ Poisson Pn 0.1
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2005 2005 3 23 1 2 2 2 2.1 Muon.......................................... 2 2.2 Muon........................... 2 2.3................................. 3 2.4 Muon life time.........................................
2005 4 18 3 31 1 1 8 1.1.................................. 8 1.2............................... 8 1.3.......................... 8 1.4.............................. 9 1.5.............................. 9
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Stopped Muon 94S2003J 11 3 10 1 2 2 3 2.1 Muon : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 2.2 : : : : : : : : 4 2.3 : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 3 7 3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
(e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a
![(e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a](/thumbs/100/144882653.jpg "(e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a")
1 2 2.1 (e ) (µ ) (τ ) ( (ν e,e ) e- (ν µ,µ ) µ- (ν τ,τ ) τ- ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (SU(2) ) (W +,Z 0,W ) * 1) [ ] [ ] [ ] ν e ν µ ν τ e µ τ, e R,µ R,τ R (2.1a) L ( ) ) * 2) W Z 1/2 ( - ) d u + e + ν e 1 1 0 0
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( ) () x C x = T T c T T c 4D ) ) Fe Ni Fe Fe Ni (Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe 462 Fe76 Ni36 4E ) ) (Fe) 463 4F ) ) ( ) Fe HeNe 17 Fe Fe Fe HeNe 464 Ni Ni Ni HeNe 465 466 (2) Al PtO 2 (liq) 467 4G ) Al 468 Al ( 468
6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2
![6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2](/thumbs/92/109118076.jpg "6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2")
1 6 6.1 (??) (P = ρ rad /3) ρ rad T 4 d(ρv ) + PdV = 0 (6.1) dρ rad ρ rad + 4 da a = 0 (6.2) dt T + da a = 0 T 1 a (6.3) ( ) n ρ m = n (m + 12 ) m v2 = n (m + 32 ) T, P = nt (6.4) (6.1) d [(nm + 32 ] )a
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August 26, 2005 1 1 1.1...................................... 1 1.2......................... 4 1.3....................... 5 1.4.............. 7 1.5.................... 8 1.6 GIM..........................
W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge
![W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge](/thumbs/91/105929864.jpg "W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge")
22 2 24 W 1983 W ± Z 0 3 10 cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC 65000 18 ADC [ (µs)] = 0.0207[] 0.0151 (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ 2 2 1 20 µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (GeV) 2 G µ ( hc) 3 1 1 7 1.1.............................
I? 3 1 3 1.1?................................. 3 1.2?............................... 3 1.3!................................... 3 2 4 2.1........................................ 4 2.2.......................................
20 15 14.6 15.3 14.9 15.7 16.0 15.7 13.4 14.5 13.7 14.2 10 10 13 16 19 22 1 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2,500 59,862 56,384 2,000 42,662 44,211 40,639 37,323 1,500 33,408 34,472
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- γ 1929 γ - SI γ 137 Cs 662 kev γ NaI active target NaI γ NaI 2 NaI γ NaI(Tl) γ 2 NaI γ γ γ
- 28 2 15 - γ 1929 γ - SI γ 137 Cs 662 kev γ NaI active target NaI γ NaI 2 NaI γ NaI(Tl) γ 2 NaI γ γ 10 3 4 γ 1 3 2 γ 5 2.1..................................... 5 2.1.1.................... 5 2.1.2..............................
スーパーカミオカンデにおける 高エネルギーニュートリノ研究
2009 11 20 Cosmic Ray PD D M P4 ? CR M f M PD MOA M1 ν ν p+p+p+p 4 He +2e - +2ν e MeV e - + p n+ ν e γ e + + e - ν x + ν x p + p, γ + p π + X π µ + ν µ e + ν µ + ν e TeV p + p π + X π µ + ν µ e + ν µ +
9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) Ĥ0 ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ 0 ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ0 + Ĥint (
9 1. (Ti:Al 2 O 3 ) (DCM) (Cr:Al 2 O 3 ) (Cr:BeAl 2 O 4 ) 2. 2.1 Ĥ ψ n (r) ω n Schrödinger Ĥ ψ n (r) = ω n ψ n (r), (1) ω i ψ (r, t) = [Ĥ + Ĥint (t)] ψ (r, t), (2) Ĥ int (t) = eˆxe cos ωt ˆdE cos ωt, (3)
医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです.
医系の統計入門第 2 版 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/009192 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行時のものです. i 2 t 1. 2. 3 2 3. 6 4. 7 5. n 2 ν 6. 2 7. 2003 ii 2 2013 10 iii 1987
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(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x
![(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x](/thumbs/104/162595168.jpg "(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x")
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Microsoft Word - 11問題表紙（選択）.docx
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( ) 2002 1 1 1 1.1....................................... 1 1.1.1................................. 1 1.1.2................................. 1 1.1.3................... 3 1.1.4......................................
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