D IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications Vol.137 No.11 pp DOI: /ieejias Circuit Analysis and Characterization of Contactles

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1 D IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications Vol.37 No. pp DOI: 0.54/ieejias Circuit Analysis and Characterization of Contactless Power Transfer System with Variable Impedance Jun Yamada, Student Member, Kazuma Tsuda, Student Member, Ryota Kobayashi, Non-member, Yasuyoshi Kaneko,Member A contactless power transfer system using a repeater coil Repeater Coil topology has been proposed as a method of suppressing overcurrent without power control during misalignment or no-load. By installing a repeater coil between the primary and secondary coils, it is possible to increase the input impedance in the case of misalignment of the secondary coil or no-load condition. In addition, another a contactless power transfer system using primary parallel and secondary series resonance capacitors PS Capacitor topology has been proposed. In the PS Capacitor topology, the input impedance can be increased during misalignment of the secondary coil or no-load condition similar to the Repeater Coil topology. In this paper, we evaluated the characteristics of both these topologies. First, we conducted a circuit analysis of the Repeater Coil topology and proposed a design method. In addition, we theoretically clarified the characteristic difference of the two topologies and experimentally evaluated the characteristics. PS Keywords: dynamic contactless power transfer, electric vehicle, repeater coil, PS capacitor topology, efficiency, filter. PHV EV PHV EV 3 EV Saitama University 55, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama , Japan SS SP 6 7 Repeater Coil topology 8 Circular type 9 0 Solenoid c 07 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. 85

2 H 3 Polarized type 4 H PS 5 PS H PS. PS SP Fig. V IN f 0 = 85 khz Fig.. c SP Capacitor topology Equivalent circuit. R L Fig. a C C r C Fig. b PS C C Fig. c SP C C 3. 3 Z IN Fig. a V IN = r + jω 0 L + I IN + jω 0 M r I r jω 0 C 0 = jω 0 M r I IN + r r + jω 0 L r + I r jω 0 C r Z IN 3 Z IN = V IN = r + jω 0 L + I IN jω 0 C ω 0 M r + 3 r r + jω 0 L r + / jω 0 C r r r f 0 ω 0 M r Z IN C r = ω 0 L 4 r 3 V IN = jω 0 L + I IN + jω 0 M r I r + jω 0 M I jω 0 C 5 0 = jω 0 M r I IN + jω 0 L r + I r + jω 0 M r I jω 0 C r 6 0= jω 0 M I IN + jω 0 M r I r + jω 0 L + +R L I jω 0 C 7 r r r r f 0 ω 0 L ω 0 L r ω 0 L I IN I 46 8 I IN = M r M r I 8 86 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

3 578 V IN I { V IN = M r jω 0 L + M r jω 0 L + + jω 0 M M } r R L M r jω 0 C M r jω 0 C M r 9 I = I D V D = R L I D 89 V IN = M { r Mr V D + jω 0 L + M r M r jω 0 C + M } r jω 0 L + jω 0 M I D M r jω 0 C 0 I IN = M r I D M r b M r jω 0 L + + M r jω 0 L + jω 0 M =0 M r jω 0 C M r jω 0 C V IN V D I IN I D Z IN = = M r M r = k r k r L = b 3 k r L = M r = k r L = M r k r L b 4 kr L R L 5 L k nm n m L /L 34 L r 5 k r Z IN V IN I IN R L ID η = r IIN + r rir + r I + R 6 LID 78 I r I 7 { I r = M ω } 0L /ω 0 C R L + j I M r ω 0 M r ω 0 M r { M = ω } 0L /ω 0 C R L + I M r ω 0 M r ω 0 M r 7 I 87 I = I D 6 η = { Mr M r + r r M r ω } 0L /ω 0 C R L + M r ω 0 M r ω 0 M r + r + R L R L 8 8 C C 7 9 η 0 C = η = ω 0 L M = r M ω M 0 L r R L k r k k r 9 0 Mr RL r + r r + r + R L M r ωm r R Lmax η max r Mr R L max = ω 0 M r + r r r M r r r η max = + r r ω 0 M r r r r Mr M r + r r r k Q i = ω 0 L/r i =,, r 8 34 R L max = k r r Q k Q r k r + k Q r r Q r 3 Q η max = 4 + k Q r k r k r Q r + k Q r r Q r Q C 9 C = ω 0 L M = r M ω M 0 L r k r k k r 5 4. PS Fig. b V IN = r + jω 0 C + jω 0 L I + jω 0 MI 6 87 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

