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1 kataoka.jun@waseda.jp totani@kuastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp kunihito.ioka@kek.jp 50 5 X ,

2 E 1 GeV E 10 GeV 1 2, X X , GeV 10 GeV 1 GeV GeV π

3 GeV E 2 GeV 2 GeV E 5 GeV 5 GeV E 10 GeV 10 GeV E 20 GeV 1 2 GeV, 2 5 GeV, 5 10 GeV, GeV 11 10, , 20 5 dn/de E Γ Γ 2.0 1GeV

4 3 1 5 GeV 11 a: b: A B A a C A a b 2.3 X 3 WMAP haze X North Polar Spur NPS WMAP haze WMAP Haze 2009 Planck 4 Planck NASA web GeV ROSAT 1.5 kev X NASA 12 4 WMAP haze WMAP haze 12 X 1990 ROSAT 2 kev X X NPS Northern

5 Arc X X NPS X kt 2 kev 2, cm erg km pc Galactic Center Lobe; GCL Bland-Hawthon erg Scoville 16 Expanding Molecular Ring; EMR GCL 17 Bland-Hawthon 14 1 NPS erg NPS

6 NPS Sgr A* X Sgr A* 300 Sgr B2 X X 300 Sgr A* erg/s X Sgr A* X

7 Sgr A* X erg erg/ 1 M s / M s M s / 1 Hα M82 Sgr A* Sgr A* RIAF radiatively inefficient accretion flow; Sgr A* 1,000 1, erg/ X X RIAF X kev 511 kev Hα Sgr A* Sgr A* 1,000 Sgr A* Sgr A* Sgr A* Sgr A East

8 γ GeV 25 WMAP haze 2 μg WMAP haze WMAP 6 γ GeV TeV ev

9 TeV TeV CTA π WMAP haze π cm 3 π 140 MeV TeV CTA π IceCube 100 TeV 28 CTA ev knee ev ankle knee ankle IceCube

10 2 26, Cen A , 3 X X 2 kev 2 X MAXI

11 X CCD SSC GSC 0.5 kev 30 kev MAXI X kev kev X NPS X 2014 Astro-H kev X X 10 kev X Hard X-ray Imager CTA Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA TeV 1 20 GeV 100 TeV 1,000 TeV 2 10 GeV CTA Meng Su

12 , , Lukasz Stawarz, , , , , , , , Dobler G., et al., 2010, ApJ 717, Su M., et al., ApJ 724, planck html 13 Sofue Y., and Handa T., 1984, Nature 310, Bland-Hawthorn J., Cohen M., ApJ 582, Kaifu N., Kato T., Iguchi T., 1972, Nature 238, Scoville N. Z., 1972, ApJ 175, L Sofue Y. 2000, ApJ 540, , Koyama K., et al., 1996, PASJ 48, Murakami H., et al., 2000, ApJ 534, Nobukawa M., Ryu S. G., Tsuru T. G., Koyama K., 2011, ApJ 739, L52 22 Matsunaga N., et al., Nature 477, Narayan R., McClintock J. E., 2005, ApJ 623, Totani T., 2006, PASJ Chang J. et al., 2008, Nature 456, Cheng K. S., et al., 2011, ApJ 731, L17 27 Crocker R. M., Aharonian F., 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, Lunardini C., Razzaque S., 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, Cheng K. S., et al., ApJ 746, Mertsch P., Sarkar S., 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, Abdo A., et al., 2010, Science 328, Pakull M. W., Soria R., Motch C., 2010, Nature 466, 209 Giant Gamma-Ray Bubbles Discovered with Fermi-LAT: Probing the Past Activity of Our Galactic Center Jun Kataoka Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan Tomonori Totani Department of Astronomy, School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan Kunihito Ioka KEK Theory Center and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Oho, Tsukuba , Japan Abstract: Fermi-LAT has discovered two giant gamma-ray bubbles, extending over 50 degrees above and below the Galactic center GC. The morphology is spatially correlated with WMAP haze, and the edges of the bubbles also line up with North Polar Spur in the ROSAT X-ray maps. We discuss possible episode of creating such giant bubbles with energy injection of the GC in the past. A very hard gamma-ray spectrum suggests these bubbles are likely site of high energy cosmic-ray acceleration

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