CHROMATOGRAPHY, Vol.32 No.3 (2011) Technical Review CoronaCAD Recent Developments in Charged Aerosol Detection Technology and Applications Kyoko Fukus
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1 Technical Review CoronaCAD Recent Developments in Charged Aerosol Detection Technology and Applications Kyoko Fukushima, Kusuo Hashiguchi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masamitsu Okawara Yoko Sekiguchi NIPPON DIONEX K.K Abstract Corona Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) has become standard for many applications in a variety of industries. The Corona is a mass sensitive universal detector for non-volatile and some semi-volatile analytes and response is independent of chemical structure, unlike absorbance, fluorescence, or electrochemical detectors. CAD is an evaporative technique and is based on the charging of aerosol-borne analyte particles by nitrogen gas and corona discharge, with subsequent measurement of the charged analyte particles by a high sensitivity electrometer. The next-generation Corona ultra detector which supported super-high-speed liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in 2009 was developed. This detector can effectively analyze a wide diversity of chemical structures and important classes of molecules. Keywords: Corona, Charged Aerosol Detector, CAD, Corona ultra, UHPLC UV RI ELSD RI ELSD RI ESA CAD: Charged Aerosol Detector RI ELSD CAD UHPLC Corona ultra Hz Corona ultra RS Table NBF Tel: Fax: kyoko.fukushima@thermofisher.com
2 Table 1 Corona CAD vs. Other Detection Methods. Detector Applicability sensitivity Dynamic Consistency of Gradient Ease of use g Range Response CAD UV RI ELSD JIS K Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of Corona CAD. Figure CAD Table
3 Kyoko Fukushima, Kusuo Hashiguchi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masamitsu Okawara and Yoko Sekiguchi High MW - Neutral, nonpolar - Neutral, polar - Acidic - Zwitterionic - Table 2 Broad Applicability. Albumin, Dextrin Estradiol, Umbelliferone Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Sucrose Propranolol, Nortriptyline, Amitriptyline, Caffeine Homocysteine, Methionine, Glutathione Figure 2 CAD Response among non-volatile analytes. Figure CAD ng Corona ultra CoronaCAD Hz UHPLC Corona ultra Hz UHPLC UHPLC pg Figure Figure Corona ultra Figure 3 Sampling Rate. Corona ultra RS Hz
4 Figure 4 Isocratic HILIC separation and CAD of simple carbohydrates. CAD MS Table µm Corona ultra CAD HPLC CAD Table 3 Compatible Volatile Mobile Phase Constituents. Additive/Buffer pka Buffer Range Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) 0.3 Formic Acid Ammonium Formate Acetic Acid Ammonium Acetate Figure Inverse GradientFigure Figure Figure Figure
5 Kyoko Fukushima, Kusuo Hashiguchi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masamitsu Okawara and Yoko Sekiguchi Figure 5 Gradient reversed-phase separation and detection of amino acid with CAD (1µg each on column). Figure 6 The Principle of Inverse Gradient.
6 Figure 7 Two Ways of Instrumental Implementation of Inverse Compensation Gradient. Figure 8 Inverse gradient analysis of catechin.
7 Kyoko Fukushima, Kusuo Hashiguchi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masamitsu Okawara and Yoko Sekiguchi Figure 9 The Influence of the Inverse Gradient on Detector Response - Calibration Curves. ( Epigallocatechin, Gallocatechin, Catechin gallte, Gallocatechin gallate) CAD Figure CoronaCAD UV MS PITTCON Editor s Award R&D Award [1] Dixon, R. D.; Person, D. S. Anal. Chem., 2002, 74, [2] Macarthy, R.; Gamache, P.; Asa, D. LabPlus international June, [3] Senda, M.; Fukushima, K.; Hashiguchi, K.; Matsumoto, T.; Gamache, P. H.; Waraska, J. C.; Asa, D. Chrmatography, 2006, 27, [4] Gorki, T.; Lynen, F.; Szucs, R.; Sandra, P. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(9),
8 Figure 10 HPLC-CAD chromatograms of Anions and Cations (Mineral Waters).
9 Kyoko Fukushima, Kusuo Hashiguchi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masamitsu Okawara and Yoko Sekiguchi Figure 11 Analysis of Egg Lecithin.
10 Figure 12 Analysis of the Steviol glucoside in the stevia sweetener.
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