商学５６‐５・６◆／８．二村

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1 660 Young Adam Smith Kaldor Verdoorn Adam Smith Allyn Young 2 Adam Smith Young 1966 Nicholas Kaldor 3 Verdoorn Marshall James M. Buchanan 1930 Economic Journal Dennis H. Robertson Piero Sraffa G. F. Shove Adam Smith Alfred Marshall Allyn Young generalized increasing returns John Maynard Keynes Smith9 Young14 Kaldor5

2 661 4 Smith, Young, Kaldor Adam Smith Young Smith, Young Kaldor Verdoorn Young Adam Smith Adam Smith Spyros Vassilakis Adam Smith Adam Smith propositions 1extentBook 1, ch.3 2 Book 1, ch.3 ; Book 2, pp Book, ch., pp ; Book ch. 4 Book, ch. ; Book, ch. 5 Book, pp Smith Buchanan1p. 7.

3 662 Smith Book, p.21; Book, p Smith Young Young Marshall improvements Adam Smith theorem 6 1 Adam Smith Vassilakis11p. 761 Ed. E. Cannan, London : Methuen, 1961 extent 9 Young14p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p. 537.

4 Young Adam Smith an interrelated whole 15 2 Young Ibid., p Ibid., p. 539.

5 Adam Smith Young Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p. 539.

6 665 4 Young the search for markets18 22 Young 23 Q Young Q Q 24 L R R Q L R fq dr dq 0 λ R e λ t f Q t Ibid., p Blitch2 p. 366

7 666 1 fq AQ v A v R AQ v 1 dr dq AvQ v1 0 0v R 1 LQ AQ V 2 Young 25 dl dq 0 dl dq A 1 1v Q v 0 v1 v 26 0v r q v v r q 1 l q 4 430l q1 2 1 R Ae λ t Q v 2 LQ Ae λ t Q v λ 34 Young14p v1 d 2 R dq 2 Av1vQ v 2 0, d 2 L dq 2 v1va 1 Q v1 0

8 667 v rλ l λ 1 q q 5 530l λ q1 3 Q Be φ t K α L β 6 B φ α β 6q l β φ α kl 4 v r q 1 1 β φ α kl 7 731β φ α kl 1β 27 α k l 1α β 1β α k l 1β α k l 1 kl qk q l β 1α φ 1α l 4 v r q 1 1 β 1α φ 1α l β 1α φ 1α l α J φ J K

9 668 10l 1α β φ l 8 1α β 8 v r α β 1 q β 9 3 1α β 9 Kaldor Verdoorn 1 Verdoorn Verdoorn v0.45!!!! 29 Verdoon 0.45 Adam Smith Verdoorn 30 Verdoorn12p. 28.

10 669 Verdoorn φ α β v k l 3 Tinbergen 31 Q, K, L, α, β W N ρ µ n W N γ Q K α L β W βq L W βl N ρ e µ t kγq K N e nt vrq ρ11β n αγ 1β µ αγ v ρ1β n αγ 1βµ αγ 10 Verdoorn v α β γ n µ v n µ α β γ 32 α β 0.7ρ 1, n0.01γ 4µ 0.01 v0.5 α β 1 Verdoorn12pp Veroorn Verdoorn Ibid., p. 35. Ibid., p. 36.

11 670 2 Kaldor Verdoorn Kaldor 1966 Kaldor Kaldor A. P. Thirlwall Kaldor GDP 2 3 Kaldor Kaldor 2 Kaldor Verdoorn 35 Kaldor Adam Smith 3 Adam Smith!! Smith Young 36 Adam Smith Marshall Allyn Young Arrow!! Thirlwall10 3 Kaldor5p. 8.

12 671 Allyn Young 37 Young Verdoorn 1949 P. J. Verdoorn Verdoorn!!!! 38 Verdoorn Kaldor Young Verdoorn Verdoon Verdoorn r q l q R R Kaldor Verdoorn 39 rabq 11 rql Ibid., pp Ibid., p. 10. Ibid., p. 11.

13 672 l a1bq 12 Kaldor Verdoon the same orderof magnitude0b, 40 01b 0b1 Kaldor Verdoorn 43 3 Verdoon Kaldor Verdoon Verdoon Kaldor Verdoorn v 0.5 Smith, Young Verdoorn q Verdoorn Kaldor Kaldor Young qfr Kaldor!! Ibid., p. 35. Kaldor6p. 893.

14 673!! Verdoorn 1 44 Verdoon Verdoon v Kaldor b vrq bv v 5 rλ vq l λ 1vq Kaldor 1112 λ a, vb Verdoorn Verdoorn rα k β φ β β 1β q l α k β φ β 1β q Kaldor a b k 1β 8 v Verdoorn v Kaldor b kq rφ β α β 1β q l φ β 1α β q aφ β, bα β 1β b 9 v Kaldor5pp

15 674 b v v Verdoorn v Young Kaldor Verdoorn v 0.5 Verdoon Smith, Young, Kaldor Young Kaldor Verdoon Verdoorn Young, Kaldor Smith, Young, Kaldor Kaldor Verdoon Buchanan 1980 Kaldor Verdoorn Kaldor McCombie, et al.8verdoon 84 McCombie7 Buchanan1p. 3.

16 675 1 Buchanan, J. M., The Return to Increasing Returns : An Introductory Summary, in The Return to Increasing Returns, ed., by J. M. Buchanan and Y. J. Yoon, The University of Michigan Press, 1994, pp Blitch, C. P. Allyn Young on increasing returns, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Vol. V, No. 3, 1983, pp Verdoorn Kaldor, N., Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth in the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 1966N. Kaldor, Further Essays on Economic Theory, London, Duckworth, Kaldor, N., Economic Growth and the Verdoorn Law : A Comment on Mr. Rowthorn s Article, Economic Jounal, Vol. 85, No. 340, 1975, pp McCombie, J. M. Increasing Returns and the Verdoorn Law from a Kaldorian Perspective, in Productivity Growth and Economic Performance, ed., by J. McCombie et al. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2002, pp McCombie, J. M. Pugno and B. Soro, Introduction, in Productivity Growth and Economic Performance, ed., by J. McCombie et al. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2002, pp Smith, A., The Wealth of Nations, The Modern Library 10Thirlwall, A. P., A Plain Man s Guide to Kaldor s Growth Laws, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Vol. V, No. 3, 1983, pp Vassilakis, S.increasing returns to scalein The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics 2, ed. By J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, P. Newman, 1987, pp Verdoorn, P. J. Fattori che regolano lo sviluppo della produttività del lavoro, L Indusria, vol. 1, 1949, pp Factors that Determine the Growth of Labour Productivity, translated by A. P. Thirlwall, Productivity Growth and Economic Performance, Palgrave, Macmilian, 2002, ed. byj. McCmbie, M. Pugno and B. Soro, pp Verdoorn. P. J. Verdoorn s Law in Retrospect : A comment, Economic Journal, Vol. 90, No. 358, 1980, pp Young, A. A., Increasing Returns and Economic Progress, Economic Journal, vol. 38, No. 152, 1928, pp

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