+ +

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "+ +"

りえたにしき
5 years ago
Views:

1 + +

2 ( ) if switch case

3 while for break include stdio.h stdlib.h string.h math.h main ( ) ( )

4 Dennis Ritchie OS Algol Pascal ( Algol ) Pascal ANSI C (American National Standards Institute) { Pascal begin end int a; Pascal a:integer; FORTRAN INTEGER A b=(a==10)?1:2; a++; t+=dt; if then else if a=10 then b=1 else B=2 a=a+1 t=t+dt char, int, float, double signed, unsigned, long, short

5 if, for while, do, switch, break, continue goto (1) 3 (2) (3) 1.4 ( ) (p ) ( 1.2) 2 ( 1.3) 1 ( 1.4)

6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (5) 1.6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1.7 cmd Enter )

7 ( ) Enter cd dir ( ) dir ( ) cd.. md dir ( ) ( )dir dir copy file1 file2 file1 file2 del file file [Enter] 1.9 fortran C hogehoge.exe =notepad.exe ).c gcc hogehoge.c -o hogehoge.exe ( hogehoge ) C

8 1 5 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ /* */ printf("hello, C, hello World!Y=n"); return(0); /* 0 */ hello.c gcc hello.c -o hello.exe hello

10 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ return(0); main C { void 1 stdio.h stdio.h main return 0 void int return C main 0 return

11 2 8 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ /* */ printf("hello!y=n"); printf(" 100 Y=n"); return(0); (1) (2) C C ; { / / // [ ] (1) n (2) Hello!... (2) (2) Hello! (3) Hello!

12 int ( ) long int float double printf 10 %d #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ /* 12 (10 ) */ printf("%dy=n", 12); /* (10 ) value= 12, 24 */ printf("value= %d, %dy=n", 12, 24); return(0); printf %d printf 2 12 %d 12 ( ) 10 0xaf a f A F 0x 0X

13 ( 1) = 291 ( 2) 16 1f a f 10 a=10, b=11, c=12, d=13, e=14, f= = 31 ( 3) a8 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ printf("%dy=n", 0x12); / = 18 / printf("%dy=n", 012); / = 10 / printf("%xy=n", 12); / , = c / printf("%oy=n", 12); / 12 = / returen(0); 0x %d %x %o ****************************************************************************** 10 %d e5 3.5e e e

14 2 11 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ printf("%fy=n", ); printf("%ey=n", ); printf("%fy=n", e+3); printf("%ey=n", e+3); printf("%ey=n", ); printf("%f, %ey=n", , e+3); return(0); printf (%d, %f, %e ) %f (18 ) %e (10 n ) 32 (float) ( ) * / % * (

15 2 12 *, / +, - () #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ printf("1.23e e-1 = %ey=n", 1.23e e-1); printf("1.23e e-1 = %ey=n", 1.23e e-1); printf("1.23e+1 * 2.45e-1 = %ey=n", 1.23e+1 * 2.45e-1); printf("1.23e+1 / 2.45e-1 = %ey=n", 1.23e+1 / 2.45e-1); printf(" = %dy=n", ); printf("10-7 = %dy=n", 10-7); printf("10 * 7 = %dy=n", 10 * 7); printf("10 / 7 = %dy=n", 10 / 7); printf("10 / 7 = %ey=n", 10 / 7); printf("10. / 7 = %ey=n", 10. / 7); printf("1.0e+1 / 7.0e+0 = %ey=n", 1.0e+1 / 7.0e+0); return(0); 10. printf [ 2-1] A G

16 (type) int float 1.23e6 double float char 3.2 p.24 int a; / ; / float b=0.0; / (. ) / double c, d; /, / auto, break, double 3.3 r = 3.5; / r 3.5 / n = n + 1; / n 1 /

17 3 14 j = i++; / j i i 1 / j = ++i; / i 1 j / j = i++; j = i; i = i + 1; j = ++i; i = i + 1; j = i; i--, --i int double float int int double float double double double double float float double float int, double float =

