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4 EC B2C 1 1 [2000] - 1 -
5 1980 von Hippel[1976] 2 2 [2000] - 2 -
6 N Von Hippel [1976] % 23% 0% Von Hippel [1977] 49 67% 21% 0% Von Hippel [1988] 10 90% 10% 0% 16 6% 94% 0% 5 10% 90% 0% 16 8% 92% 0% 12 42% 17% 33% 14 43% 14% 36% 20 11% 33% 56% Shaw [1985) 34 53% 47% 0% Voss [1985] 63 32% 67% 0% 3 [2000] [1980] [2000] point of sales 3-3 -
7 [2000] 4-4 -
8 2000 [2000]
9 [2000] 5 5 [1998] - 6 -
10 6 6 [1988] - 7 -
11 Amazon.com DVD 2040 Internet Watch [2000] - 8 -
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13 11 8, BART WALG 2001 shes.net 9 12 shesshes WALG shesshes panasense
14 OH YEAH! ware.com [sí:] 16 shes.net
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16 appetime
17 [1998] HP HP NetMail NetMail NetMail NetMail [1998] Term 24 [2002]
18 25 [2002a] [2002b] [2002] Design-to-OrderDTO 25 [2000]
19 elephant design elephant design CUUSOO CUUSOO tanomi.com
20 Food s-foo 29 Food s-foo [2002] Factory shes.net ,
21 imi imi
22 N (353) 42.9 (48) 24.1 (305) 23.3 (353) 30.2 (24) 21.7 (329)21.0 (353) 30.2 (44) 19.0 (309) 19.3 (353) 27.0 (21) 17.6 (332) (336) 29.2 (353) 44.4 (17) (353) 44.4 (18) 17.2 (335) 7.4 (353) 26.9 (26) 5.8 (327) % ( ) %
23 7.4% % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
24 imi ,
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32 KEIO SFC REVIEW No.3 (1988) INTERNET Watch2000 Amazon.com a Vol.35 No b Linux von Hippel, E. (1976), The dominant role of users in the scientific instruments innovation process., Research Policy, 5, von Hippel, E. (1977), The Dominant Role of the Users in Semiconductor and Electronic
33 Subassembly Process Innovation., IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-24, No. 2, May : von Hippel, E. (1988), The Sources of Innovation (Oxford University Pres, New York) Shaw, B. (1985), The Role of the Interaction between the User and the Manufacturer in Medical Equipment Innovation. R&D Management, 15, no. 4, October : Voss, C. A. (1985), The Role of Users in the Development of Application. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2 :
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