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- みさき よどぎみ
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5 Randomized Trees
6 CV 1: [Lepetit et al., 2006]
7 CV 2: [Shotton et al., 2008]
8 CV 3: [Amit & Geman, 1997] [Moosmann et al., 2006] [ et al., 2010]
9 CVへの応用例4: TomokazuMitsui パーツベースの人検出 [三井 et al., 2011] 人の領域をパーツに分割し RTsによるマルチクラス識別器を構築 図 3 提案手法における学習と識別の流れ のサブセットに分ける ネガティブサンプルについては 提案手法 N 個のパーツ全てにネガティブクラスとして N 番目のクラ スを与える 提案手法では N=6 であるため ポジティ ブクラスの各パーツには 0 5 ネガティブクラスには 6 のクラスが与えられる これらのサンプルを用いて 2 章 で示す Randomized Trees のアルゴリズムに従いマルチ 図 2 提案手法における学習サンプルの分割 従来法 クラス識別器を構築する 決定木の各末端ノードは 7 ク れる 以下より提案手法によるパーツベースへの拡張と 学習 識別について述べる 3.1 パーツベースへの拡張 図 8 人検出例 ラスの分布を持つこととなる 3.3 識別 識別の流れを図 3(b)に示す 入力された未知サンプ
10 Randomized Trees
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13 D C tree1 treet
14 Randomized Trees I T tt J jjj j j
15 I i I vi ci T I I1 I2 IT
16 I I1 I2 IT
17 Randomized Trees I T tt J jjj j j
18
19 p S i!"#$%&i&'"($)&*+,-.&p (21!21 "#!$%&'#('$!"$)#*$(+&,' f(p) = P x1,y 1,c 1 f(p) = P x1,y 1,c 1 + P x2,y 2,c 2 f(p) = P x1,y 1,c 1 P x2,y 2,c 2 f(p) = P x1,y 1,c 1 P x2,y 2,c 2 S(v) = left f(v) <t right otherwise f : t : J. Shotton ICVSS tutorial
20 ft 1.0 Freq {(2, 0.1)1, ( 993, 0.3 )2, ( 6, 0.2 )3, ( 999, 0.2 )4,..., ( 4, 0.3 )J} J = ( 1000) 32 [Breiman 01]
21 Randomized Trees I T tt J jjj j j
22 I l = {i I n f j (v i ) <t j } Il : I r = I n \ I l Ir : ΔE E j = I l I n E(I l) I r I n E(I r) E :
23 1 2 y : 4 3 : 4 33 x
24 1 y y Il 1 Ir x Pl (c) Pr (c) n : E(I) = P i log 2 P i i=1 E(I l )=1.10 E(I r )=1.10 : E = I l I n E(I l) I r I n E(I r) = 1.10 x
25 2 y x y 2 Pl (c) Pr (c) n : E(I) = P i log 2 P i E(I l )=1.0 Il Ir E(I r )=1.0 i=1 : E = I l I n E(I l) I r I n E(I r) = 1.0 x
26 3 1 y y 3 Ir x Pl (c) Pr (c) n : E(I) = P i log 2 P i i=1 E(I l )=1.16 E(I r )=1.21 Il : E = I l I n E(I l) I r I n E(I r) = x
27 4 y 1 2 : 4 3 : 4 33 E 1 = 1.10 E 2 = 1.0 max E 3 = x
28 Randomized Trees I T tt J jjj j j
29
30 Ir Il y Il Ir x Pl (c) : E(I) = E(I l )=0.0 E(I r )=0.0 Pr (c) n P i log 2 P i i=1 : E = I l I n E(I l) I r I n E(I r) =0.0
31 y x 3
32 Pn (c) In IT C
33 Randomized Trees I T tt J jjj j j
34 T v v tree t 1 tree t T P 1 (c v) Average + + C i P t (c v) P (c v) = 1 T = arg max c i T 8 T P t (c v) t=1 1 P (c i v)
35 I i Ici ξ c = [c = c i ] i I 1 C
36 RTs
37 480 ΔE 0.68 x
38 ΔE 0.04 x 233
39 ΔE 0.23 y 227
40 () ΔE 0.0 x 256
41
42
43 SIFT Sinha, Sudipta: SIFT-GPU 2006 Bay et al.: SURF Lowe: SIFT Ke, Sukthankar: PCA-SIFT 2004 Mikolajczyk, Schmid: GLOH 2005
44
45
46 SIFT SURF SIFT SURF OpenCV2.1 SIFT-GPU
47 SIFT Lepetit, Fua: RTs 2006 Sinha, Sudipta: SIFT-GPU 2006 Bay et al.: SURF Lowe: SIFT Ke, Sukthankar: PCA-SIFT 2004 Mikolajczyk, Schmid: GLOH 2005
48
49 Keypoint Recognition using Randomized Trees [Lepetit et al., 2006]
50
51 LoG
52 Iσ R R
53 R LoG 50 R [pixel] 100
54
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57 x, y : x, y :
58
59 Randomized Trees N
60 32 32 入 力力 1 2 N = c
61
62 2 m P Iσ
63 4 m P Iσ
64 SIFT v u o u,v 4 4 o
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68 SIFT 18 5
69 SiftGPU 19 6
70 SURF 25 13
71 Randomized Trees 38 38
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73 Randomized Trees
74
75 [, et al., 2010] ViewpointKeypointRandomized Trees
76 :Randomized Trees
77 :Randomized Trees
78 z
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80 Viewpoint
81 1 :Viewpoint Randomized Trees
82 1 :Viewpoint Randomized Trees
83 1Viewpoint
84 1Viewpoint
85 2 :Keypoint Randomized Trees T Viewpoint T Viewpoint 2 K K K T2 2 1 K K K Viewpoint K
86 2 : Keypoint
87
88 RTs ASIFT RTs SURF SIFT
89
90 Fast Keypoint Recognition using Random Ferns [Özuysal et al.,2010] Ferns ()
91 Ferns 1 Fern ci (011)2 = (101)2 = (010)2 = (011)2 = 3 ci
92 Ferns 2 Ferns c1 c2 c3 Fern 1 Fern 2 Fern T
93 Ferns Ferns c1 c2 c3 (010)2 (110)2 (011)2
94 Randomized Trees
95 1
96 2
97 3
[1] SBS [2] SBS Random Forests[3] Random Forests ii
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