18 scanf #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ /* */ float w, d, h; // (w) (d) (h) float v; // (v) /* */ printf( "w = " ); scanf( "%f", &w ); printf( "d = " ); scanf( "%f", &d ); printf( "h = " ); scanf( "%f", &h ); /* */ v = w * d * h; /* */ printf( " v = %fy=n", v ); return(0); /* 0 */ scanf & scanf float double printf Y=n printf( "w, d, h=" ); scanf( "%d %d %d", &w, &d, &h ); / / [ 2-4]

19 3 16 r (2πr) (πr 2 ) (4πr 3 /3) (4πr 2 ) π #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> / / int main(void){ double a, b, c; / 3 a, b, c / double s, t; / s = (a + b + c)/2, t: / / a, b, c / printf( "a = " ); scanf( "%lf", &a ); printf( "b = " ); scanf( "%lf", &b ); printf( "c = " ); scanf( "%lf", &c ); / T T = s (s a) (s b) (s c), s = (a + b + c)/2 / s = ( a + b + c ) / 2.0; t = sqrt( s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c)); / / printf( " = %fy=n", t ); return(0); scanf %lf [ 2 5] a = 9, b = 12, c = 15

20 if if 1 2 if ( ) { 1 else { 2 else 1 2 { else if if ( 1){ 1 else if ( 2){ 2 else { n+1

21 if if 1 if (a==2) x=0.0; / a = 2 x 0.0 / else x=1.0; / x = 1.0 / if 2 if (a >= 1) { / a 1 / y=sin(x); else if ( (0 <= a) && (a < 1) ) { / 0 a < 1 / y=cos(x); else { / a < 0 / printf(" Y=n"); if 3 if (a!=0) { / a 0 / printf("game Over!Y=n"); if(a!=0) if(a) if (a==b) if (a=b) [ 4 1] p.44 List3-3 ( 5 )

22 4 19 [ 4 2] 2 B A B A ( 3-1 ) switch case switch case case switch case switch ( ) { case 1: case 2: 1 break; 2 break; case n: default: n break; n+1 switch break switch case if (else if)

23 4 20 [ 4 3] 64 List3-19 (scanf 3 ) [ 4 4] r

24 while while while ( ) { while n 1 n k = n (while ) k=1 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ int k, n; / / int sum; / / printf( "n = " ); scanf("%d", &n); / / k=1; sum=0; / k sum / while ( k <= n ) { sum = sum + k; / sum+=k; / k = k + 1; / k++; ++k; / printf(" 1 %d =%dy=n", n, sum); return(0);

25 5 22 [ 5 1] while printf k sum n = for while for for ( ; ; ) { for for while ; ; n 1 n k = n (for ) k=1 #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ int k, n; / / int sum; / / printf( "n = " ); scanf("%d", &n); / / sum=0; / sum / for ( k = 1; k <= n; k++ ) { sum = sum + k; / sum+=k; / printf(" 1 %d =%dy=n", n, sum); return(0);

26 5 23 [ 5 2] n for (for ) #include <stdio.h> int main(void){ int i, j, k; for (i=1; i<=9; i++) { for (j=1; j<=9; j++) { k = i * j; printf("%5d", k); printf("y=n"); return(0); for 1 for( n=10; n<=100; n+=10 ) / n+=10 n=n+10 / 2 for( x=0.0; x<=1.0; x+=0.125 ) / / 1 3 for( i=10; i>=1; i-- ) / / for( i=10; i<=1; i-- ) / / [ 5 3] n 1 n ( n 2 ) n for k 2 = 1 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) k=1 6

27 break break break; x ε if ( x < epsilon ) break; break #include <stdio.h> void main(){ int i, n, sum; sum=0; for(i=1; i<=10; i++) { / 10 / printf(" n="); scanf("%d", &n); / / if(n==-1) / n -1 / break; sum+=n; printf("sum=%dy=n", sum); 10-1 [ 5 4] break m m scanf

28 25 6 C , int point1, point2, point3, point4, point5; int point6, point7, point8, point9, point10;.,,., 10 (array).. int point[10];, point 10. point. point[0] = 55; point[1] = 73; point[2] = 69;. point[9] = 81; N 0 N 1. C 0.