4 V IN = I C 7 jω 0 C I = I IN + I C 8 0= jω 0 MI + r + jω 0 L + jω 0 C +R L I 9 r r f 0 ω 0 L ω 0 L 6 PS k C = ω 0 L, C = ω 0 L k 30 L V IN = L V D M = = b PS 3 k L I IN = M L = k = 3 I D L L b PS Z IN = L R k L 33 L 33 b PS 33 k Z IN V IN 6 8 M = 0 34 Z IN = r + jω 0 L / jω 0 C r + jω 0 L + / jω 0 C Z IN C = ω 0 L k, C = ω 0 L 39 V IN = M L = k = b SP 40 V D L L I IN = L I D M = L = 4 k L b SP Z IN = k L R L 4 L 404 PS b SP k Q i R L max = r Q k η max = + kq Q + k Q Q + k Q 6. PS PS C Z IN R Lmax η max Table 5 SP Table M R L max = ω 0 M + r 35 L r η max = 36 + r M + r ω 0 M L 3536 k Q i R L max = kr Q k + Q 37 Q η max = + k kq + Q 38 Q r Table. C, I/O characteristics, Z IN, R Lmax and emax. 5. SP SP Fig. c SP IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

5 Table. Each Voltage and Current of transmitter. Q = Q r k r = PS Q r = Q k r = SP PS SP k Z IN PS k Z IN SP Z IN PS SP PS 6 Table I r 5 85 V r V r = jω 0 L r I r PS Q = Q r k r = V r V C I r I C PS I I IN I r V r I r V IN V IN V r I r PS I C V C I I IN Z IN I IN I IN I r PS I IN I C 45 I = I IN j V IN ω 0 L = IIN + VIN + I IN V IN sin θ ω 0 L ω 0 L = IIN + I C + I IN V IN sin θ 45 ω 0 L V IN I IN I 6 3 Table N V r I r N V r I r L M Table 46 V r = L r N M r N V IN = NV r, I r = jω 0 M r N V IN = N I r 46 L r I r PS L I C PS Fig. 60 mm Table 3 H Fig. c 4T 4T 8T R L Table 3 SP SP PS 7 PS Fig IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

. Bird s-eye view and Transformer dimensions. Table 3.

6 a Bird s-eye view b Secondary c Primary Repeater Coil topology d Primary PS Capacitor topology Fig.. Bird s-eye view and Transformer dimensions. Table 3. Transformer Parameters. Fig. 3. Input impedance Fig. 4 f 0 = 85 khz LC Table 4 R L 80 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

7 Table 5. Experimental and Theoretical values at standard position. Fig. 4. Circuit structure. Table 4. LC Filter Parameters. Fig. 6. Input waveform at standard position. Table 6. Experimental values without nd coil. a Without winding partition Fig. 5. b With winding partition Divided winding circuit and Voltage vector figure. Fig. 7. Input waveform without nd coil V r 7 C r 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 5a Fig. 5b C r 0 V AB V r V r 8. Fig. PS 3.0 kw V IN 8 Table 5 Fig. 6 Table 5 Table 5 Fig. 6 PS I C 66.3 A I r 9.9 A /7 8 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

8 a P L b Z IN c Efficiency Fig. 8. P L,Z IN and Efficiency at misalignment. Fig. 9. Each Voltage and Current by misalignment. PS 7 V r V IN 7,400 V 4 7/4 360 V 8 Table 6 Fig. 7 Table 6 I IN P IN 00 W I r PS I C Table PS I 0.3 A 8 3 x x = 50 mm 50 mm SP V IN I IN Fig. 8 P L Z IN η Fig. 8a Fig. 8b 50 mm 3. Ω 39.5 Ω PS 5.7 Ω 44.6 Ω 3 00 mm 90% % PS 70 A PS SP P L PS 50 mm 8.8 Ω 3. Ω /3 PS Fig. 9 Fig. 9 V IN I IN V D I D V IN V r I r I IN PS I Table b I IN V IN I IN 8 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

