Short Report 大学生アスリートの自己形成における 本来感と随伴的自己価値が精神的健康に及ぼす影響 The Effect of Contingent Self-Esteem and Authenticity in College Athlete

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1 Short Report 大学生アスリートの自己形成における 本来感と随伴的自己価値が精神的健康に及ぼす影響 The Effect of Contingent Self-Esteem and Authenticity in College Athlete s Self-Development on Their Mental Health Kaori Eda 1, Masaya Ito 2, and Masashi Sugie 3 Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sense of authenticity (SOA) and contingent self-esteem (CSE) in college athletes self-development on their mental health. University students (n=241) answered the sense of authenticity scale (SOAS) and the contingent self-esteem scale (CSES) administered as indicators of self-development, and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28: somatic complaints, anxiety and insomnia, and severe depression). They were classified as athletes (n=156) or non-athletes (n=85). The results of examining the effect of SOA and CSE were as follows. SOA promoted the mental health in athletes and non-athletes. CSE promoted anxiety and insomnia in athletes, but showed no effect on any subscales of the GHQ-28 in non-athletes. Almost no difference in CSE was seen between athletes and non-athletes, although SOA was higher in athletes than non-athletes. The effect of CSE on anxiety and insomnia among athletes did not disappear with the influence of SOA. It has been suggested that SOA and CSE are located at opposite poles conceptually. However, the commitment of athletes to the athletic setting was promoted by their self-worth contingent on sporting achievements, which lead to performance enhancement. This indicates that neither SOA nor CSE is necessarily located at opposite poles conceptually for athletes. These results suggest first the possibility that there are states of SOA and CSE characteristic to athletes, and second the need to consider self-development from both of SOA and CSE in relation to athletes. Key words: athletes, contingent self-esteem, self-esteem, self-development eda.k0220@gmail.com 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tennoudai Tsukuba-city Ibaraki National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Department of Adult Mental Health Ogawahigashi Kodaira Tokyo Institute of Psychology, University of Tsukuba Tennoudai Tsukuba-city Ibaraki Corresponding author: Kaori Eda 37

2 e. g pseudo-identity Contingent Self-Esteem 1 Sense of Authenticity Kerins

3 Harter, 1993, 1997 Harter et al., 1996 Neighbors et al., 2004 Ogilvie and Howe, 1982 Petitpas et al., Kernis

4 Paradise and Kernis 1999 Contingent Self-Esteem Scale Ryff 1989 Rosenberg good enough Rosenberg 1965 good enough Ryff 1989 Psychological Wellbeing Scale2000 well-being General Health Questionnaire 28 GHQ 28 GHQ28 Goldberg

5 Paradise and Kernis 1999 Contingent Self- Esteem Scale = = GHQ28 t 4 4 GHQ28 41

6 スポーツ心理学研究 表2 2009年 第36巻 第 1 号 随伴的自己価値尺度についての主成分分析結果と記述統計 a b a *のついている項目は逆転項目であり得点を反転してある b アスリート n 156 男性 111 女性 45 非アスリート n 85 男性 30 女性 55) 表3 各変数の記述統計とそれらの単相関関係 a a ** p<.01 *p<.05 p<.10 b n 156 男性 111 女性 45 c n 85 男性 30 女性 55 表4 各尺度に対するアスリート 非アスリート間の t 検定 a a ** p<.01 * p<.05 p<.10 42

7 t 240 =1.77 p<.10 t 240 =2.50 p<.05 e. g., Morgan, Kernis, 2003 Sheldon et al., 1997 GHQ28 GHQ x df 6 =9.153 p= x 2 /df=1.526 GFI=.988 AGFI=.916 CFI=.990 RMSEA= =.17 p=<.01ghq28 =.22 p<.01 =.28 p<.01 =.30 p<.01 =.26 p<.01 =.29 p<.01 =.31 p<.01 =.38 p<.01 =.35 p<.01 43

8 pp p a b Kernis

9 45 r= Crocker p.185 =.17 p<.01

10 Kernis Contingent Self-Esteem Crocker, J. (2006) Having and pursuing self-esteem: Costs and benefits. In: Kernis, M. H. (Ed.) Self-esteem issue and answers. A sourcebook of current perspectives. Psychology Press: New York, pp pp Goldberg. D. P. and Hiller. V. F. (1978) A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med, 9: GHQ Harter, S. (1993) Causes and consequences of low self-esteem in children and adolescent. In: Baumeister, R. F. (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard. Plenum: New York, pp Harter, S. (1997) The personal self in social context: Barriers to authenticity. In: Ashmore, R. D. and Jussim, L. (Eds.), Self and identity 1. Oxford University Press: Oxford, pp Harter, S., Stocker, C., and Robinson, N. S. (1996) The perceived directionality of the link between approval and self-worth: The liabilities of a looking glass selforientation among young adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6: well-being Kernis, M. H. (2003) Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry 14: Morgan. W. P. (1978) Sport personology: The gredulousskeptical argument in perspective. In: Straub, W. F. (Ed.) Sport psychology: an analysis of athlete behavior. Movement, Ithaca, NY, pp

11 : Neighbors, C., Larimer, M. E., Geisner, I. M., and Knee, C. R. (2004) Feeling controlled and drinking motives among college students: Contingent self-esteem as a mediator. Self and Identity, 3 (3): pp well-being Ogilvie, B. C. and Howe, A. M. (1982) Career crisis in sport. In: Orlick, T., Partington, J., and Salmela, J. (Eds.) Mental training for coaches and athletes. Fitness and Amateur Sport: Ottawa, pp Paradise, A. and Kernis, M. H. (1999) Development of the contingent self-esteem scale. Unpublished data, University of Georgia. Petitpas, A. l., Danish, S. J., Mckelvani, R., and Murphy, S. M. (1992) A career assistance program for elite athlete. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70: Rosenberg, M. (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. Ryff, C. D. (1989) Happiness is everything, or is it?: Explorations on the meaning of psychology cal wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57: Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Rawsthorne, L. J., and Ilardi, B. (1997) Trait self and true self: Cross-role variation in the big-five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73:

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