パーソナリティ研究 2005 第13巻 第2号 156–169

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1 ) Brennan, Clark & Shaver (1998) Bowlby (1973) Hill & Holmbeck (1986) Hollingworth (1928) 1 1 Craik (1943) Bowlby (1973) Bowlby Bowlby (1973) 2

2 157 Armsden & Greenberg (1987) 1 1 Bartholomew (1990) Bartholomew (model of others) (model of self) (secure) (preoccupied) (dismissing) (fearful) Bartholomew (1990) Griffin & Bartholomew (1994) (avoidant) (anxiety) (p. 431) Bartholomew (1990) Brennan, et al. (1998) Bartholomew (1990) 2 1 (Engels, Finkenauer, Meeus & Dekovic, 2001) (Laible, Carlo & Raffaelli, 2000) (Lapsley, Rice & FitzGerald, 1990; Samuolis, Layburn & Schiaffino, 2001) (Kenny, 1987; Lapsley, et al., 1990) (Kobak & Sceery, 1988) (Markiewicz, Doyle & Brendgen, 2001) Mikulincer, Florian & Tolmacz Berman & Sperling (1991) 3 3

3 Armsden & Greenberg (1987) 1 Larose & Boivin (1998) (1998) Bowlby (1973) (Simpson & Rholes, 1994) (1992) 1991 (1995) 2) 2 Armsden & Greenberg (1987) 2)

4 /SD /SD Bartholomew (1990) Brennan et al. (1998) (1988) (1996) (1996).40 2 Griffin & Bartholomew (1994) Table r.23(n 1187) 2 a a.87 a r.65

5 Table 1 F1 F2 h (%) Table * p.05, *** p.001 r.81 Griffin & Bartholomew (1994) Table 2 r.49(n 559) 3) (r.59, p.001)

6 161 3 (r.40, p.001) (r.11, p.05) (r.28, p.001) (r.30, p.001) (r.18, p.001) (r.41, p.001) / (r.33, p.001) (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994) 3) Table 2 / /SD /SD Hays & Oxley (1986) 8, 12 2

7 (1982) Rosenberg self-esteem 10 5 (1983) UCLA 20 4 (1994) 24 4 Table 3 F1 F2 F F1 F2 F3 F F F

8 163 Table ( 6.50) ( 6.74) ( 5.00) (5.13) ( 6.48) ( 6.36) ( 6.33) (6.69) ( 8.97) (10.21) ( 9.45) (9.06) (10.14) ( 9.74) (10.10) (9.30) ( 7.02) ( 7.03) ( 6.18) (5.60) ( 7.03) ( 5.95) ( 6.57) (6.69) ( 4.87) ( 4.47) ( 3.82) (3.81) ( 5.16) ( 5.24) ( 4.73) (4.79) ( 3.88) ( 4.13) ( 3.34) (3.64) ( 3.87) ( 3.99) ( 3.40) (3.75) p 05, p Table ) 2 a a.93 a.90 a a a.94 a.90 a.82 4) 2. 2 (2) (2) (2) 3 (Table 4)

9 Figure 1 Figure (F (1,624) 4.25, p.05; F(1,624) 4.15, p.05) 1 2 (Figure 1) 2 (Figure 2) (F(1,626) 4.08, p.05) 1 2 (Figure 3) (F(1,624) 4.81, p.05) 3 (F(1,624) 41.72, p.001; F(1,624) 55.01, p.001; F(1,624) 46.56, p.001; F(1,624) 6.06, p.05; F(1,624) 26.52, p.001) (F(1,624) 14.05, p.001; F(1,624) 4.60, p.05) 3 (F(1,624) 79.60, p.001; F (1,624) 62.29, p.001; F(1,624) 6.24, p.05) 1 2

10 165 Figure (1991)

11 (Markiewicz, et al., 2001) (Lapsley, et al., 1990) Brennan & Bosson (1998) Bartholomew & Horowitz (1991) Griffin & Bartholomew (1994) Brennan & Bosson (1998) Brennan & Bosson (1998)

12 167 (Bowlby, 1973) (Trinke & Bartholomew, 1997) Brennan & Bosson (1998) Bartholomew & Horowitz (1991) Larose & Boivin (1998) Berman & Sperling (1991) 3 Brennan et al. (1998) Bartholomew (1990) 4 Bartholomew & Horowitz (1991) Bartholomew (1990) Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, Bartholomew, K avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M Attachment style among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, Berman, W. H., & Sperling, M. B Parental attachment and emotional distress in the transition to college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20,

13 Bowlby, J Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books II Brennan, K. A. & Bosson, J. K Attachment style differences in attitudes toward and reactions to feedback from romantic partners: An exploration of the relational bases of self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes, (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford. Pp Craik, K The nature of explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Engels, R. C. M. E., Finkenauer, C., Meeus, W., & Dekovic, M Parental attachment and adolescents emotional adjustment: The associations with social skills and relational competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, Hays, R. B., & Oxley, D Social network development and functioning during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, Hill, J. P., & Holmbeck, G. N Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In G. J. Whitehurst (Ed.), Annals of child development. Vol. 3. Grenwich, CT: JAI. Pp Hollingworth, L. S The psychology of the adolescence. New York: Appleton. Kenny, M. E The extent and function of parental attachment among first-year college students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child Development, 59, S. Pp , , (I) 22, Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., & Raffaelli, M The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, Lapsley, D. K., Rice, K. G., & FitzGerald, D. P Adolescent attachment, identity, and adjustment to college: Implications for the continuity of adaptation hypothesis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, Larose, S., & Boivin, M Attachment to parents, social support expectations, and socioemotional adjustment during the high school-college transition. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B., & Brendgen, M The quality of adolescent s interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, S. Pp , , Samuolis, J., Layburn, K., & Schiaffino, K. M Identity development and attachment to parents in college student. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, , Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S Stress and secure base relationships in adulthood. In K. bartholomew, & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships. Vol. 5. London: Jessica Kingsley. Pp Trinke, S. J., & Bartholomew, K Hierarchies of attachment relationships in young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14,

14 169 8, , Attachment to Parents and Adjustment to Transition in Young Adulthood Tomomi NIWA Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2005, Vol. 13 NO. 2, The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure attachment to parents, and to examine the role of the attachment in adjustment to transitional stress. Brennan, Clark & Shaver (1998) proposed two attachment facets of anxiety and avoidance, and in this study, a scale intended to tap the two toward parents was constructed. In Study 1, attachment to parents, self-acceptance, and parent-child relationship were examined. Factor analysis revealed two factors in the attachment: Anxiety to Attachment and Avoidance of Attachment. Two subscales corresponding to the factors showed good reliability and validity. In Study 2, the role of the attachment in social environmental adjustment was examined through a short-term longitudinal study, focusing on school transition. Attachment to parents, self-esteem, loneliness, and college life anxiety of first-year students were measured. Results revealed that those high on Anxiety to Attachment showed larger increases in loneliness and apprehension toward interpersonal relationship between two time periods than the low. The findings suggested that those who were low on the Anxiety were able to cope better with stress arising from loneliness and apprehension toward interpersonal relationship. Key words: attachment to parents, adjustment process, social environmental transition, stress

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