Title 修辞理解のメカニズムに関する基礎的研究 : 転義現象の分析を中心に Author(s) 小松原, 哲太 Citation Kyoto University ( 京都大学 ) Issue Date URL
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1 Title 修辞理解のメカニズムに関する基礎的研究 : 転義現象の分析を中心に Author(s) 小松原, 哲太 Citation Kyoto University ( 京都大学 ) Issue Date URL Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University
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6 ( [ ] ( ) (2006) (metaphor) (chassé croisé[ ]) (sicilia amissa[ ]) Aristotle (1992/330BC-abt), Black (1962/1954)
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12 ABT about MOD modification ADJ adjective MTNY metonymy AM action marker MTNYC metonymic AMB ambiguous MTPR metaphor ANTCLA antanaclasis MTPRC metaphoric ANTE antecedent N noun ANTI antithesis NP noun phrase ANTIM antimeria NEG negation ANTIP antiptosis NOM nominal ANTO anotonym NP noun phrase APEU à-peu-prés[ ] OXYM oxymoron APOSIO aposiopesis P phonological pole ATLG attelage PARONM paronomasia C case ( PRED predicate CC chassé croisé[ ] ( PRED-FOCUS predicate focused CONSE consequence ( S semantic pole CONST construction ( SA sicilia amissa[ ] CONTR contrastive SIM simile COP copulative SOLE solecistic COUP couplet SPEC species CTG category ( SYLP syllepsis DECRP description SYNES synesis DM double meaning SYNEC synecdoche ELLIP ellipsis TAUPH taughtophony ENLAGE enallage TE transferred epithet EXP explicit TOP topic FEAT feature TR transitive HYPB hyperbole V verb HYPL hypallage VP verb phrase INT integrate W word LITO litotes WP wordplay MEIO meiosis ZGMA zeugma METLP metalepsis 11
13 12
14 1 Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Volume I Theoretical Prerequisites (figurative language) (Langacker 1987: 1)
15 5 6 14
16 2 (trope) µ (metaphor) 4.2 (metonymy)
17 (a) (b) (c) (d) 2.1: (1) 2 Barthes (1979/1970), (1973: ), (1994), (1995) 3 Gibbs (1994: ) Giora (1997, 1999) (salience) 16
18 : 137 (1) [ ] Plato (1967/390BC-abt,/), Aristotle (1992/330BCabt, 1997/330BC-abt), Cicero (2000/54BC, 1999/55BC), Quintilianus (2005/95-abt, 2009/95- abt) (Barthes 1979/1970: 23) (ibid., 19 25) (a-1) (a-2) (a-3) [a-1] Aristotle (1997/330BC-abt: 78 83) (onoma) 8 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 17
19 (a) (b) (c) (d) (ibid., 79) (metaphora) (1) [a-2] Aristotle (1992/330BC-abt: ) (ibid., ) (1) [a-3] (ibid., 347) (1) Jakobson (1981/1956), Ullmann (1957), Barthes (1971/1964, 1979/1970), le groupe µ (1981/1970) µ µ (a-4) (a-5) [a-4] (Aristotle 1997/330BC-abt: 78) µ (le groupe µ 1981/1970: 53) (ibid., 72) (1) 18
20 (ibid., 53) motion body-part [a-5] (métasémème) (ibid., 50) (trope) (ibid., 179) (1) motion body-part body-part celestial Ricoeur (1998/1975: ) µ (ibid., 64) (ibid., 65) µ µ (ibid., 98) µ 4 Grice (1975), (1978) (conversational maxims) (a-6) [a-6] (Grice 1975: 45) (1) (2) (ibid., 46) (1) 4 Chomsky (1965: 149) 19
