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1 TOEIC 1989; Ikemura 2001; 2002; 2004; 2006; 2007; 2007 CD [1]

4 CD

5 5 3 Stevens and Halle 1967 matching analysis-by-synthesis Baddeley 1986 phonological loop Baddeley et al, 1998 PET fmri 2007 Paulesu et al msec. holistic sound-processing system 420msec. 1 1 analytic sound-processing system phoneme restoration effectscovel

6 procedure-based architecture constraint-based architecture 1 1 module 2007

8 Baddeley phonological short-term store subvocal rehearsal 2

9 ; Lively et al Vanderplank 1988 Vanderplank ; 2008;

10 Suenobu et al

11 Cook , 2005; prosody shadowing content shadowing prosody shadowing

12 CD CD CD CD

13 , Calef, Piper, and Coffey 1999

14 14 e-learning throwaway vocabulary Nuttall 2005 Nuttall

15 p.102

16 , 2010 climb, skyrocket, soar, rise

17 CD CD 1 1 2

20 CD

21 : Language Studies16: Acquired SimilarityAcquired Distinctiveness Language Laboratory 18: : : : : : 85 95

22 22 Baddeley, A. (1986) Working memory. New York: Oxford University Press. Baddeley, A., C. Papagno and G. Vallar. (1998) When long-term learning depends on shortterm storage. Journal of Memory and Language 27: Baddeley, A. (2002) Is Working memory still Working? European Psychologist 7: Calef, T., Piper, M. and Coffey, B. (1999) Comparison of eye movements before and after a speed-reading course. Clinical Science, 70: Cook V.J. (1991) The poverty-of-the-stimulus argument and multi-competence. Second Language Research, 7: Ikemura, D. (2001) How Japanese learners recognize the English words they hear. pp Lively, S.E., Pisoni, D.B., Yamada R.A. and Tohkura, Y. (1994) Training Japanese listeners to identify English /r/ and /l/: III. Long-term retention of new phonetic categories. Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 96(4): Nuttall (2005). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language (2 nd ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Macmillan Education Paulesu, E., C.C. Frith and R.S. Frackowiak. (1993) The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 362: Stevens, K.N. and M. Halle. (1967) Remarks on analysis by synthesis and distinctive features. In W. Wathen-Dum (ed.) Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form, pp Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Suenobu, M., R. Young, K. Kanzaki and S. Yamane. (1982) An analysis of perceptual error: Effect of learning and mechanism of hearing. JACET Bulletin, 13: Vanderplank, R. (1988) Implication of differences in native and nonnative speaker approaches to listening. British Journal of Language Teaching, 26: Vanderplank, R. (1993) Pacing and spacing as predictors of difficulty in speaking and understanding English, ELT Journal, 47:

23 23 Abstract Understanding Listening Comprehension Process and Improving Japanese Learners Listening Ability MAYUMI NISHIHARA This paper discusses listening comprehension processes involved in learning English as a foreign language, based on a questionnaire study conducted at four-year universities and a senior high school. This paper aims to clarify the factors influencing English listening comprehension, and the related strategies and practice to be taken that may improve students listening comprehension. Through discussion, it will be shown that language teachers have to grasp the factors in each successive stage of listening comprehension, and design classroom activities and practice.

24 Andrew Gorringe John Anderson

25 THE KWASSUI REVIEW No. 55 The Department of English CONTENTS Understanding Listening Comprehension Process and Improving Japanese Learners Listening Ability Mayumi Nishihara Making Tests Using the Moodle Quiz Module Andrew Gorringe & John Anderson KWASSUI WOMEN S UNIVERSITY Nagasaki, Japan. March 2012

% 95% 2002, 2004, Dunkel 1986, p.100 1

% 95% 2002, 2004, Dunkel 1986, p.100 1 Blended Learning 要旨 / Moodle Blended Learning Moodle キーワード:Blended Learning Moodle 1 2008 Moodle e Blended Learning 2009.. 1994 2005 1 2 93% 95% 2002, 2004, 2011 2011 1 Dunkel 1986, p.100 1 Blended Learning