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3 ACLEDA Association of Cambodian Local ADB Asia Development Bank AusAID Australian Agency for International Development Board CARD Council for Agricultural and Rural Development CARERE Cambodia Area Rehabilitation and Regeneration Project CBN Cost-of-Basic-Needs method CCC Cooperation Committee for Cambodia CDC Council for the Development Cambodia CG Consultative Group Meeting for Cambodia CMAC Cambodia Mine Action Center CRDB Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development CSES Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey DCR Development Cooperation Report ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility ESP Education Strategic Plan ESSP Education Sector Support Program EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FGT Index Foster, Greer & Thorbecke Index FGT GOC Royal Government of Cambodia GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit I-PRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSP ICORC International Committee on the IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development IMF International Monetary Fund IRAP Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning IRRI International Rice Research Institute JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LBAT Labor Based Appropriate Technology MoEYS Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. NGO Non Governmental Organization NPRD National Programme to Rehabilitate and NVDP Northeast Village Development Project ODA Official Development Assistance CAS Country Assistance Strategy OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and PDRD Provincial Department of Rural Development PIP Public Investment Program PPA Participatory Poverty Assessment PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance i

4 PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RDS Rural Development Structures RIIP Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project SEDP The First Five-Year Socio-Economic 1 SEDP The Second Five-Year Socio-Economic 2 SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SWAP Sector Wide Approach TBA Traditional Birth Attendant UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Human UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority USAID United States Agency for International Development UXO Unexploded Ordnance VDC Village Development Committees WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization ii

5 ACLEDA SEILA NGO iii

6 GDP = ( ) CRDB NGO NGO / GDP (1999 ) SEDPI iv

7 2-10 GDP SEDPI SEDPI PRSP ACLEDA SEILA ODA ODA ODA WB ADB USAID v

8 vi

9 i ii iii 3 1 Vulnerability 2 i ii 3 20% CSES: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey CSES CSES93/94CSES97 CSES World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001. Washington D.C.: Oxford University Press, pp UNDP. (1997) :, p (2001). :. :, p.4 5 CSES93/ ,578 CSES ,010 CSES ,000 1

10 1996 CSES CSES CSES93/94CSES97 CSES99 CSES99 Round 1: Round 2: Round 1 Round 2 7 CSES ,100 kcal WHO: World Health Organization FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization 1 1 2,0002,400 kcal 2,100 kcal CSES93/ CSES97 CSES Lundy, S. (2001). Cambodia Country Report for RETA Poverty Database Inception Workshop. Manila: National Institute of Statistics. p.3 7 WB Round 2 Round 1 Round 2 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World Bank. p World Bank. (2001). Well-being Measurement and Analysis. PRSP Handbook (draft for comments). Washington D.C.: World Bank, pp UNDP. (1997) Tokyo: UNDP, pp WHO FAO 10 65kg ,000 kcal 2,0002,400 kcal 10 1,915 kcal10 2,080 kcal 2,235 kcal 2,780 3,490 kcal 11 CBN: Cost-of-Basic-Needs method 2

11 1 CSES93/94 CSES97 CSES99 10% CSES99 1 2,470 2,093 1, /1994 * kcal , ,100 1, [ ] *1 Lundy, S. (2001). RETA Poverty Database Inception Workshop:Country Paper. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 7 [] *2 155 CSES 1993 CSES93/ (a) * 1 (b) (a) + (b) CSES97 1 * 2 371, , ,835 1 (a) * 1, * 3 (b) (a) + (b) CSES99 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (a) * 1, * 3 (b) (a) + (b) n.a. n.a. n.a. [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1997). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 9 *2 Royal Government of Cambodia. (1997). First Five Year Socio-economic Development Plan. Phnom Penh: GOC, p. 16 [] *3 CSES 93/ *4 12 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World Bank, p CSES99 Round = 3,900 3

12 1.1.2 (1) CSES97 CSES CSES93/ % % % % % % % % % % % % (2) WB: World Bank i ii iii % 2.3%7.2% 14 Pailin % 15 CSES93/94 CSES97 Ministry of Planning. (1999). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 31 CSES99 Round 1 Round 2 CSES

13 1 1-3 Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning % % 2 % CSES 93/ CSES CSES CSES 93/ CSES CSES CSES 93/ CSES CSES 99 * 1 Banteay Meanchey n.a n.a n.a Battambang n.a n.a n.a Kampong Cham n.a n.a n.a Kampong Chhnang n.a n.a n.a Kampong Speu n.a n.a n.a Kampong Thom n.a n.a n.a Kampot n.a n.a n.a Kandal n.a n.a n.a Koh Kong n.a n.a n.a Kratie n.a n.a n.a Mondulkiri n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. 5.2 Preah Vihea n.a n.a n.a Prey Veng n.a n.a n.a Pursat n.a n.a n.a Rattanakiri n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. n.a. 0.5 Siem Reap n.a n.a n.a Sihanouk Ville n.a n.a n.a Steung Treng n.a n.a n.a Svay Rieng n.a n.a n.a Takeo n.a n.a n.a Oudor Meanchey n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 Kep Ville n.a n.a n.a Pailin n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. 5.1 Phnom Penh * * * * [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning Ministry of *2 Ministry of Planning. (1997). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 18 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, p (3) Oudor Meanchery 0% Pailin 100% 17 4 CSES