21 (ibid., 53) µ (A) (A) Jakobson (1981/1956) 5 Barthes (1971/1964) (b-1) (b-2) [b-1] (selection) (combination) (Jakobson 1981/1956: 61) (association) (syntagm) (ibid., 60) (similarity) (ibid., 61) (contiguity) (ibid.) 5 Lacan (1977/1957) (1988: ), (1998: ) Barthes (1972/1967) 20
22 (metaphoric way) (metonymic way) (ibid., 76) (1) [b-2] 2.1: Jakobson (1981/1956: 76 77) (M s ) (M c ) (P s ) hut, cabin, palace, den litter, poverty (P c ) is poor little house burnt out 2.1 (ibid.) (hut) P s P c M s M c (P s ) (P c ) (M s P s ) hut hut cabin palace den 6 (M s P c ) hut poor little house (ibid., 77) (M c P c ) burnt out litter poverty (ibid.) (1) (M s P s ) 2.1 (M s P c ) (M c P s ) 6 hut den 21
23 7 (b-3) [b-3] Barthes (1971/1964: 191) (ibid., 192) (ibid., ; ) Lakoff and Johnson (1980) Lakoff and Turner (1989), Lakoff (1993), Langacker (1993), Kövecses and Radden (1998), Köevecses (2000) (1982, 1992, 2004, 2007), (1997), (2002), (2002b) Lakoff (1987), Taylor (1989), (1988, 1995), (2003) Barcelona (2000), Radden (2000) (b-4) (b-5) [b-4] 7 den hut the hut is den 22
24 (Lakoff 1993: 209) (conceptual domain) (mapping) (ibid., 208) (ibid., 210) (1) [b-5] (ibid., 245) (1) (B) (B)
25 Richards (1936) Black (1962/1954), Beardsley (1958) Ricoeur (1998/1975), Levin (1979) (c-1) [c-1] (vehicle) (tenor) (interaction) (Richards 1936: 100) (1) [ ] [ ] (c-2) (c-3) [c-2] (focus) (frame) (Black 1962/1954: 27) (1) (extension of meaning) (ibid., 39) (ibid.) (1) [ ] [c-3] (ibid.) 24
26 (organized) (associated commonplaces) (principal subject) (seen through) (ibid., 41) (ibid., 42) (1) 8 (1879), (1889), (1909) (1927/1893), (1902), (2007/1905) ( 1978, 1981, 1986, 1987, 1996, 2006) (c-4) [c-4] (1978: 77) (ibid., ) (1) 8 (1968/1961), (1988) 25
27 (C) (C) 26
28 (A) (B) (C) (I) (II) (III) (I) (rhetorical conditions) (II) (rhetorical action) (III) (rhetorical effects) (2) :
29 (I-1) (I-2) [I-1] (6) (Trnka s law)(trnka 1982/1936) (selection rules)(chomsky 1965: 149) [I-2] (rhetorical focus) (6) (II-1) (II-2) 28
30 [II-1] (vehicle) (tenor) (domain of vehicle) (domain of tenor) (6) [ ] (6) (6) [ ] [II-2] (associative relation) (syntagmatic relation) (metaphoric action) (6) [ ] [ ] (metonymic action) [ ] [ ] [ ] 29
31 : (6) (metaphor) (3) : 267 (3) (I) (II) 30
32 [ ] (III) (metonymy) (4) : 46 (4) (I) (II) [ ] [ ] (III) (paronomasia) (5) : 36 (5) (I) (II) (III) 31
33 4.3.3 (transferred epithet) (6) : 60 (6) (I) (II) (III)
34 3 (i) (ii) (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) 3.1 (ii) 3.2 (iii) (schema) (Langacker 1987: 65) 33
35 (semantic space) (phonological space) (Langacker 1987: 76) 3.1: Langacker (1987: 77) 2 (grammar) (usage event) (ibid.: 57) (ibid.: 66) (sym) (bipolar) (semantic pole) (phonological pole) (semantic unit) (phonological unit) 2 (Langacker 1987: 79) 34