29 (74,55,91,48,71,94,83,69), : #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: 4: int point[8]; /* :8 */ 5: int total; /* */ 6: float average; /* ( ) */ 7: int i; /* */ 8: point[0] = 74; 9: point[1] = 55; 10: point[2] = 91; 11: point[3] = 48; /* point */ 12: point[4] = 71; 13: point[5] = 94; 14: point[6] = 83; 15: point[7] = 69; 16: 17: /* */ 18: total = 0; 19: for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ ){ 20: total = total + point[i]; 21: 22: 23: /* */ 24: average = (float) total / 8.0e0; 25: 26: printf( "Total Point = %d\n", total); 27: printf( "Average Point = %f\n", average); 28: 29: return(0); 30: 6 2 (x, y) θ 6 2 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <math.h> 3: 4: int main (void){ 5: 6: float x[2]; /* */

30 6 27 7: float y[2]; /* */ 8: float theta, pi; /* */ 9: int i, j; /* */ 10: 11: float matrix[2][2]; /* */ 12: 13: printf(" x "); 14: scanf("%f %f", &x[0], &x[1]); /* scanf & */ 15: 16: printf(" [Deg]"); 17: scanf ("%f", &theta); /* scanf & */ 18: 19: /* */ 20: pi = 4.0e0 * atan(1.0e0); 21: 22: /* */ 23: theta = pi * theta / 180.0e0; 24: 25: /* */ 26: matrix[0][0] = cos (theta); 27: matrix[0][1] = -sin (theta); 28: matrix[1][0] = sin (theta); 29: matrix[1][1] = cos (theta); 30: 31: /* y[i] 0 */ 32: y[0] = 0.0e0; 33: y[1] = 0.0e0; 34: 35: 36: /* x[i] */ 37: for (i = 0; i < 2 ; i++){ 38: for (j = 0; j < 2 ; j++){ 39: y[i] = y[i] + matrix[i][j] * x[j]; 40: 41: 42: 43: /* */ 44: printf(" (%f, %f)\n", x[0], x[1]); 45: printf(" (%f, %f)\n", y[0], y[1]); 46: 47: return(0); 48:

31 , ( ).,. A 11 A 12 A 1M A 12. A A 2M. B 11 B 12 B 1N B 12. B B 2N. C 11 C 12 C 1N = C 12 C 22 C 2N..... (6.1) A L1... A LM B M1... B MN C L1... C LN,. M C ik = A ij B jk = C ik (i = 1, 2,... L, k = 1, 2,... N) (6.2) j=1, 2,. 6 3 A, B A = 0 7 1, B = : #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: 4: int matrixa[3][3] = {3,4,8,0,7,1,4,3,4; 5: int matrixb[3][3] = {1,5,0,0,9,3,3,2,4; 6: int matrixc[3][3] ; 7: int i, j, k; /* */ 8: /* matrixc 0 */ 9: 10: for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ){ 11: for ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j++ ){ 12: matrixc[i][j] = 0; 13: 14: 15 16: for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ){ 17: for ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j++ ){

32 : for ( k = 0 ; k < 3 ; k++ ){ 19: matrixc[i][k] = matrixc[i][k] 20: +matrixa[i][j]*matrixb[j][k]; 21: 22: 23: 24: printf("c[i, j] = \n"); 25: for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ){ 26: for ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j++ ){ 27: printf(" %3d ", matrixc[i][j]); 28: 29: printf("\n"); 30: 31: 32: return(0); 33:,. 4 matrixa, (C 0 ). matrixa[0][0] = 3; matrixa[0][1] = 4; matrixa[0][2] = 8; matrixa[1][0] = 0; matrixa[1][1] = 7; matrixa[1][2] = 1; matrixa[2][0] = 4; matrixa[2][1] = 3; matrixa[2][2] = 4; 6.3 (Char ),.,. kikai 5,. char moji[6]; 1. strcpy kikai.