14 CSES WFP: World Food Programme CSES Seim Reap Preah Vihear Kampong Thom Mondolkiri Kratie Kampong Cham 1-4 [ ] WFP. (2001). Poverty Map (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: WFP 1-1 6

15 % 10% [ ]Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning

16 Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning 1-3 [ ]Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning 1-4 8

17 % 10% % % CSES 93/ CSES CSES CSES 93/ CSES CSES CSES 93/ CSES CSES CSES 93/ CSES CSES 99 * 1 Banteay Meanchey n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.9 n.a. n.a n.a. Battambang n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kampong Cham n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kampong Chhnang n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kampong Speu n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kampong Thom n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kampot n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Kandal n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Koh Kong n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kratie n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.1 n.a. n.a n.a. Mondulkiri n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Preah Vihea n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Prey Veng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Pursat n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. n.a n.a. Rattanakiri n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.9 n.a. n.a Siem Reap n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.7 n.a. n.a Sihanouk Ville n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a Steung Treng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Svay Rieng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a Takeo n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.0 n.a. n.a n.a. Oudor Meanchey n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kep Ville n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.4 n.a. n.a n.a. Pailin n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Phnom Penh * * * * [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning Ministry of Planning. (1997). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning *2 Ministry of Planning. (1997). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 16 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, p. 18 9

18 (1) % % 8% 2% (2) % % % % % % % % % % National Institute of Statistics. (2001). Demographic and Health Survey Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, pp

19 1 1-5 %* CSES99 %* CSES99 %* 8 %* CSES99 * 1 Banteay Meanchey Battambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Speu Kampong Thom Kampot Kandal Koh Kong Kratie n.a. Mondulkiri n.a n.a. n.a. Preah Vihea n.a. 1.3 n.a. n.a. Prey Veng Pursat n.a. Rattanakiri Siem Reap Sihanouk Ville Steung Treng Svay Rieng n.a. Takeo Oudor Meanchey n.a. 4.0 n.a. n.a. Kep Ville n.a. 3.3 n.a. n.a. Pailin n.a n.a. n.a. Phnom Penh * * 1 * * 1 * * 1 * * 1 * 3 * * * 1 Q1020% Q22040% Q34060% Q46080% Q580100% CSES99 [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning *2 Ministry of Planning. (2000). Report on CSES Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 46 *3 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, pp [] *4 *5 *6 *7 *8 *9 LPG LNG 11

20 (3) % 59.6% 83.6% 75.2% 59.7% 9.0% (4) % 0.3% % 86.9% 23 GDP % % % 40.5% LPG LNG GDP 39.6% 27.7% 8.1% 3.7% 12

21 1 1-6 % % * 4 % %* 6 * 5 n.a * 1 Banteay Meanchey n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Battambang n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kampong Cham n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kampong Chhnang n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kampong Speu n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kampong Thom n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kampot n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kandal n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Koh Kong n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kratie n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Mondulkiri n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Preah Vihea n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Prey Veng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Pursat n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Rattanakiri n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Siem Reap n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Sihanouk Ville n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Steung Treng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Svay Rieng n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Takeo n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Oudor Meanchey n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Kep Ville n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Pailin n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Phnom Penh * n.a * 2 * n.a * %* 3 * n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a * 1 Q1020% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Q22040% < n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Q34060% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Q46080% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Q580100% < n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning *2 Ministry of Planning. (2000). Report on CSES Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 27 *3 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, p. 51 *6. (1999) [] *4 /1560 *5 / 1560 *7 13

22 1-7 GDP GDP % % n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000). Cambodia Year Book Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, pp ,243 72,249 63, , , , , , , , , , , ,089 60, , , ,716 72, ,010 94, ,256 81,192 97, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,220 73, , , , , , , , ,835 n.a. [ ] Ministry of Planning. (1999). Report on CSES Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p % % %