36 3 (conceptualization) (vocalization) (symbolic unit) (cod) (coding) (target structure) 4 (ibid.: 493) (categorization) 3.1 (ibid.: 68) (i) (ii) (ibid.: 66) (i) (ii) 3 (unit) (Langacker 1987: 494) 4 (Langacker 1987: 493) 35
37 [NP 1 NP 2 ] : 3.2 (a) (entity) (X)
38 entity (Langacker 1987: 198) (b) (profile) (base) (designated) [ ] X [X] (c) (correspondence line) (d) (thing) (ibid.,183) (e) (relation) 3.3: Langacker (1987: 249) (interconnection) (ibid.,198) (non-processual relation) (f) t (process) (g) tr lm (trajector) (landmark) (ibid.,217) (h) n (norm) 37
39 3.4: 3.4 (i) (noun) (j) (verb) (k) (adjective) (l) (adveb) 3.5:
40 (m) (metaphoric action) (n) (metonymic action) (1) : (1) [A] (1) Mn 39
41 3.6: (1) [ ] [ ] (1) [ ] 3.6 [A] [A] 3.7 [B] 3.7: (1) [A] [B] [B] [A] [A] [B] [B] 40
42 3.6 [A] 3.7 [B] (i) (ii) (iii) (i) [A] (1) (ii) [A] [B] (iii) 3.6 (integration) (composite structure) 3.6 [ ] [B] [ ] (reference-point) R 1 D 1 T 1 41
43 3.8: R 2 D 2 T 2 D 1,D 2 [ ] D 1 D Langacker (1993) 42
44 3.2.1 (reductionist approach) (usage-based) (network model) (Langacker 1987: 371) (i) (ii) (i) (prototype) (similarity) (ibid.) (prototype model) (ii) (schema) (ibid.) (elaborate) (ibid.) (schematicity) (ibid., 133) (model based on schematicity) (ibid., 371) (horizontal) (vertical) (outward) (upward) 43
45 (ibid., 373) (network model) 6 (target) T (standard) S (discrepancy) V S T V S (i) (ii) S T V S (schema) S T (instantiation) T S T S S T V S (prototype) S T (extension) T S T S S T (schematization) (conceptualizer) S T (overlook) (ibid., 372) (ibid.) (ibid., 373) 3.9 Prototype Extension Schema 7 Schema Prototype Extension Schema Prototype Extension 3.9: Langacker (1993: 2) (2000: 181) 6 (radial model) (Langacker 1993: 2) 7 Langacker (1993: 2) 3.9 ( 2000: 240) 44
46 S T V S T V (topography model) 8 8 Langacker (2006: ) (moutain range model) 45
47 (domain) (realm of potential value) (Langacker 1987: 133) (category domain) (topography model) 3.10 B P B E B S H S A S 3.10: A S H S H S A S B S B S B P B E 3.10 (specificity) 46
48 B E B S B E :
49
50 '( 4.1:!"# %& $
51 (rhetorical condtions) (rhetorical action) (rhetorical effects) (antanaclasis)[ ] (1) : 199 (1) [ ] [ ] (paronomasia)[ ] (à-peu-prés[ ])[ ] 50
52 (transferred epithet)[ ] (2) : 60 (2) (ellipsis)[ ] (enallage)[ ] (synesis)[ ] (hypallage)[ ] (synecdoche)[ ] (3) : 47 (3) (metaphor)[ ] (attelage)[ ] (hyperbole)[ ] (litotes)[ ] (oxymoron)[ ] (metonymy)[ ]
53 (simile)[ ] (4) : 9 (4) (metonymy)[ ] (5) : 46 (5) [ ]
54 (enallage)[ ] (6) : 74 (6) [ ] [ ] (oxymoron)[ ] (7) : 20 (7)
55 (ellipsis)[ ] (8) : 306 (8) [ ] (metaphor)[ ] (9) : 174 (9) (simile)[ ] (attelage)[ ] (hyperbole)[ ] (sicilia amissa[ ])[ ] (10) : 19 54
56 (10) (metonymy)[ ] (synecdoche)[ ] (metalepsis)[ ] (hypallage)[ ] (transferred epithet)[ ] 4.3 (paronomasia)[ ] (11) : 36 (11) (antanaclasis)[ ] (à-peu-prés[ ])[ ] (zeugma solecistic)[ ] (12) 1 (iconicity) 55