33 kikai printf 6 4 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <string.h> /* strcpy */ 3: int main(void) 4: { 5: char moji[6]; /* 5 */ 6: strcpy( moji, "kikai" ); 7: printf( "moji = %s\n", moji); 8: 9: return(0); 10: C 0,. kikai moji. moji k i k a i 0 [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 6.4 A, B A = ( ) 2 4 5, B = No6-HW.c : arai@nuae.nagoya-u.ac.jp : ( ) 17:00 : 08XXXXXXX-No6-HW.c (XXXX ) Subject: 6

34 31 7 C,,,,. C,., 7.1, 2., int i;, i. int 1.,, ( )., i = 256;, i.,. i. a = &i;, &,., a, ( ). 7.2 a int float,.

35 7 32 int *a;, a a int,. 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: int i; /* i */ 4: int *a; /* a */ 5: i = 128; /* i 128 */ 6: a = &i; /* a i */ 7: return(0); 8: 6 a i ( 128 )., a.,. 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: int i; 4: int *a; 5: i = 128; 6: a = &i; 7: printf( "i = %d\n", *a); 8: return(0); 9: 7 7: printf( "i = %d\n", i);., *a *( ), a ( 128).,. 7.3, 10. int a[10];.

36 7 33 a , 10., a[0] p.,. int *p; p = &a[0]; C, p a, p + 1., p + i a[i] &a[i] a i, *(p + i), a[i]., a[0], &a[0] a, , 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: int a[1000]; 4: int i, total; 5: for ( i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i++ ){ 6: a[i] = i + 1; 7: 8: total = 0; 9: for ( i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i++ ){ 10 total = total + a[i]; 11: 12: printf( " %d\n", total); 13: return(0); 14

37 N N scanf 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: int main(void){ 3: int a[1000]; 4: int i, total, N; 5: printf("n = "); 6: scanf("%d", &N); 7: if ( N > 1000 ){ 8: printf("n 1000 \n"); 9: exit(0); 10: 11: for ( i = 0 ; i < N ; i++ ){ 12: *(a + i) = i + 1; 13: 14: total = 0; 15: for ( i = 0 ; i < N ; i++ ){ 16: total = total + *(a + i); 17: 18: printf( "1 N %d\n", total); 19: return(0); ,8,9 12, 16 scanf N 1000 a 7.4 ( ) (1000 ) ( )

38 7 35, malloc., 7 1, p = (int*) malloc( 1000*sizeof(int) );, 1000 * sizeof(int) 1000, p., malloc (int*), malloc char* ( ).,, (,, ) : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void){ 4: int *a; 5: int i, total; 6: a = (int*) malloc (1000 * sizeof(int)); 7: if ( a == NULL ){ 8: printf( " \n"); 9: exit(0); 10: 11: for ( i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i++ ){ 12: a[i] = i + 1; 13: 14: total = 0; 15: for ( i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i++ ){ 16: total = total + a[i]; 17: 18: printf( " = %d\n", total); 19: return(0); 20: 1, , 16 malloc NULL include a malloc (NULL) *(a + i)

39 scanf ( ) 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: void main(){ 4: int *p; 5: int a0, d, i, N; 6: printf(" "); 7: scanf("%d", &a0); 8: printf(" "); 9: scanf("%d", &d); 10: printf(" "); 11: scanf("%d", &N); 12: p = (int*) malloc ( N * sizeof(int) ); 13: for ( i = 0 ; i < N ; i++ ){ 14:... 15: scanf

40 37 8 C,., printf scanf C,. 8.1, 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void) { 4: printf("hello, world\n"); 5: return(0); 6:, printf (main). ( )., ( ) "hello, world" printf. printf.. 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 4: int main(void){ 5: double a, b; 6: a = e0/3.0e0; 7: b = cos(a); 8: printf("b = %f\n", b); 9: return(0); 10:

41 8 38 a = π/3 (cos) cos. math.h 2, cos printf, printf ( ).,. cos. 8.2 include printf, C, include. 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 3 include, include, stdio.h, stdlib.h math.h,.h. printf stdio.h, stdio.h. stdlib.h exit, cos, math.h stdio.h stdio.h include. stdio.h. close() ctermid() cuserid() fclose() feof() ferror() fileno() fopen() fread() fseek() getc() getchar() gets() lseek() open() pipe() popen() printf() putc() putchar() puts() read() scanf() setbuf() system() tmpfile() tmpnam() ungetc() write() stdlib.h calloc(), malloc(), stdlib.h.