23 1 1-9 % % %% ( ) % * 6 % * 6 * 7 ( ) ( ) *5 * 1 Banteay Meanchey n.a. Battambang Kampong Cham n.a. Kampong Chhnang Kampong Speu n.a. n.a. Kampong Thom Kampot Kandal Koh Kong n.a n.a. Kratie n.a. Mondulkiri n.a n.a. 3.3 n.a. Preah Vihea n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. Prey Veng n.a. Pursat n.a. n.a. Rattanakiri n.a n.a. n.a. Siem Reap Sihanouk Ville Steung Treng n.a n.a. Svay Rieng n.a. Takeo n.a. n.a. Oudor Meanchey n.a. n.a. Kep Ville n.a n.a. n.a. Pailin n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. Phnom Penh n.a n.a %* 3 * 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a * 3 * n.a. 8.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. * n.a. 6.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 * 1 Q1020% 45.8 n.a. 4.9 n.a Q22040% 57.3 n.a. 5.6 n.a Q34060% 58.2 n.a. 6.8 n.a Q46080% 68.0 n.a n.a Q580100% 81.3 n.a n.a [ ] *1 Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES99 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning *2 Ministry of Planning. (2000). Report on CSES Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p. 27 *3 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, pp.49, 51, *6 Ministry of Education. (2001). Education Statistics and Indicators. Phnom Penh: Nation Religion King, p. 38 *7 Ministry of Education. (2000). Report on the Assessment of the functional Literacy Levels of the Adult Population in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, p. 44 [] *4 *8 15

24 %80% % 38.8% 32.3% % 10.3% % GDP TBA: Traditional Birth Attendant 50% Ministry of Education. (2001). Education Statistics & Indicators 2000/2001. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, pp ADB. (1996). Cambodia Education Sector Strategy Study. Manila: ADB, pp. 28,59 26 Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. (1999). Education for All the Year 2000 Assessment Country Report. Phnom Penh: MoEYS, p Ministry of Education. (2000). Report on the Assessment of the functional Literacy Levels of the Adult Population in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Education, pp GDP ,000 National Institute of Statistics. (2001). Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p Ministry of Economy and Finance (1999) 16

25 HIV/AIDS % 1,000 1,000 * 4 % % % % % * 3 * 3 % 2000 * * * * * * * * * * 1 * 1 Banteay Meanchey Battambang Kampong Cham Kampong Chhnang Kampong Speu Kampong Thom Kampot Kandal n.a Koh Kong n.a Kratie Mondulkiri n.a Preah Vihea n.a Prey Veng Pursat Rattanakiri n.a Siem Reap Sihanouk Ville n.a Steung Treng n.a Svay Rieng Takeo Oudor Meanchey n.a Kep Ville n.a Pailin n.a Phnom Penh n.a n.a * 1 Q1020% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. 8.2 n.a. n.a. Q22040% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. Q34060% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. Q46080% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. Q580100% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. [ ] *1 National Institute of Statistics. (2001). Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, pp. 60, 82, 125, 153, 174, 191 *2 Ministry of Health. (2000). National Health Statistics Report. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Health, p. 47 [] *3-2SD 5 % *4 4 17

26 ,100 cal 43.1% 31-2SD 43.3% 45.9% 44.3% 46.3% National Institute of Statistics. (2001). Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning, p.174 p

27 1 BOX HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV 1991 UNTAC UNAIDS2000 HIV/AIDS WHO1999 HIV 240, HIV HIV NCHADS, 2000 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS 1999 National Policy and Priority Strategies for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS 24 HIV/AIDS HIV HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS HIV HIV 1997 HIV HIV/AIDS 19

28 % D D 3 D D 1 D D 8 D = Ministry of Planning. (1999). CSES97 Data File (CD-ROM). Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning D 1 D 3 D4 20

29 *2 % % ( ) % (a) * 1 (b) * (c) [ ] World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, pp , [] * D 8 D , i ii Correlation coefficient (1) i p<0.01 ii p<0.01 iii p<0.05 iv p<0.05 p<0.05 vi p< (2000).. :, pp

30 i p<0.01 ii p<0.01 iii p<0.01 iv p< (2) y 1 x 1 x y 1 = 0.779x x x x 7 p = < 0.01, R 2 = y 1 x 14 x 22 x 5 x R R 2 2 R 2 22

31 % x 14 x 15 x 18 2 x 5 x 22 x 5 x 22 HIV/AIDS 37 HIV/AIDS UNAIDS. (2001). UNAIDS Cambodia Profile.Geneva: UNAIDS, pp Pailin %

32 y 1 y 2 y 3 y 4 y 5 y 6 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x 11 x ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * ** ** ** * ** * * * * ** ** * ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** * ** ** * ** ** * ** ** ** * * * ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** * ** * * ** ** ** ** ** ** * * * ** ** ** ** * ** * * ** * ** ** * * * * * * * ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** * ** ** * * * ** ** ** ** ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * ** * * ** * ** ** ** * ** * * ** * * ** ** HIV ** HIV * * * ** [ ] [] Peason * p < 0.055% ** p < 0.011% 24