57 : 275 (11) [ ] [ ] (synesis)[ ] 56
58 (metaphor) (associative relation) (syntagmatic relation) (similarity) 57
59 2 [A B ] (1) : 174 (1) (ground) 3 [A B] (possessive expression) (2) : 14 (2) (1) (1) 4.2 (1)(2) MTPR-cop 4.2: (MTPR-cop) 2 (1988: 15 20) 3 [X ] X 58
60 [ ] 4 (3) : 4 (3) (personification) (4) : 137 (5) : 267 (4) (5) 4.3 MTPR-pred [ ] 4.3: (MTPR-pred) (4) [ ] 4 [ ]
61 (6) : 351 (7) : 174 (6) (7) [ ] (7) 4.4 MTPR-nom [ ] 4.4: (MTPR-nom) [ ] (simile) (action marker) 60
62 5 (8) : 262 (9) : 9 (8) (9) 6 (10) : 11 (11) : 27 (10) (12) 5 (allegory) 6 (1978: 48 78) 61
63 (12) : 43 (12) [ X ] 4.5 SIM-decrp AM 4.5: (SIM-decrp) AM (10)(11)(12) (13) : 32 (14) ( ) ( ) : 6 (13) [ ] [ ] [ ] 62
64 (14) [ ] [ ] 4.6 SIM-pred-focus AM SIM-decrp V 1 [ ] [ ] 4.6: (SIM-predfocus) ' ' '" )( ' ()'*! "!"#$!" % ' )( % % & & 4.7: 4.7 [1] SIM-nom SIM-decrp SIM-pred-focus 63
65 (simile(pred-type)) (simile(cop-type)) [2] MTPRC-pred SIM-pred-focus MTPR-pred [3] MTPRC (metaphoric trope) (attelage) 7 8 (15) : 104 (16) : 15 (15) [ ] (16) 4.8: (ATLG) 7 attelage le groupe µ (1981/1970) ( 2006: ) 8 (zeugma) zeugma (4.7.1 ) (4.8.3 ) (4.3.1 ) zeugma 64
66 [ ] [ ] 4.8 ATLG MTPR-cop CONTR MTPR-cop [ ] [ ] [ ] V #$" #$" -".. #$" #$" *'","," )#" %#'("!" + "," % )#" )#$" & & & & 4.9: 65
67 4.9 [1] MTPRC-cop ATLG MTPR-cop [2] SYLP DM ATLG SYLP (double meaning) [3] DM SIM-pred-focus 66
68 4.3 (wordplay) (Guiraud 1979/1976: 7) (substitution) (ibid., 8) (métaphore) 4.10: Guiraud (1979/1976: 9 10) (syllepsis) 9 9 ( 1988: 127) 67
69 (1) : (1) [ VP] [ VP] (1) (2) : 106 (3) : 134 (2) [ X ] [X ] (3) [ N] [N ] 4.11: Langacker (1987: 80)
70 3.1.1 (a) dog (b) (Langacker 1987: 78) (ibid., 79) 4.12 SYLP W S 1 W S 2 W P 1 Phonological Space W S 1 W S 2 [ X ] [X ] W P 1 CONST 1 CONST 2 [ X ] X 4.12: (SYLP) 10 W S 1 W S 2 W S 2 W S (antnaclasis) (4) 10 [ X ] [ ] 69
71 : 38 (5) : 105 (4) [ ] [ ] (5) (4) (5) (6) : 199 (7) : 16 (6) (7) (4) [ V][ V] [ ] 4.13 (4) (7) ANTCLA Phonological Space W P 1 [ ] W P 1 70
72 W P 1 [ ] /tsu/ /ka/ W P 1 W S 2 W S 1 CONST : (ANTCLA) CONST 2 W P 1 [ ] (4) (5) (6) (7) (paronomasia) (8) 11 : 36 (8) /appa/ 11 (2006: 160) 71
73 ( 1988: 138) (9) : 298 (9) (10) : 49 (11) : 36 (10) (11) [ ] [ ] 72
74 4.14 PARONM W S 1 W S 2 Phonological Space W P 1 W P 2 W P 1 W P 2 12 (12) ( ) 4.14: (PARONM) : 131 (12) (12) (à-peu-prés[ ]) (13) ( ) : 36 (13) [X ] [ ] 12 Kawahara and Shinohara (2009), Kawahara (2009) 73
75 (14) ( ) : 187 (14) (14) 4.15 [ ] W P 2 W P 3 W P 3 W P 2 W P 3 W S : (APEU) (15) : 135 (15) 74
76 4.3.5 # $,(-' (+ %&%' &( * ) ' "!! % 4.16: 4.16 [1] AMB SYLP ANTCLA [2] TAUPH (tautophony) ANTCLA PARONM APEU [3] WP Phonological Space 75