9 9. Table Ω PS Ω Table 6.9 Ω.3 Ω Table 7 Fig. 3 Fig. 0 I IN I IN V INV 47 v INV t = 4V INV e jω0t + 3 e j3ω0t + 5 e j5ω0t v IN, t = 4V INV e jω 0t v INV t v IN, t 3 49 ω 0 M r Z IN, r r + jω 0 L r + / jω 0 C r i IN, 50 i IN, t = v IN,t Z IN, = 4V INV { r r ω 0 M r e jω 0t } + ω 0L r /ω 0 C r ω 0 M r e jω 0t+/ 50 L r M r 4 C r 50 5 ΔL r L r i IN, t = 4V INV r r e jω0t + ΔL r e jω 0t+/ ω0 M r ω 0 M r 5 ΔL r = L r L r 5 9 PS PS 34 r ω 0 L r 53 Table 7. nd coil. Comparison of parameters with and without L /C Z IN, 53 r + jω 0 L + / jω 0 C 4853 i IN, 54 i IN, t= v IN,t Z IN, = 4V INV e jω0t + ω } 0L /ω 0 C e jω 0t+/ L /C L /C 54 { r L 30 C ΔL L i IN, t = 4V INV r ω 0 L e jω0t + ΔL L ω 0 L L e jω 0t+/ 55 ΔL = L L 56 Fig. 0. Input impedance without nd coil. 9 3 V IN LC I IN 83 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

10 Fig.. Input impedance without nd coil with LC filter. I IN 57 v IN,n t = 4V INV n e jn ω 0t 57 n =, 3, 4,... v IN,n n LC Fig. Fig. 0 Fig. 3 Fig. LC L f L f 58 Z IN,n = jn ω 0 L f 58 n =, 3, 4,... Z IN,n n 5758 i IN,n 59 i IN,n t = v IN,n t Z IN,n = 4V INV ω 0 L f n e j{n ω 0t+/} V INV I IN 559 PS i IN t = i IN, t + i IN,n t n= = 4V INV Ae jω0t + Be jω 0t+/ +C n e j{n ω 0t+/} 60 n= A = PS r r ω 0 M r, B = ΔL r, C = 6 ω 0 M ω r 0 L f r A = ω 0 L, B = ΔL L ω 0 L L, C = 6 ω 0 L f 60 A B C 6 PS 6 V INV 60 V IN Fig. 6 Fig. 7 V IN V INV V IN V INV = V IN 63 i IN t = V IN A sin ω 0t + B cos ω 0 t +C n= n cos n ω 0t 64 I IN = V IN A + B C A B L C + L ΔL = 0 ΔL 0 cos ΔL 65 I IN L 84 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

11 Exp c PS Capacitor topology Exp b Repeater Coil topology Theory d PS Capacitor topology Theory Fig.. Input waveform without nd coil by experiment and theory. Table 8. V INV, V IN, I IN and Z IN without nd coil by experiment and theory. 9 5 Fig. Table 8 Table 8 Fig. 5 ΔL = 0 I IN 0.49 A PS 0.53 A ΔL I IN Table 7 L.6% I IN 3 ΔL 0. H PS PS PS PS JSPS JP6K0608 JSAE: The Handbook of Automotive Engineering No.0: Design EV Hybrid Vehicles, JSAE, pp in Japanese 0 EV,, pp IEEJ: Battery System Technology, Ohmsha, Ltd., pp ,, pp S. Abe: Technology Trends of Contactless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, IEEJ Journal, Vol33, No., pp in Japanese EV PHEV,, Vol.33, No. pp Y. Kaneko, S. Matsushita, Y. oikawa, and S. Abe: Moving Pick-Up Type Contactless Power Transfer Systems and their Efficiency Using Series and ParallelResonantCapacitors, IEEJ IA, Vol.8, No.7, pp in Japanese 85 IEEJ Trans. IA, Vol.37, No., 07

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EV Fig.. Contactless power transfer system. (a) Single-sided winding transformer. Fig. 2. Detailed equivalent circuit. x 0, x, x 2 r 0 r, r 2 C P R L

EV Fig.. Contactless power transfer system. (a) Single-sided winding transformer. Fig. 2. Detailed equivalent circuit. x 0, x, x 2 r 0 r, r 2 C P R L D IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications Vol.32 No. pp.9 6 DOI: 0.54/ieejias.32.9 Novel Core Structure and Iron-loss Modeling for Contactless Power Transfer System of Electric Vehicle Masato Chigira,