42 8 39 abort() abs() atof() atoi() atol() bsearch() calloc() exit() free() getenv() malloc() mblen() mbstowcs() mbtowc() qsort() rand() realloc() srand() wcstombs() wctomb() string.h string.h. strcat() strncat() strdup() strcmp() strncmp() strcasecmp() strncasecmp() strcpy() strncpy() strlen() strchr() strrchr() strpbrk() strspn() strcspn() strstr() strtok() index() rindex() math.h math.h,. acos() asin() atan() atan2() ceil() cos() cosh() exp() fabs() floor() fmod() frexp() ldexp() log() log10() modf() pow() sin() sinh() sqrt() tan() tanh() 8.3 main (cos) 8 1 (60 ) ( ) 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 4: int main(void){ 5: float theta; /* 60 */ 6: float rad; /* */ 7: float pi = e0; /* */ 8: float get_radian( float ); /* get_radian 9: */ 10: printf(" (60 ) "); 11: scanf("%f", &theta); 12:

43 : /* 60 */ 14: rad = get_radian( theta ); 15: 16: /* */ 17: printf(" %f [rad] \n", rad); 18: printf(" %f [rad] \n", rad/pi); 19: return(0); 20: 21: 22: /* get_radian */ 23: float get_radian ( float a ) { 24: float b; 25: float pi = e0; 26: 27: b = a * pi / 180.0e0; 28: 29: /* */ 30: return ( b ); 31: get radian() ( ) float float 7: float get_radian( float ); 14 ( ) rad cos sin get radian 22 7 ( ) return( ) main C 8.4, a b, change()., (1),.

44 a b. 8 2 (1) ( ) 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void){ 4: int a = 3; 5: int b = 8; 6: void change( int, int ); 7: 8: printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b); 9: 10: change ( a, b ); 11: 12: printf(" \n"); 13: printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b); 14: return(0); 15: 16: 17: void change(int x, int y){ 18: int tmp1, tmp2; 19: tmp1 = x; 20: tmp2 = y; 21: x = tmp2; 22: y = tmp1; 23:, main., x, y., main( ),., ( tmp1 tmp2), main., 6 change, void., a b change, change,., ( ),. C,, ( ).,,.,. (1).

45 (2) ( ) 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void){ 4: int a = 3;1G 5: int b = 8; 6: void change( int*, int* ); 7: 8: printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b); 9: 10: change ( &a, &b ); 11: 12: printf(" \n"); 13: printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b); 14: return(0); 15: 16: 17: void change(int *x, int *y){ 18: int tmp1, tmp2; 19: tmp1 = *x; 20: tmp2 = *y; 21: *x = tmp2; 22: *y = tmp1; 23:, main change a b &a, &b. change, (*a, *b). ( ),. x, y 16 16: void change(int *x, int *y) x y, *x *y int x y int change 6: void change( int*, int* ); change ( int* &int ) C

46 ,..,. 8 3 N1 N2, ( x) σ ( σ 2 = 1 N (x i x) 2) N. i= : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 4: int main(void){ 5: int N1, N2; /* */ 6: int i, num, sum; /* num: sum: */ 7: float av, sigma; /* av: sigma: */ 8: int a[1000]; /* */ 9: /* */ 10: void get_sum_av ( int[], int, int*, float*, float* ); 11: printf("n1? "); 12: scanf("%d", &N1); 13: printf("n2? "); 14: scanf("%d", &N2); 15: num = N2 - N1 + 1; 16: if ( num > 1000 ) { 17: printf(" \n"); 18: exit(0); 19: 20: for ( i = 0 ; i < num ; i++ ){ 21: a[i] = N1 + i; 22: 23: /*! */ 24: get_sum_av ( a, num, &sum, &av, &sigma ); 25: printf(" %d\n", sum); 26: printf(" %f\n", av); 27: printf(" %f\n", sigma); 28: return(0); 29: 30: /* */ 31: void get_sum_av (int a[], int num, int *sum, float *av, float *sigma){ 32: int k; 33: float tmp; 34: for ( k = 0, *sum = 0 ; k < num ; k++ ){ 35: *sum = *sum + a[k];