77 ( 1986: 54) (Jakobson 1960: 358) (selection) (combination) (rhyme) (alliteration) (message) (Jakobson 1960: 356) 76
78 (hyperbole) 13 (1) : 10 (1) Leech (1969: ) Leech (1983: ) (2001) 14 (1978: ) 77
79 (2) : 160 (3) : (2) [ ] [ ] (3) [ ] (4) : 9 (4) (4) 4.17: Langacker (1987: 133) 78
80 4.17 (norm) (HEIGHT SCALE) tall exactly six feet five and one-half inches tall 4.18 HYPB-mtpr [ ] n 4.18: (HYPB-mtpr) [ ] 4.17 (5) : 76 (5) 79
81 [A B] 15 (adynaton) (6) : 11 (6) 4.19 HYPB-sim AM (5) 4.19: (HYPB-sim) (i) (ii) (action marker) (1961) 80
82 (7) : 185 (7) [ ] 4.20 (7) HYPB-lito AM (i) 4.20: (HYPB-lito) (ii) 81
83 4.4.2 (litotes) (8) : 26 (9) : 9 (8) (9) (8) (9) (politeness) (10) : 16 82
84 (10) [ ] (10) 4.21: Langacker (1991: 134) 4.21 (existence) (location) (non-existence) (Langacker 1991: 132) M (negation) (ibid., 133) M M M M M 4.22 LITO-anto 4.22: (LITO-anto) [ ] 83
85 (11) : 11 (11) [ ] 4.23: (LITO-double) 4.23 LITO-double LITOanto 17 (12) : (meiosis) 84
86 (13) : 46 (12) (13), 4.24 LITO-meio 4.24: (LITO-meiosis) [1] EXP SIM-nom HYPB-sim SIM-nom [2] HYPB [3] HYPB HYPB-lito HYPB-sim [4] HYPB-lito bf LITO-meio [5] LITO-anto LITO-double LITO-neg 85
87 "#$% " )% "% "'% " (% *., *0, *+, *-, */, "#$% "#$% "% "% "&% "!% "#$%! 4.25: 86
88 4.5 [ ] (antithesis) ( 1981: 117) (1) 87
89 (2) : 448 : 30 (1) [NP 1 NP 2 NP 3 ] NP 2 NP 3 (2) [NP 1 NP 2 NP 3 ] (1) NP 2 NP 3 (3) : 442 (3) [NP 1 NP 2 NP 3 ] NP 2 NP 3 [ ] [ ] 88
90 4.26 ANTI-nom CONTR CONTR CONST [NP X ] (1) (3) 4.26: (ANTI-nom) 18 (4) : 12 (5) : 37 (4) [NP 1 NP 2 NP 3 ] (5) 18 (parallelism) (isocolon) 89
91 [NP VP] (5) [ ] [ ] 19 (6) : 486 (6) [V VP] [ ] (3) 4.27 ANTI-coup CONST 1 [NP VP] 4.27: (ANTI-coup) 19 (maxim) 90
92 4.5.2 (oxymoron) (1994) ( 1981, Leech 1969) ( 2002a, 1989) 20 (7) 20 (paradox) (tautology) 91
93 : 21 (8) 21 : 20 (7) (8) (7) (8) (i) (ii) (8) [ ] [ ] (iii) 4.28: (OXYM-anti) 4.28 OXYM-anti ANTI-nom ANTI-coup 21 (1981: 134) 92
94 CONTR CONST (i) (8) [ ] [ ] [NP 1 NP 2 ] (ii) [ ] [ ] (9) 22 : 89 (13) [ ] [ ] (10) : 131 (10) [ ] [ ] [ ] (13) 22 (1977: 220) 93
95 (11) : 265 (12) : 15 (11) [ ] (12) [ ] 4.29 OXYM-synec 4.29: (OXYMsynec) [ ] [ ] [1] ANTI-contr OXYM-anti ANTI-nom [2] ANTI-relation OXYM-anti ANTI-coup [3] ANTI MTPRC 94
96 $% $!" # % $ $ $ % % 4.30: [4] OXYM-synec MTNYC (1) Bain (1887: 24 27) 95
97 ( 1976/1965: ) (8) (13) : 7 96
98 4.6 Aristotle (1992/330BC-abt) 23 (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Taylor 1989, Kövecses and Radden 1998, 1988, 2003) ( 1988: ) : (Ruwet 1986/1975, Langacker 1993, 1999/1995, 2009a,b, 2004, 2002, 2004) (Langacker 2009a: 46) 3.1 (contiguity) Blank (1999) 25 97
99 (metonymy) [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] N 1 (1) : 46 (1) [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] (2) 98