33 x 13 x 14 x 15 x 16 x 17 x 18 x 19 x 20 x 21 x 22 x 23 x 24 x 25 x 26 x 27 x 28 x 29 5 HIV HIV * * * * * * * * ** * ** ** * * ** ** ** * * * ** ** ** ** ** * * * * * ** * * ** * ** ** * * ** * * * * * ** ** * * * * ** * * * ** ** * * ** ** * ** * ** ** ** ** * * * ** * ** ** ** * ** * ** ** * ** * * ** * * * * ** * ** * ** ** * * ** ** * ** ** * ** ** * * ** ** ** ** * * ** ** * ** * ** ** * ** * ** * * * ** * ** ** ** * * * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * HIV HIV * ** ** * * * * [ ] [] Peason * p < 0.055% ** p < 0.011% 25

34 1.3.3 (1) 1979 Krom Samaki a b. 41 c. i ii % 40.5% (2001).. : JICA, pp World Bank. (1999). Cambodia Poverty Assessment Washington D.C.: World Bank, p.72 Cambodia. (2000). Land Ownership, Sales and Concentration in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Sik Boreak, p.26 26

35 1 (2) ,107km % Banteay Meanchey Battambang Oudor Meanchey Pailin i ii iii 1-7 UXO: Unexploded Ordnance 1, The Royal Government of Cambodia. (2000). Interim-PRSP. Phnom Penh: GOC, p

36 2,000 1,500 1, (3) % 1.5% i ii % 40.9% 35.7% (2001).. :JICA, p

37 1 World Bank. (2001). A Poverty Profile of Cambodia 1999 (draft). Phnom Penh: World, Bank, p (4) 411,000 20% 25.8% 19% % % 47. (2001).. :JICA, p World Bank. (1999). Cambodia Poverty Assessment Washington D.C.: World Bank, p.12 29

38 [ ]. (2001).. : JICA, p

39 UNTAC: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1)

40 a. b. c. UNTAC M [ ] Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries, 2001 [1] 2000 [2] UNTAC 22,000 32

41 = 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, [ ] Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries, 2001 [1] 2000 [2] = = IMF Organic Budget Law [ ] National Institute of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook 2000, February 2001, Phnom Pehn World Bank, Cambodia: Public Expenditure Review, January

42 =2, (2) GDP % % GDP GDP EU 34

43 UNTAC UNTAC % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000). Cambodia Statistical Yearbook GDP No

44 (1) 1990 GDP UNTAC GDP 1.2% 7.6% 7.0% 1.2% 6.7% 1.9% -4.4% 7.0% 3.3% 2.6% 8.5% 11.1% [ ] Asian Development Bank. (2001). Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries GDP GDP GDP %

45 2 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% % [ ] Asian Development Bank. (2001). Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries = GDP GDP 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% 0.0% % [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000) Cambodia Statistical Yearbook

46 3,000 2,500 2, ,000 1,500 1, [ ] ( ) ASEAN EU 1990 ASEAN ASEAN a. ASEAN b. ASEAN ASEAN 38

47 2 (2) CSES U 2-3 Kakwani i 1% 1% 3.1% ii 1% 0.79% iii 1 1% 1.37% iv 1% 4.18% i ** * ** ii ** ** ** iii 1.37 * 0.97 ** 0.75 ** iv ** ** ** [] **5% *10% World Bank. (1999). Cambodia Poverty Assessment. p31 54 Kakwani, N (1993) Poverty and Economic Growth with Application to Cote d Ivoire. Review of Income and Wealth 39:

48 /3 1/ % 80% GDP (Under-employment) (3) % 96.4% 52% (Disguised Unemployment) 55 Alan Abrahart,(2000)Cambodia: A Labor Market Study. p.4 40

49 [ ] National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia Statistical Yearbook 2000, [] ( ) 4,845,762 7, ,852 2,194,036 2,014,536 3,739,645 2,408 43,858 1,749,275 1,942,955 3,668,566 2,275 38,327 1,711,900 1,915, ,373 1, ,711 75,809 11, ,209 1,208 77,379 61,284 9, ,744 3, , ,952 60, , , ,732 53, , ,960 66,361 3, , ,740 1,041 1 [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000) Cambodia Statistical Yearbook 2-6 (1999 ) [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000). Cambodia Statistical Yearbook 41

50 GDP GDP i ii [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2000) Cambodia Statistical Yearbook Tan Bock Thiam, ADB TA 1694 CAM, Workshop on SEDP II Development Objectives and Strategies Phnom Penh, Dec. 5 th,

51 NPRD 1996 SEDP SEDP SEDP II (1) NPRD International Committee on the Reconstruction of Cambodia: ICORC NPRD:National Programme to Rehabilitate and Develop Cambodia NPRD NPRD 1995 Implementing the National Programme to Rehabilitate and Develop Cambodia: INPRD) NPRD 6 a. b GDP c. d. e. f. INPRD 3 a. b. c. NRPD INRPD 43

