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2 GCC GCC GCC GCC 1970 GCC GCC GCC GCC 2 2 GCC GCC 2
3 1 (1) GCC 1 Dubai Islamic Bank Bank Dubay al-islāmī 1975 GCC Kuwait Finance House Bayt al-tamwīl al-kuwaitī 1979 Bahrain Islamic Bank Bank al-bahrain al-islāmī GCC (Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt Bank Fay al al-islāmī al-mi rī) Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad 1983 āli Abd Allāh Kāmil [1998: 6] 1963 Mīt Ghamr 1967 Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux[2005: 37], Mohamed Arif, ed.[1988: 68] 1971 Nasser Social Bank 1972 Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux[2005: 37] 1969 Mohamed Arif, ed.[1988: 69]
4 GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC GCC Sa īd A mad Lūtāh GCC GCC 4
5 ,971 Cottrell[1980: 261] (2) GCC
6 1970 GCC b d b d b d b d b d b d 141 b d 228 b d 5 GCC : b/d b 15 d Cottrell[1980: ] GCC
7 * % [1985: 40-41] *
8 / MEED[1975], MEED[1977/78] /78 3, GCC GCC GCC
9 GCC GCC (3) GCC 1970 GCC GCC
10 FO371/3241 [1918] GCC
11 KD
12 2 (1) Netherlands Trading Society Netherlands Trading Society Algemene Bank Nederland 12
13 Saudi Hollandi Bank Netherlands Trading Society 1964 Algemene Bank Nederland 1976 Saudi Hollandi Bank Algemene Bank Nederland Netherlands Trading Society 1885 Gellatly, Hankey & Co Netherlands Trading Society Kostiner[1993: ] Banque de l Indochina Arab Bank 1950 British Bank of the Middle East National Bank of Pakistan Bank Misr 13
14 Dukheil[1995: 27] 1952 SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency Mu assat al-naqd al-su d ya SAMA SAMA National Commercial Bank NCB al-bank Ahlī al-tijār Banque du Caire Banque du Liban et d Outre Mer First National City Bank 1957 Riyad Bank Bank al-riyā 1958 al-bank al-watani 1950 SAMA SAMA R. Wilson[2004: 59] SAMA SAMA SAMA 1957 SAMA 10 SAMA Charter of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency[1957] SAMA SAMA Ramady[2005: 90-91] 1966 Banking Control Law[1966] fee, commission f ida Mallakh[1982: 301]
15 % SAMA Annual Report ) SAMA, Annual Report A.H. 1411A.H. 15
16 Al-Rajhi Banking and Investment Corporation Shariqat al-r ji al-ma rif ya lil-istism r GCC ARCCEC al-rajhi Co. for Currency Exchange and Commerce 1980 ARCCEC SAMA Dukheil[1995: ] SAMA P. W. Wilson[1991: 74] P. W. Wilson[1991: 101] 12 16
17 [1993: 76] [1993: 76] Al Rajhi SAMA 2000 Mu ammad b. Fai al 1979 Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan SAMA
18 Ibrah m K mil P. W. Wilson[1991: ] 1981 Dar al-mal Islamic Trust D r al-m l al-islam DMI DMI 1980 li Abd All h K mil al-baraka Group 1940/41 Dallat al-baraka Group Dallat al-baraka MEED, Jan. 23, 1999 al-baraka DMI 2 DMI P. W. Wilson[1991: 181] DMI 2 SAMA P. W. 18
19 Wilson[1991: 181] 3 DMI
20 SAMA SAMA 2 2 SAMA SAMA SAMA 20
21 1990 NCB Ramady[2005: 175] 1990 Dukheil[1995: 178] Ramady[2005: 148] 21
22 2000 SAMA 2002 Islamic Financial Service Board IFSB 2004 Bank al-bilād 8 SAMA Saudi Press Agency[2005] Bank al-jazīra 2003 NCB SAMA 1980 [2008]
23 GCC SAMA
24 GCC 1 GCC ( ) 1 GCC GCC Cottrell[1980: 246] Cottrell[1980: 262]
25 4 hawāla hundī [2001] SAMA SAMA FF
26 GCC 2008 ( ) b/d , ,791 15, , , , , , ( ) ( ) 26
27 [1985] [1993]. [2001] No [2008] : [1998] Cottrell, Alvin J. ed. [1980] The Persian Gulf States, A General Survey, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University. Dukheil, Abdulaziz M. al- [1995] The Banking System and Its Performance in Saudi Arabia, Saqi Books, London. FO371/3241 [1918] Foreign Office Records, FO371/3241, Memorandum on the situation at Muscat, 24 th July Kostiner, Joseph [1993] The Making of Saudi Arabia From chieftaincy to Monarchical State, Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford. Mallakh, Ragaei El [1982] Saudi Arabia, Rush to Development, Croom Helm, London. MEED [1975] The MEED Financial Directory of the Middle East, MEED, London. MEED [1977/78] Middle East Financial Directory 1977/78, MEED, London. Mohamed Arif ed. [1988] Islamic Banking in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. Munawar Iqbal and Philip Molyneux [2005] Thirty Years of Islamic Banking, History, Performance and Prospects, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire and New York. Ramady, Mohamed A. [2005] The Saudi Arabian Economy, Policies, Achievments and Challenges, Springer, USA. Saudi Press Agency [2005] Establishment of Al-Bilad Bank, April 18, 2005, Wilson, Peter W. [1991] A Question of Interest, The Paralysis of Saudi Banking, Westview Press, San Francisco and Oxford. Wilson, Rodney [2004] Economic Development in Saudi Arabia, Routledge Curzon, London 27
28 Banking Control Law [1966] Royal Decree No.5 dated H. Charter of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency [1957] Royal Decree No.23 dated H. 28
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