100 : 160 (2) [ ] (1) [N 1 N 2 ] N 1 N 2 N 1 N 2 N 1 N 1 (3) 26 : 69 (4) : 37 (5) : 113 (3) [ ] (4) [ ] (5) [ ] 4.32 MTNY-feat [N 1 N 2 ] [ ] 4.32: (MTNY-feat) [N 1 N 2 ] N
101 (6) 27 (7) : 84 : 199 (6) (6) [N 1 N 2 ] N 1 N 2 (7) (8) : 20 (8) (6)(7) (8) ( 2000: 87 90) 4.33: (MTNY-part) 4.33 [N 1 N 2 ] tr/lm 27 (1988: 105) 100
102 [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] (synecdoche) 28 [N 1 N 2 ] [N 1 N 2 ] N 2 [N 1 N 2 ] N 1 N 2 N 1 N 2 (9) : 47 (10) (11) : 26 : 240 (9) [ ] (10) [ ] (9) [ ]
103 4.34 SYNEC-kind MTNY-feat (copulative) [ ] 4.34: (SYNEC-kind) [N 1 N 2 ] N 1 (12) (13) : 78 : 167 (12)(13) [ ] [ ] [ ] (12) (13) 4.35: (SYNEC-spec) 102
104 4.35 SYNEC-spec MTNYpart (copulative) [ ] %!"! #$ #$ 4.36: 4.36 [1] MTNYC-lm [2] MTYNC-tr [3] MTNYC-nom (metalepsis) (antecedent consequence) 103
105 (14) : 122 (15) : 84 (16) : 86 (14) [ ] (15) (16) 4.37: (METLP-ante) 4.37 METLP-ante ( 2004, Gibbs 1994) 104
106 (17) : (18) : 81 (19) : 288 (17) [ ] [ ] (18) (19) (17)(18) [ ] 4.38 METLP-conse 4.38: (METLP-conse) (19) (14) 105
107 ! 4.39: [1] METLP [2] MTNYC-lm [3] MTNYC-tr [4] MTNYC [N 1 N 2 ] N 2 [ ] [ ] 106
108 (ellipsis) 29 Halliday and Hasan (1976: ) (i) (ii) (iii) (nominal ellipsis) (verbal ellipsis) (clausal ellipsis) 29 (brachylogy) 107
109 4.40 the cat won t catch mice in winter (i) (nominal group) (ii) (verbal group) 4.40: Halliday and Hasan (1976: 194) (iii) (propositional) (modal) (1) (2) a. b. (1) [ ] (2a) [ ] (2b) [ ] (2a) [ ] (2b) [ ] (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 194) 108
110 (3) : 58 (6) [ ] (4) : 387 (5) 30 : 58 (4) [ ] (5) 31 [ ][ ] (5) [ ] [ ]
111 (4) 4.41 ELLIP-nom 4.41: (ELLIP-nom) (zeugma) 32 (6) (7) : 140 : 333 (6) (7) (7) 32 zeugma (zeugma solecistic) (attelage) (syllepsis) zeugma 110
112 [ ] (8) (9) : 306 : 79 (8) [ ] (9) [ ] (10) : : (ELLIPpred) (10) [ ] [ ] [ ] 4.42 ELLIP-pred [ ] 111
113 (11) : 28 (11) (aposiopesis) 33 (12) ( ) 33 (2006) (suspension) (contre-interprétation[ ]) (paralipsis) 112
114 : 58 (12) [ ] [ ] [ ] (13) ( ) : 10 (13) (14) : 61 (14) [ ] [ ] (indirect speech act) (15) : 19 (15) [ ] [ ] 113
115 (16) : 52 (16) [ ] [ ] 4.43 APOSIO CONST [ ] CONST [ ] [ ] 4.43: (APO- SIO) ( 1981: 38) [1] ELLIP-part APOSIO ELLIP-nom [2] ELLIP 114
116 ( ' $%&$ "#! "# 4.44: MTNYC [3] APOSIO ANTI 115
117 116
118 (enallage) 34 (2006) (antiptosis) 35 (1) : enallage 35 ( 2006: 124) (semantic role) (deep case) 117
119 (2) : 189 (1) (1) (2) (1) (1)(2) (3) : 74 (3) 4.47 ENLAGE-antip C 1 C 1 [ ] 4.45: (ENLAGE-antip) (2009/1993) 118
120 37 bean beans s (antimeria) (4) : 120 (5) : 201 (4) [ ] 37 (3) (1993) (1995: ) 119
121 (5) [ ] [XX ] (6) 38 : 131 (6) [X ] 4.46 ENLAGE-antim CTG 1 CTG : (ENLAGE-antim) CTG 1 CTG 2 CONST 1 [X N] [X ] CONST 1 CTG
122 (7) : 29 (7) [ ] (synesis) (8) : 59 (8) [ ] (8) [ ] [ ] 121
123 (9) ( ) : 244 (9) (10) ( ) : 270 (10) [ ] 4.47 SYNES 4.47: (SYNES) (8) [ ] 122