52 (2) 1 SEDP I SEDPIThe First Five-Year Socio-Economic Development Plan NRPD SEDPI Public Investment Program: PIP SEDPI SEDPI NGO I-PRSP SEDPI SEDPI 65 (3) 2 5 SEDPII SEDPI SEDPII WB IMF Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: PRSP SEDPII PRSP PRSP SEDPII SEDPII ADB SEDPII SEDPII PRSP SEDPII

53 2 3 3 a. b. c. 57 PPA: Participatory Poverty Assessment PPA [ ] Asian Development Bank Ministry of Planning,2000National Workshop on the Second Socio-Economic Development Plan , SEDPII SEDPII ADB Socio-Economic Survey 45

54 2.2.2 (1) PIP SEDPI PIP:Public Investment Program PIP PIP PIP NPRD 1 5 SEDPI 3 PIP SEDPI PIP 2-9 PIP 3 SEDPI 5 SEDPI PIP 18 PIP PIP PIP 59 World Bank, (1999), Cambodia Public Expenditure Review: Volume Two, p.43 46

55 2 2-9 SEDPI PIP * PIP , , , , , ( ( 50, , , , , , , , , , / / 62, , , , , , , ,000-75, ,400, * 1,400, [ ] Ministry of Planning, Public Investment Programme Public Investment Programme [] *PIP (2) GDP

56 [ ] National Institute of Statistics. (2001). Statistical Yearbook 2000 World Bank. (1999).Cambodia: Public Expenditure Review IMF WB GDP GDP ( ) [ ] National Institute of Statistics,(2001), Statistical Yearbook 2000 World Bank, Cambodia: Public Expenditure Review GDP

57 [ ] National Institute of Statistics,(2001) Statistical Yearbook SEDP % 10% %

58 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% [ ] Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries 2001, [] NGO 2001 GDP 1.5 GDP 5.75 GDP 12 IMF 60 a. VAT b. c IMF,(2001)Cambodia: Third Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility- Staff Report, IMF Country Report No. 01/

59 (1) a. b. c. d. GDP 1.5 4, ,500 15, ,500 WB SEDP (2) I-PRSP Alan Abrahart. (2001). Cambodia: A Labor Market Study. P.36 51

60 a b. c. d ESP: Education Strategic Plan ESSP: Education Sector Support Program ESSP I-PRSP ESSP PRSP ESSP CSES99 7, , , , , SEDPI World Bank,(1999) Cambodia Poverty Assessment, p.42, Table

61 , NTF [ ] Ministry of Education. (2001). Youth and Sports, Education Sector Support Program Phnom Penh 53

62 2-13 SEDPI [ ] Royal Government of Cambodia(2001), Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, Phnom Penh, p.13, Table2.1 (3) 1996 CSEC , , , Health Care Demand Survey 5 CSEC , , , a. b. c. 65 CSES

63 2 WHO WB WB 68 I-PRSP SEDPI Health Economics Task Force,(2001) Ministry of Health /WHO Health Sector Reform Phase III Project, The Impact of User Fees on Access, Equity and Health Provider Practice in Cambodia, Phnom Pehn, 67 World Bank,(1999) Cambodia Poverty Assessment, 5. Access to Health Services 68 WHO 2km 9.4km World Bank,(1999) Cambodia Poverty Assessment,, p.61 55

64 2-14 SEDPI , , , , , , [ ] Royal Government of Cambodia. (2001). Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Phnom Penh. p13. Table (1) Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: PRSP SEDPII Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: I-PRSP WBIMF I-PRSP WBIMF I-PRSP PRSP I-PRSP PRSP SEDPII 56

65 2 PRSP PRSP SEDPII I-PRSP HIV/IADS NGO [ ] Royal Government of Cambodia. (2001). Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.p.28.Table3.1 I-PRSP SEDP I SEDPI SEDPI 57

66 NGO SEDPI NGO I-PRSP WB IMF PRSP PRSP PAP PIP MTEF PIMS HIV/AIDS [ ] Royal Government of Cambodia. (2001). Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 58

67 2 (2) SEDPI CARD: Council for Agricultural and Rural Development RDC: Rural Development Committee VDC: Village Development Committee VDC VDC a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. NGO VDC 69 VDC 40 59

68 (1) SEDPI SEDPI [ ] Ministry of Rural Development (2000). Second Five Year Socio -Economic Development Plan Phnom Phen. Rural Development Structures: RDS VDC , ,112 VDC VDC LBAT: Labour Based Appropriate Technology 6,956km LBAT WFP: World Food Programme ADB LBAT ADB (Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project: RIIP) ,883 60

69 SEDPII VDC 7,500 5, LBAT 6,956km 28,000km [ ] Ministry of Rural Development. (2000). Second Five Year Socio -Economic Development Plan Phnom Phen, (2) SEDPII SEDPII SEDPII SEDPI Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning

70 2-19 Integrated Rural Accessbility Planning (IRAP) IRAP [ ] Ministry of Rural Development(2000), Second Five Year Socio -Economic Development Plan , Phnom Pehn, ACLEDA ACLEDA Association of Cambodian Local Economic Development Agencies 1993 ILO ACLEDA NGO 70 ACLEDA

71 ACLEDA ,194 8,188 [ ] International Lbour Organization East Asia Multidisciplunary Advisory Team. (2000). Report on Micro and Small Enterprise Development for Poverty Alleviation in Cambodia, Bangkok. P.25 ACLEDA ACLEDA ILO ACLEDA ACLEDA SEILA Seila Seila BanteayMeancheyBattambangPursatSiem ReapOudar MeancheyRatanakiri 6 Pailin Seila 7, NGO1,900 Seila Seila 71 ILO UNDPEUUNCDFWBUNHCRWFPIFAD 63

72 2-21 Seila [ ] SEILA Task Force. (2000). Seila Program Document Phnom Pehn 64

73 GNP 12% ODA GNP 9% ODA ODA UNHCR WFP 1999 WBIDAADB ODA 18 ODA NGO % GNP ODA 5% 21% 65

74 (IMF)WBADB UNDP WB CASCountry Assistance Strategy 2000 ADB SEDP UNDP AusAID Australian Agency for International Development USAIDUnited States Agency for International Development 1997 NGO 74 2 NGO 1980 NGO CG CG NGO Good Governance Human Resource Management Reaching the Poor NGO CG HIV/AIDS 75 Medicam, NGO Forum on Cambodia. Cooperation Committee for Cambodia. (2001). NGO Statement to the 2001 Consultative Group Meeting Cambodia 66

75 3 3-1 ODA 100 ODA DAC GNP % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % [ ] OECD URL: International Development Statistics Online Database Destination of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid - Disbursements 3-2 ODA DAC Japan WB EU ADB UNDP UNHCR [ ] OECD URL: International Development Statistics Online Database Destination of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Disbursements 67

76 3-3 ODA % DAC WB EU ADB UNDP UNHCR [ ] OECD URL: International Development Statistics Online Database Destination of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Disbursements % ( ) [ ] CRDB/CDC (2001), Development Cooperation Report, pp.11 [] CRDB NGO 2000 CRDB

77 NGO 3 76 NGO CG Consultative Group Meeting for Cambodia CRDB (1) CG CG 77 CG CG CG CG 15 WBADBIMF 7 NGO i ii iii iv CG A New Development Partnership Paradigm for Cambodia SEDP-II PRSP CG Advances in Implementing a New Partnership in Cambodia 76 Medicam, NGO Forum on Cambodia, CCC (2001) 560 NGO MedicamNGO Forum on CambodiaCooperation Committee for Cambodia CCC NGO CG 2 Sub-working Group 69

78 Seila Seila UNDP EU UNCDF WBUNHCRWFPIFAD NGO (2) CRDB 1995 CDC: Council for the Development Cambodia CRDB: Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board CRDB CRDB CRDB NGO CRDB CRDB CRDB CRDB CRDB 78 UNDP CRDB 79 CRDB 78 CRDB World Bank. (2000). Country Assistance Evaluation. P.9 WB 79 UNDP/UNOPS Project CMB/96/005 Programme Support for Aid Coordination and Management 70

79 3 3-1 CRDB CDC/CRDB (DCR: Development Cooperation Report) PIP: Public Investement Program PIP 1. CRDB 2. CRDB PIU CRDB 3. CRDB [ ] CRDB/CDC. (1999). Handbook on the Monitoring and Evaluation of Development Projects in Cambodia. p.25 71

80 (1) (IMF) IMF WB 1999 i ii iii 82 Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) ESAF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) PRSP PRGF 3 (2) WB WB CG IMF 80 Full-PRSP WB Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) CAS WB 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) 80 WB IMF Public Expenditure Review 81 World Bank. (2000). Memorandum of the President of the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation to the Executive Directors on a Country Assistance Strategy of the World Bank Group for the Kingdom of Cambodia 72

81 3 WB SWAP: Sector Wide Approach CAS SWAP ADB SWAP WB CAS WB Poverty Assessment Public Expenditure Review WB 1997 Agriculture Productivity Improvement ProjectAPIP 1999 Northeast Village Development ProjectNVDP APIP i ii iii 3 NVDP PRAParticipatory Rural Appraisal Provincial Department of Rural Development (PDRD) 73

