食品工学.indb

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1 , Vol. 11, No. 1, pp , Mar IH The Visualization and Quantification of the Flow in the Pan During Induction Heating and Gas Heating Haruna KAWAKAMI, Zensyu TOU, Mika FUKUOKA, and Noboru SAKAI Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan In cooking that there are solid foods in soup, natural convection flow in a pan may affect food quality. This study shows the visualization and quantification of the flow in the pan using developed new tracer particle during the induction heating (IH) and the gas heating. Development of the tracer particle imitated the method of making an artificial salmon roe. The density of the tracer particle could be adjusted to be the same as water. The average diameter of the tracer particle was 2.5 mm when the tracer particle was made by the diameter of the tip apex was 1 mm. Water flow in the pan was able to be visualized by using the tracer particle. In addition, at the IH and the gas heating, the position and flow velocity of the tracer particle in three dimensions were able to be measured by taking a picture using two video cameras set above and inside the pan. When the amount of energy entering into the pan is the same during the both heating, the flow velocity at initial stage of the IH was faster than that of the gas heating. Keywords: Convection, IH, gas heating, visualization, tracer 1 30 [1] 2 PIV Particle Image Velocity PIV IH Fax: , sakai@kaiyodai.ac.jp [2] [3-5]

2 52 1 m 1000 m [6] C 20 H 2 Cl 4 I 4 Na 2 O [6] Fig. 1 tritonx tritonx-100 A Fig. 1 The apparatus for making of tracer particle. 10 B Fig. 1 B A A B g/cm cm cm 3 Fig. 1 1 mm 1.5 mm 2 mm Fig. 1 1 mm 1.5 mm 2 mm 0.17 cm 3 /s 28 mm PC g/cm g/cm mm 6L 20 25g IH g/cm 3

3 mm 250 mm 20 L 2.3 Table 1 90 mm 165 mm IH 290 mm 390 mm IH Table mm 250 mm 20 L 6 1 mm K 1 mm Fig. 2 4 Fig. 2 3 cm 3 cm IH cm 9.5 cm 1.6 cm / / Table 1 Experimental conditions in convection observation. Pan Power Tracer particle Fluid 390 mm H250 mm 30 L Gas : Full heating power 14.0 kw) IH : 84 of 5 kw Same amount of energy as gas The average diameter is 2.5 mm (Particle number Water 20 L Fig cm 3 1 mm 1.5 mm 2 mm 100 cm Fig. 2 Temperature measurement part. Fig. 3 Relationship between amount of oil and particle density.

4 54 cm 3 1 g/cm Fig. 4 Table 2 1 mm 2.5 mm Fig Fig. 6 IH Fig. 7 Fig. 6 Fig Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 5 Change of density of tracer particle by heating in pan. IH IH Fig. 8 Fig Fig. 4 Distribution of tracer particle size. Table 2 Tracer particle diameter. Diameter of tip apex Average diameter of tracer particle standard variation 1.0 mm 2.50 mm mm 2.69 mm mm 2.89 mm 0.03 Fig. 6 Result of temperature of water in gas heating.

6 IH IH Table 1 390 mm 250 mm 20 L K 30 40 IH84 IH84 IH Fig. 9 Fig. 9 IH 10 30 1.2 IH Fig. 8 84 IH IH IH IH IH Fig. 9 IH Fig. 7 IH 3.2.2 PIV Particle Image Velocity PIV Fig.

5 55 Fig. 7 Result of temperature of water in IH. Fig. 8 Convection flow of tracer particle in the initial stage of gas heating. White circle are start position, and black circle are end position. (Circle is size of inner ring and outer ring.) 2 Fig. 6 IH IH Table mm 250 mm 20 L K IH84 IH84 IH Fig. 9 Fig. 9 IH IH Fig IH IH IH IH IH Fig. 9 IH Fig. 7 IH PIV Particle Image Velocity PIV Fig. 9 Convection flow of tracer particle in the initial stage of IH. White circle are start position, and black circle are end position. (Circle is size of IH coil.)

6 56 CCD 2 2 [7] PIV m [5] mm PIV PTV Particle Tracking Velocimetry 2 PTV 2 Fig. 10 PC XY 0,0,0 X Y Z Fig. 11 A XY A A 0 A H A 1 1 B H B 2 2 Fig. 10 Schematic view of taking pictures. Fig. 11 Schematic view of method of acquiring particle position.

7 57 C H C 3 3 D A D Z PC P Full H C P Full L C 1 C XY A H C C Z H Cz A C Z P C 4 C Z H Cz 4 6 A X, Y, Z xyz H Pan H A L Pan L C 5 Table 3 No.1 No.2 2 H Pan 150 mm 150 mm H A L Pan 1 L C XY L C H C L C Fig. 12 0,0,0 XY Fig. 12 IH IH 6 Fig. 13 Fig IH XY Fig. 12 IH Fig. 12 Trajectory of motion of tracer particle in initial stage of heating. :12 seconds in IH, :18 seconds in gas heating. Table 3 Result of flow velocity at initial stage and about 6min in heating. Initial stage of heating About 6min in heating Particle number IH Gas IH Gas H Pan (mm) No.1, No H A (mm) No No L Pan (mm) No.1, No L C (mm) No No Flow velocity (mm/s) No No

8 58 IH IH 6 IH IH IH IH IH IH IH 4 1 mm 2.5 mm 2 3 IH IH 6 IH 1) Introduction to informatics of visualization (Kashikajohog akunyumon), Kashika-johogaku-nyumon henshu-iinkai, Tokyo Denki University Press, 1994, p.2. 2) M. Ohnishi, M.Yamagichi, O. Ohashi; Study of Suitable Pot Shape of Induction Heater Type Rice Cookers (in Japanese). J. High Temperature Society, 29(2), (2003). 3) K. Oda, T. Shigematsu; Visibilized experiment on fluid motion by adding particles and numerical simulation on the spreading behavior of muddiness (in Japanese). Annu. J. Coastal Eng., 41, (1994). 4) T. Etoh, K Takehara; Development of a method to make microcapsules as tracer particles (in Japanese). J. Visualization Society of Japan, 11 (Suppl 1), (1991). 5) T. Kobayashi, K. Okamoto, M. kawahashi, S. Nishio; Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV no kiso to ouyou), Springer-Verlag Tokyo, 2000, p.19. 6) K. Kamio; Man-made Salmon Roe (in Japanese). The Chem. Education, 35, (1987). 7) PIV handbook (PIV handobukku), The Visualization Society of Japan, Morikita Publishing Co., Ltd., 2002, p.4. Fig. 13 Trajectory of motion of tracer particle in 6 minutes of heating. :10.8 seconds in IH, :13.2 seconds in gas heating. IH 1 mm 2.5 mm IH 2 3 IH IH

Optical Lenses CCD Camera Laser Sheet Wind Turbine with med Diffuser Pitot Tube PC Fig.1 Experimental facility. Transparent Diffuser Double Pulsed Nd:

Optical Lenses CCD Camera Laser Sheet Wind Turbine with med Diffuser Pitot Tube PC Fig.1 Experimental facility. Transparent Diffuser Double Pulsed Nd: *1 *2 *3 PIV Measurement of Field of the Wind Turbine with a med Diffuser Kazuhiko TOSHIMITSU *4, Koutarou NISHIKAWA and Yuji OHYA *4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Matsue National Collage of Technology,