124 4.8.3 (zeugma solecistic) (11) 42 : 275 (12) : 532 (11) 4.48 ZGMAsole-pred 4.48: (ZGMA-solepred) 39 zeugma ( 2006: 21 27) zeugma zeugma solecistic 40 Halliday and Hasan (1976) (2006: 137) 123
125 [ ] (13) : 355 (13) [ ] [ ] 4.49 ZGMA-sole-nom 4.49: (ZGMA-solenom) [ ] [1] ENALGE [2] 124
126 & #! ", $%&'' ()*+,- $%&'' $%&'' (.,- 4.50: SYNES ENLAGE-antip ENLAGE-antip SYNES [3] ZGMA-sole-pred SYNES [4] ZGMA-sole-nom ENLAGE-antip [5] INT 125
127 126
128 (hypallage) (surface case)
129 44 (1987: 51 79) (1) 45 : 164 (1) 46 (2) : 341 (2) 47 [ ] (2) ( 1990a: 50) (3) 44 (spray paint hypallage) (1981), (1996) 45 (2006: 103) (2000: 68 70) 128
130 (4) (5) ( 1990a: 46 47; ) (3) (4)(5) 48 (1) (2) 4.51: (HYPL) (1)(2) HYPL C 1 C 2 C 1 C 2 C 1 [ ] HYPL [ ] 48 (1990a) (1990b) 49 (1981) 129
131 50 ( 1987: 65 66) (6) : 30 (6) [ ] (sicilia amissa[ ]) (7) 51 : 303 (8) : 19 (7) [ ] (8) 50 (1978) 51 (2006: 111) 130
132 [ ] (8) 52 (7) [A B] [ ] 4.52: (SA) 52 (active zone profile discrepancy) 131
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154 [1]. 1995/1915. : : [2]. 1995/1916. : : [3]. 1996/1918. : : [4]. 1996/1920a. : : [5]. 1996/1920b. : : [6]. 1974a. : [7]. 1974b. : [8] : [9]. 1994/ : : [10]. 1994/ : : [11]. 1988/1945. : : [12]. 1969/1929. : : [13]. 1969/1934. : : [14]. 1969/ : : [15]. 1970/1925. : : [16]. 1970/1927. : : [17]. 1970/1930. : : [18]. 1970/1931a. : : [19]. 1970/1931b. : : [20]. 1970/1931c. : : [21]. 1980/1925. : : [22]. 1980/1926. : : [23]. 1980/1935. : : [24]. 1987/ : : [25]. 1950/1893. : : [26]. 1952/1889. : : [27]. 1988/1939. : : [28]. 1993/1973a. : 36. : 153
155 [29]. 1993/1973b. : 36. : [30]. 1983/ : : [31]. 1967/1939. : : [32]. 1929/1906a. : [33]. 1929/1906b. : [34]. 1938/1905. : [35]. 1956/1907. : : [36]. 1956/1909. : : [37]. 1956/1910. : : [38]. 1994/1908a. : : [39]. 1994/1908b. : : [40]. 2002/1932. : 3 9. : [41] : [42]. 1997/ : [43]. 2008/1909. : : [44]. 2008/1915. : : [45]. 2008/1916. : : 154
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157 [18] Guiraud, Pierre. 1979/1976. : [19] Hall, Robert A TheTtransferred Epithet in PG Wodehouse. Linguistic Inquiry 4(1) [20] Halliday, M.A.K, and Ruqaiya Hasan Cohesion in English. London: Longman. [21] Jakobson, Roman Closing statement: Linguistics and Poetics. in Style in Language Cambridge: The MIT Press. [22] Jakobson, Roman. 1981/1956. Two aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances. in Fundamentals of Language Berlin: Mouton, The Hague. [23] Kawahara, Shigeto Probing Knowledge of Similarity Through Puns. [24] Kawahara, Shigeto, and Kazuko Shinohara The Role of Psychoacoustic Similarity in Japanese Puns: A Corpus Study. Journal of Linguistics 45(1) [25] Köevecses, Zoltán Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [26] Kövecses, Zoltan, and Günter Radden Metonymy: Developing a Cognitive Linguistic View. Cognitive Linguistics 9(1) [27] Lacan, Jacques. 