47 : 37: *av = (float)(*sum) / (float)num; 38: for ( k = 0, tmp = 0.0e0 ; k < num ; k++ ){ 39: tmp = tmp + ( (float)a[k] - *av )*( (float)a[k] - *av ); 40: 41: *sigma = sqrt( tmp / (float)num ); 42: return; 43: get sum : void get_sum_av ( int[], int, int*, float*, float* ); void 24: get_sum_av ( int a[], int num, &sum, &av, &sigma ){ 31: void get_sum_av (int a[], int num, int *sum, float *av, float *sigma){ ( ) a ( 7 ) scanf 2. taiseki main. : arai@nuae.nagoya-u.ac.jp : ( ) 17:00 : 08XXXXXX-No8.c ( ) Subject: 8

48 (1)., 1 FILE. FILE *fp; fp (2), fopen,, 2. 1 FILE Structure

49 9 46 fp = fopen("testfile.c","r"); fp = fopen(f_name, "r"); (f_name[]),. ( ),,.,.. r : w : ( ) ( ) fopen., fp. (3) fclose,. fclose(fp); 9.2 fopen NULL., exit., exit stdlib.h,. if((fp = fopen("test.c","r")) == NULL){ printf("file can not open!\n"); exit(1); exit, 0, 0.

50 C fgetc : fgetc, 1. fp ( ) 1 (EOF = End Of File) char int int 2 FILE *fp; int moji; if((fp = fopen("input.dat.c","r")) == NULL){ printf("file can not open! \n"); exit(1); moji = fgetc(fp);... fputc : fputc,, 1. fp c(int ). FILE *fp; int c;... fputc(c, fp); fgets : fgets, char ( ) char EOF 3 MS-Windows PC <CR><LR> ( ) UNIX(Linux) <LF>, Machintosh <CR>

51 9 48 FILE *fp; char s[256];... fgets(s, 256, fp); fgets ( ) NULL fputs : fputs fgets ( ) 1 2, n ( n), n-1. fputs(s, 256, fp); 9 1 1, : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(voiod){ 4: int c; 5: char fname[24]; 6: FILE *fp; 7: 8: printf(" \n"); 9: scanf("%s", fname); 10: 11: if((fp = fopen(fname, "r")) == NULL){ 12: printf(" \n"); 13: exit(1); 14: 15: while((c = getc(fp))!= EOF) { 16: putchar(c); 17: 18: fclose(fp); 19: return(0); 20: ( ), getc EOF(-1), while.

52 , : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: 4: int main(void){ 5: char fname1[24], fname2[24]; 6: char buf[256]; 7: FILE *fp1, *fp2; 8: 9: printf(" \n"); 10: scanf("%s", fname1); 11: printf(" \n"); 12: scanf("%s", fname2); 13: 14: if((fp1 = fopen(fname1, "r")) == NULL){ 15: printf(" \n"); 16: exit(1); 17: 18: if((fp2 = fopen(fname2, "w")) == NULL){ 19: printf(" \n"); 20: exit(1); 21: 22: 23: while( fgets(buf, 256, fp1)!= NULL ) { 24: fputs(buf, fp2); 25: 26: fclose(fp1); 27: fclose(fp2); 28: return(0); 29: 24 fprintf(fp2, "%s", buf);

53 9 50 fprintf : fprintf,, printf.,. Hello World (fp).,. fprintf(fp, "Hello World\n"); fscanf : fscanf, scanf.. fp,, a. fscanf(fp, "%d", &a); 9 3 Arai 70 Matsumoto 85 Morita : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void){ 4: char name[256]; /* */ 5: char top_name[256]; /* */ 6: int point; /* */ 7: char fname[24]; /* */ 8: FILE *fp; /* */ 9: int max_point = 0; /* */ 10: 11: printf(" \n"); 12: scanf("%s", fname); 13: 14: if((fp = fopen(fname, "r")) == NULL){ 15: printf(" \n"); 16: exit(1); 17: 18:

54 /* while */ 20: while( fscanf(fp, "%s %d", name, &point )!= EOF ){ 21: 22: /* */ 23: if ( point > max_point ){ 24: 25: /*, max_point */ 26: max_point = point; 27: 28: /* top_name */ 29: strcpy( top_name, name ); 30: 31: 32: fclose(fp); 33: printf(" %s %d \n", top_name, max_point); 34: return(0); 35: fscanf EOF while name top name strcpy ( )

55 ( ) 1: #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: int main(void){ 4: char name[100][256];/* 100 */ 5: int point[100]; /* 100 */ 6: char fname[24]; /* */ 7: FILE *fp; /* */ 8: int index = 0; /* */ 9: int max_point = 0; /* */ 10: int i; /* */ 11: 12: printf(" \n"); 13: scanf("%s", fname); 14 15: if((fp = fopen(fname, "r")) == NULL){ 16: printf(" \n"); 17: exit(1); 18: 19: 20: /* for */ 21: /* 100 */ 22: for ( i = 0; i < 100 ; i++ ){ 23: 24: /* */ 25: if ( fscanf(fp, "%s %d", name[i], &(point[i]) ) == EOF ) 26: break; 27: 28: /* */ 29: if ( point[i] > max_point ){ 30: max_point = point[i]; 31: index = i; 32: 33: 34: fclose(fp); 35: printf(" %s %d \n", name[index], point[index]); 36: return(0); 37:

56 ( ), 2 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void){ float *temp; /* */ char fname1[128]; /* */ char fname2[128]; /* */ FILE *fp1; /* */ FILE *fp2; /* */ int num; /* */ int i; /* */ float time; /* */ float delta_t; /* */ printf(" (1 [ ]) \n"); scanf("%s", fname1); if((fp1 = fopen(fname1, "r")) == NULL){ printf(" \n"); exit(1); printf(" (2 [K]) \n"); scanf("%s", fname2); if((fp2 = fopen(fname2, "w")) == NULL){ printf(" \n"); exit(1); /* (num) (delta_t) */ fscanf(fp1, "%d %f", &num, &delta_t); printf("delta_t = %f\n", delta_t); /* ( ) num */ temp = malloc ( num * sizeof( float ) ); /* temp num (double) */ /* temp[i]! */ /* for */ for ( i = 0; i < num ; i++ ){ /* */ fclose(fp1); return(0);

57 9 54 ( ), : arai@nuae.nagoya-u.ac.jp : ( ) 17:00 : 08XXXXXXX-No9-HW.c (XXXX )

58 55 10 C ( ), f(x) x, (Σ) y k=2 k=3 k=1 k=n a b x Fig.1 f(x) [a, b] [a, b] N x k x k = a + 1 x(2k 1), (k = 1, 2,..., N) (10.1) 2 x = b a N (10.2)

59 10 56 x k y k = f(x k ) (10.3) S k = f(x k ) x (10.4) [a, b] N N S = S k = f(x k ) x (10.5) k=1 k= y = 3x 2 [1, 2] N : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 4: 5: int main(void){ 6: int k, N; 7: double a, b; /* */ 8: double x; /* */ 9: double dx; /* */ 10: double s; /* */ 11: 12: printf(" \n"); 13: scanf("%d", &N); 14: a = 1.0; 15: b = 2.0; 16: dx = ( b - a ) / (double)n; 17: 18: for( k = 1, s = 0.0 ; k <= N ; k++ ){ 19: x = a + 0.5*dx*(2.0*(double)k - 1.0); 20: s = s * x * x * dx ; 21: 22: printf(" %f\n", s); 23: return(0); 24: N k double