82 貧困プロファイル カンボジア 表 3-5 WB のプロジェクトリスト 単位 百万ドル Project Name Project Status Sector Demobilization and Reintegration Project Active Supplemental Credit for Social Fund Project (02) Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project Poverty Reduction Strategy Formulation Project Active Active Active Legal and Regulatory Framework Project Forest Concession Management and Control Pilot Project Structural Adjustment Credit Project Biodiversity and Protected Areas Project Biodiversity & Protected Area Project Education Quality Improvement Project Capacity Building to Enhance Governance and Fight Corruption Project Northeast Village Development Project Active Active Active Active Active Active Active Financial Accountability Project Road Rehabilitation Project Social Fund Project (02) Rule of Law Development Project Urban Water Supply Project Active Active Active Active Active Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project Disease Control and Health Development Project Active Active Phnom Penh Power Rehabilitation Project Closed Economic Rehabilitation Credit Project Support Policy Formulation and Strategic Planning in Higher Education Project Social Fund Project TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Emergency Rehabilitation Project Closed Closed Public Sector Management Social Protection Multisector Public Sector Management Education Agriculture Economic Policy Environment Environment Education Public Sector Management Public Sector Management Finance Transportation Social Protection Education Water Supply & Sanitation Agriculture Health, Nutrition & Population Electric Power & Other Energy Economic Policy Education Closed Active Closed Social Protection Economic Policy Multisector [出所] [注] (3) Active Board Date Total Project Cost 8/23/ /19/2001 3/13/ /8/ /21/2000 6/5/2000 2/29/2000 2/8/2000 2/8/2000 8/31/1999 6/17/ /18/ /10/1999 3/23/1999 3/23/1999 6/3/1998 2/17/ /28/ /24/ /28/ /28/1995 7/20/ /8/ /6/ /26/ 世界銀行ホームページ Pipeline プロジェクトを除く アジア開発銀行(ADB) ADB のカンボジア援助方針は 2000 年 12 月に公表された Country Assistance Plan (CAP)および 2000 年 7 月に公表された Country Operational Strategy にまとめられている CAP の期間中 ADB は 250 百万ドルの融資とその他の技術協力が計画されている ADB は主に計画省をカウンター パートとして SEDP や PIP の策定を支援してきた カ ンボジアの今後の貧困削減政策を定める SEDPII の作成も ADB の支援のもとで実施され ている また 日本や WB とともに主要幹線国道の復旧事業を支援している 森林回復 74

83 3 WB ADB SWAP ADB i ii iii iv v vi 3-6 ADB AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES PROJECT TYPE INITIAL UPDATED Northwestern Rural Development (Rural Development) LOAN 8/Ma/ /Sep/2001 Stung Chinit Irrigation and Rural Infrastructure Project LOAN 1/Jan/ /Nov/2000 Rural Credit and Savings LOAN 1/Mar/1997 7/Sep/2000 Agriculture Sector Program Loan LOAN Aug/1995 Feb/1996 Northwest Irrigation Sector Project PPTA 6Apr/ /Oct/2001 Agriculture Sector Development PPTA Apr/ /Sep/2001 Rural Development PPTA 8/May/ /Jan/2001 Study for Stung Chinit Water Resources Development Project PPTA 10/Aug/ /Oct/1999 Sustainable Forest Management PPTA 19/Aug/ /Feb/1999 ENERGY Provincial Power Supply LOAN 10/Mar/2000 6/Dec/2000 Update of Power Rehabilitation II PPTA 14/Jul/1999 2/Oct/1999 Transport and Communications Primary Roads Restoration LOAN 1/Feb/1996 9/Aug/2000 GMS: Phnom Penh-HCMC Road LOAN 30/Mar/ /Jan/1999 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Education Sector Development Program LOAN 23/Feb/2000 3/Aug/2001 Education Sector Development Project LOAN 23/Feb/ /Jul/2001 Provincial Towns Improvement Project LOAN 1/May/ /Jan/2000 Skills Development LOAN Oct/1994 Dec/1994 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector PPTA 9/Feb/ /Sep/2001 Second Basic Health Services Project PPTA 26/Jan/2001 7/May/2001 Education Sector Development Program PPTA 23/Feb/ /Oct/2000 FINANCE Financial Sector Program Loan LOAN 29/Feb/2000 2/Oct/2001 Financial Sector Development PPTA 29/Feb/ /Feb/2001 OTHERS Decentralization Support Program PPTA 3/Oct/2001 9/Oct/2001 [ ] ADB.URL: [] PPTA: Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (4) UNTAC 2000 UNDAFUnited Nations Development Assistance Framework for Cambodia UNDAF i ii iii iv United Nations System in Cambodia. (2000). UNDAF Cambodia: Together we can make a difference 75

