感覚系における人工臓器 ─人工網膜

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1 人工臓器 最近の進歩 Hiroyuki KANDA, Takashi FUJIKADO 1. はじめに 2. 視覚のなり立ち 図 1 10 著者連絡先 kanda@sensory.med.osaka-u.ac.jp 1 3. 視覚障害 Quality of Life QOL ) 1 51 New estimates of visual impairment and blindness: 2010, WHO

2 図 1 4. 視覚系における人工臓器 Intraocular Lens IOL Visual Prosthesis 1 phosphene 2) 3) 4) 5) 14) 4 Retinal Prosthesis 4 5. 人工網膜 5) 図 2 phosphene 5 7 mm m 図 3 phosphene

3 図 2 図 mm 49 3 mm 15) 6. 人工網膜の研究動向 ) 南カリフォルニア大学 Second Sight 社グループ Humayun Second Sight Epi-retinal Stimulation 図 4A 2002 Argus, Second Sight ) Argus Second Sight Argus Argus ) phosphene cm 3 m QOL FLORA Functional Low-vision Obser ver Rated Assessment 66.7 positive effect 8) ) Humayun CEEU Argus

4 図 4 3 A Epi-retinal Stimulation B Sub-retinal Stimulation C Suprachoroidal-transretinal Stimulation STS 2) チュービンゲン大学 Retina Implant 社グループ Zrenner Retina Implant Sub-retinal Stimulation 図 4B Alpha IMS chip Retinal Implant LSI Alpha IMS chip ) cm Alpha IMS chip 3) 日本グループ 2001 Suprachoroidal-transretinal Stimulation STS 図 4C STS 10) 14) STS ) STS phosphene ) phosphene おわりに 2011 Second Sight FDA

5 文献 1) , ) Dobelle WH: Artificial vision for the blind by connecting a television camera to the visual cortex. ASAIO J 46: 3-9, ) Pezaris JS, Reid RC: Simulations of electrode placement for a thalamic visual prosthesis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56: 172-8, ) Veraar t C, Raftopoulos C, Mor timer JT, et al: Visual sensations produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanted self-sizing spiral cuff electrode. Brain Res 813: 181-6, ) Weiland JD, Cho AK, Humayun MS: Retinal prostheses: current clinical results and future needs. Ophthalmology 118: , ) Humayun MS, Weiland JD, Fujii GY, et al: Visual perception in a blind subject with a chronic microelectronic retinal prosthesis. Vision Res 43: , ) Humayun MS, Dorn JD, da Cruz L, et al: Interim results from the inter national trial of Second Sight s visual prosthesis. Ophthalmology 119: , ) Dorn JD, Geruschat D, Dagnelie G, et al: Functional vision and quality of life of Argus (R) II Retinal Prosthesis System users as measured by the Functional Low-vision Observer Rated Assessment (FLORA). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53: E-Abstract 5511, ) Zrenner E, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Benav H, et al: Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words. Proc Biol Sci 278: , ) Kanda H, Morimoto T, Fujikado T, et al: Electrophysiological studies of the feasibility of suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation for artificial vision in normal and RCS rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45: 560-6, ) Sakaguchi H, Fujikado T, Fang X, et al: Transretinal electrical stimulation with a suprachoroidal multichannel electrode in rabbit eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 48: , ) Nakauchi K, Fujikado T, Kanda H, et al: Transretinal electrical stimulation by an intrascleral multichannel electrode array in rabbit eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243: , ) Fujikado T, Morimoto T, Kanda H, et al: Evaluation of phosphenes elicited by extraocular stimulation in normals and by suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245: , ) Fujikado T, Kamei M, Sakaguchi H, et al: Testing of semichronically implanted r etinal prosthesis by suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52: , ) Santos A, Humayun MS, de Juan E Jr, et al: Preservation of the inner retina in retinitis pigmentosa. A morphometric analysis. Arch Ophthalmol 115: 511-5,

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