60 y k=2 k=1 k=3 k=n a b x Fig.2 [a, b] N (k ) x L k xr k x L k = a + (k 1) x, (k = 1, 2,..., N) (10.6) x R k = a + k x, (k = 1, 2,..., N) (10.7) y L k = f(x L k ), y R k = f(x R k ) (10.8) (y L k ) (y R k ) ( x) 2 S k = 1 2 {f(xl k ) + f(x R k ) x (10.9) [a, b] N N S = S k = k=1 k=1 1 2 {f(xl k ) + f(x R k ) x (10.10) [a, b] [ ] 1 { N 1 S = f(a) + f(b) + f(x k ) x, x k = k x (10.11) 2 k=1

61 y = 3x 2 [1, 2] N : #include <stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include <math.h> 4: int main(void){ 5: int k, N; 6: double a, b; /* */ 7: double xl, xr; /* */ 8: double yl, yr; /* */ 9: double dx; /* */ 10: double s; /* */ 11: double f( double ); /* f(x) */ 12: printf(" \n"); 13: scanf("%d", &N); 14: a = 1.0; 15: b = 2.0; 16: dx = ( b - a ) / (double)n; 17: for( k = 1, s = 0.0 ; k <= N ; k++ ){ 18: xl = a + dx*((double)k - 1.0); 19: xr = a + dx*(double)k; 20: yl = f(xl); 21: yr = f(xr); 22: s = s * ( yl + yr ) * dx; 23: 24: printf(" %f\n", s); 25: return(0); 26: 27: /* f(x) = 3*x*x */ 28: double f ( double x ){ 29: return ( 3.0 * x * x ); 30: (10) (11) s = 0.5 * ( f(a) + f(b) ) * dx; for( k = 1 ; k < N ; k++ ){ xl = a + (double)k * dx; s = s + f(xl) * dx ;

62 ( ) f( x A ) f( x M ) > 0 f( x B ) f( x M ) < 0 N x B x A x M N+1 Fig.3 2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 2 y = ax 2 + bx + c y = 0 f(x) = 0 3, y = f(x) [x A, x B ] x, f(x A ) f(x B )., f(x A ) f(x B ) < 0 [x A, x B ] x M, [x A, x M ] [x M, x B ] (y ) [x M, x B ] [x A, x M ] f(x A )f(x M ) > 0, f(x B )f(x M ) < 0 (10.12) f(x A )f(x M ) < 0, f(x B )f(x M ) > 0 (10.13) 2, [x A, x B ] [x A, x B ], x M x B x A x 0 B x 0 A < ϵ (10.14) x 0 A x0 B ε,

63 ln x sin(x) = 0 [1, 5] : #include<stdio.h> 2: #include <stdlib.h> 3: #include<math.h> 4: int main(void){ 5: double a, b, m, dx0; 6: double eps; 7: double f( double ); /* f(x) */ 8: a = 1.0; 9: b = 5.0; 10: dx0 = b - a; 11: eps = 1.0e-8; 12: 13: if ( f(a)*f(b) > 0.0 ) { /* [a, b] */ 14: printf(" [%d, %d] \n", a, b); 15: 16: /* */ 17: while( fabs( (b - a)/dx0 ) > eps ){ 18: m = 0.5 * ( a + b ); 19: printf(" m = %f\n", m); 20: if( f(a)*f(m) < 0.0 ){ /* [a, m] */ 21: b = m; /* [a,m] */ 22: 23: else if( f(b)*f(m) < 0.0 ){ /* [b, m] */ 24: a = m; /* [m,b] */ 25: 26: else { 27: /* */ 28: /* f(m) 0 m */ 29: printf(" (f(m)=0 %f \n", m); 30: exit(0); 31: 32: 33: /* */ 34: printf(" %f \n", m); 35: return(0); 36: 37: /* f(x) */ 38: double f(double x){ 39: return( log(x) - sin(x) ); 40:

卒業研究報告.PDF

卒業研究報告.PDF C 13 2 9 1 1-1. 1-2. 2 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 3 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. 3-5. 3-5-1. 3-5-2. 3-6. 3-6-1. 3-6-2. 4 5 6 7-1 - 1 1 1-1. 1-2. ++ Lisp Pascal Java Purl HTML Windows - 2-2 2 2-1. 1972 D.M. (Dennis M Ritchie)