84 UNDP UNDP ibanteay Meanchey Battambang Pursat Siem ReapRatanakiri CARERE: Cambodian Resettlement and Regeneration Project iicmac iii 2000 ivadbwb vsida CARERE 1996 Seila 83 UNDP JHRDF: Japanese Human Resources Development Fund ASEAN JICA Kampong SpeuTakeo JICA ASEAN 85 UNDP ILOInternational Labour Organization ACLEDAAssociation of Cambodian Local Economic Development Agencies UNICEFWHOWFPUNAIDSUNFPA EPI HIV/AIDS (1) JICA JICA JICA i iiasean iii20 iv UNDP. (1998). Cambodia Area Rehabilitation and Regeneration Project JICA URL: JICA

85 3 1 JICA UNDP ASEAN JICA (2) USAID USAID NGO USAID Results Review and Resource Request USAID USAID i ii STI/HIV iii 87 USAID/Cambodia. (2000). Results and Resource Request Review 77

86 USAID UNDP ACLEDA 88 STI/HIV STI/HIV 89 USAID HIV/AIDS 90 (3) AusAID AusAIDAustralia Agency for International Development Cambodia IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) Australia Project Kompong Cham CMACCambodian Mine Action Centre (4) GTZ (a) (b) (c) 3 CVAP (Cambodia Veterans Assistance Program) (5) SIDA SIDA CARERECMAC ACLEIDA UNDP USAID Family Health International Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance 90 USAID USAID Number One

87 NGO 30 NGO 1990 NGO NGO CDC NGO NGO NGO NGO Kampong SpeuKandalBattambangTakeo 36 NGO NGO % 11% Battambang 8%Kampong SpeuKandal 6% NGO =1-5 NGOs =6-15 NGOs =16-25 NGOs =26-35 NGOs =Over 36 NGOs [ ] MEDICAM, NGO Forum on Cambodia, CCC. (2001). NGO Statement to the p NGO 91 MEDICAM, NGO Forum on Cambodia, CCC. (2001). NGO Statement to the

88 3-3 NGO 80

89 WFP 81

90 1 Head-count ratio (Poverty q indicators) * 1 H = n q: n: Poverty gap ratio* 3 depth 1 P = n yi< z z yi z 1 n: z: y i: 2 severity Squared poverty gap ratio * 3 2 Gini coefficient (Inequality indicator) * 1 P 2 1 z yi = n yi< z z 2 n: z: y i: * Theil index* 4 n 1 y y N i i Z (1) = log n i= 1 y y 0 n: lnn y i: 1 y : Income diversification (Vulnerability) * 2 Links to networks [ ] *1 World Bank. (1993). Poverty Reduction Handbook. Washington D.C.: World Bank, pp *2 World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001. Washington D.C.: Oxford University Press, pp *3. (1998).. : No. 487, pp *4 *5. (1998).. : No. 487, pp []*3 2 Foster, Greer & Thorbecke FGT FGT P = 1/n {(z - y i) / z} =1 =2 2 P 12 P 2 *5 82

91 p.6 WFP 1-2 p.7 % D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D p.8 % D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D p.8 % D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D p.20 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D ,587 47,794 53,203 58,003 65,354 75,394 75,770 86, , , , ,854 50,912 57,945 65,080 73,803 83,250 87,121 95, , , ,201 83

92 p.27 km 2 km 2 % 554 1, p ,732 1,742 1, p % 1-9 p % p M

93 2-2 p n.a (%) , , , , , , , , ,905.0 (1 = 2-3 GDP p.35 % =100 p.37 % GDP GDP 2-5 p.37 % ( ) p ,

94 2-7 p.42 % p p

95 3 3-3 NGO p Nationwide Programs 16.46% 9.62% 11.20% Banteay Meanchey 5.98% 6.96% 6.12% Battambang 12.23% 9.55% 8.14% Kampot 2.96% 1.70% 2.43% Kandal 7.39% 7.43% 5.82% Koh Kong 0.03% 0.14% 0.95% Kompong Cham 2.22% 2.72% 2.63% Kompong Chhnang 3.66% 2.12% 2.05% Kompong Speu 4.82% 3.99% 6.41% Kompong Thom 2.99% 4.61% 3.71% Kratie 1.39% 1.91% 1.90% Krong Kep 0.00% 0.07% 0.06% Krong Pailin 0.00% 0.07% 0.10% Krong Sihanouk 0.00% 2.06% 1.73% Mondulkiri 0.24% 0.00% 0.00% Phnom Penh 20.06% 26.64% 26.05% Preah Vihear 0.77% 0.32% 0.73% Prey Veng 3.10% 2.14% 2.06% Pursat 5.43% 5.09% 5.04% Ratanakiri 1.54% 1.28% 1.37% Siem Reap 1.82% 4.74% 4.90% Sihanoukville 1.17% 0.00% 0.00% Stung Treng 0.65% 1.58% 0.00% Svay Rieng 2.50% 1.62% 1.99% Takeo 2.58% 3.66% 2.89% 87

96 3 WFP

97