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1 CLINICAL STUDY ON FEMALE PATIENTS WITH BLADDER IRRITABILITY -Comparison between Cystitis and Urethral Syndrome- Mikio Koroku, Takaoki Hirose, Satoshi Takahashi and Yoshiaki Kumamoto Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University We analysed the clinical background of female who had no underlying disease but consulted out urology outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of symptoms of bladder irritation. Overally, 50.1% (102/200 cases) of the cases had urethral syndrome, without pyria or bacteriuria. Plotting of the age distribution of the urethral syndrome cases showed a bell-shaped curve, with the peak at the year-old age bracket. The age distribution for the cystitis cases showed two peaks: at years of age and years of age. These results indicate that the cases of urethral syndrome involve multiple factors with increasing age. Examination of the external genitalia revealed the urethral smear specimens to be positive for leukocytes in 48.9% (88/180 cases) of the total urethral syndrome cases and in 72.7% (16/22 cases) of the urethral syndrome cases positive for urethral bacteria. Accordingly, it was surmised that there is considerd to be a precursor of cystitis-as a cuase of urethral syndrome cases. In addition, the rates of detection of chlamydia trachomatis from the vagina and urethra of the urethral syndrome cases in the reproductive age range of (2/34 cases) for the urethra. However, these rates were about the same as those determined for healthy volunteers. Nevertheless, it was surmised that urethritis or vaginitis caused by C. trachomatis was one of the causes of the symptoms of bladder irritation in some of the cases. Accordingly, it was concluded that infection due to C. trachomatis cannot be ignored as a possible cause of urethral syndrome. Key words: cystitis, urethral syndrome, bladder irritability

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7 2) Bergman, A., Karran, M. and Bhatia, N. N.: Urethral Syndrome: A comparison of different treatment modalities. J. Reprod. Med., 34, , 1989, 3) Papapetropoulou, M. and Pappas, A.: The acute urethral syndrome in routine practice. J. Infect., 14, , ) Stamm, W. E., Wagner, K. F., Amsel, R., Alexander, E. R., Turck, M., Counts, G. W. and Holmes, K. K.: Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women. N. Engl. J. Med., 303, , ) Sand, P. K., Bowen, L. W., Ostergard, D. R., Bent, A. and Panganiba, R.: Cryosurgery versus dilation and massage for the treatment of recurrent urethral syndrome. J. Repro. Med., 34, , ) Mond, N. C., Percival, A., Williams, J. D. and Brumfitt, W.: Presentation, diagnosis and treatment of urinary-tract infections in general practice. Lancer, i, , ) Smith, P. J. B.: The management of the urethral syndrome. Br. J. Hosp. Med., 22, ,

8 1979, 9) Youngblood, V. H., Tomlin, E. M. and Davis, J. B.: Senile urethritis in women. J. Urol., 78, , 1957, 10) Clarke, B. G. and Gherardi, G. J.: Urethrotrigonitis or epidermidization of the trigone of the bladder A histologic, bacteriologic and clinical study. J. Urol., 87, , 1962, 11) Maskell, R., Pead, L. and Sanderson, R. A.: Fastidious bacteria and the urethral syndrome: A 2-year clinical and bacteriological study of 51 women. Lancet, 3, , 1983, 12) Kaskell, R., Pead, L. and Allen, J.: The puzzel of "urethral syndrome": A possible answer. Lancet, 1, 1058, 1979, 13) Brumfitt, W., Hamilton-miller, J. M. T., Ludlam, H. and Gooding, A.: Lactobacilli do not cause frequency and dysuria syndrome. Lancet, ii, , ) Gillespie, W. A., Henderson, E. P., Linton, K. B. and Smith, J. B.: Microbiology of the urethral (frequency and dysuria) syndrome. A controlled study with 5-year review. Br. J. Urol., 64, , 1989, 15) Stamey, T. A.: The role of introital enterobacteria in recurrent urinary infections. J. Urol., 109, , 1973, 16) O'Grady, F. W., Richards, B., McSherry, M. A., O'Farrell, SM. and Cattell, W. R.: Introital enterobacteria, urinary infection and the urethral syndrome. Lancet, ii, , ) Cox, C. E., Lacy, S. S. and Hinman, F. Jr.: The urethra and its relationship to urinary tract infection. II. The urethral flora of the female with recurrent urinary infection. J. Urol., 99, , ) Fair, W. R., Timothy, M. M., Millar, M. A. and Stamey, T. A.: Bactreriologic and hormonal observations of the urethra and vaginal vestibule in normal, premenopausal women. J. Urol., 104, , ) Moore, T. and Hira, N. R.: The role of the female urethra in infections of the urinary tract. Br. J. Urol., 37, 25-33, 1965, 21) Burney, P., Marson, W. S., Evans, M. and Forsey, T.: Chlamydia trachomatis and lower urinary tract symptoms among women in one general practice. Br. Med. J., 286, , 1983, 22) Tait, J., Peddie, B. A., Bailey, R. R., Arnold, E. P., Russell, G. L., Bishop, V. A. and Burry, A. F.: Urethral syndrome (abacterial cystitis) -Search for a pathogen. Br. J. Urol., 57, , ) Stamm, WE., Running, K., Mckevitt, M., Counts, G. W., Turck, M. and Holmes, K. K.: Treatment of the acute urethral syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med., 304, , ) Kaplan, W. E., Firlit, C. F. and Schoenberg, H. W.: The female urethral syndrome: External sphincter spasm as etiology. J. Urol., 124, 48-49, 1980.

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