1977/1957. II : : [28] Lakoff, George Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [29] Lakoff, George The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. in Metaphor and Thought. 2nd edn Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [30] Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson Metaphors We Live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [31] Lakoff, George, and Mark Turner More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [32] Langacker, Ronald W Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Volume I Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [33] Langacker, Ronald W Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Volume II Descriptive Application. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [34] Langacker, Ronald W Reference-point Constructions. Cognitive Linguistics 4(1) [35] Langacker, Ronald W. 1999/1995. Raising and Transparency. in Grammar and Conceptualization New York: Mouton De Gruyter. [36] Langacker, Ronald W On the Continuous Debate about Discreteness. Cognitive Linguistics 17(1) [37] Langacker, Ronald W. 2009a. Metonymic Grammar. in Panther, Klaus-Uwe, Linda L. Thornburg, and Antonio Barcelona eds. Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar
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159 [61] (10): [62] (1): [63] [64] : [65] : [66] : [67]. 1990a., 98: [68]. 1990b. [ ] 9: 1-57 [69] KLS 19: [70] : [71] : [72] : [73] : [74] : [75] : [76] I: : : [77] : [78] : [79] : [80] : [81]. 1927/1893. : [82] [83]. 1968/1961. : [84]. 1976/1965. : : [85]. 2007/1905. : [86] : [87] I: : : [88] : 158
160 [89]. 2009/1993. : : [90] : [91] : [92] : [93] : [94] : : [95]. 2002a. 35: [96]. 2002b. 2: 1 24 [97] : [98] : [99] : : [100] : [101] : [102] : [103] : : [104] : [105] : [106] : [107] : : [108] : [109] :
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Title 北 魏 の 大 人 官 に 就 いて( 上 ) Author(s) 山 崎, 宏 Citation 東 洋 史 研 究 (1947), 9(5-6): 167-180 Issue Date 1947-08-15 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/145844 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto
Title 宋 代 の 科 場 と 不 具 疾 患 の 進 士 Author(s) 荒 木, 敏 一 Citation 東 洋 史 研 究 (1971), 30(2-3): 191-213 Issue Date 1971-12-31 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/152841 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher
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Title 經濟法令 Author(s) Citation 經濟論叢 (1925), 20(5): 925-942 Issue Date 1925-05-01 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/128271 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University ~ ご 再
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Titleモデル 生 態 系 における 安 定 性 および 周 期 性 Author(s) 中 島, 久 男 Citation 物 性 研 究 (1978), 29(5): 245-265 Issue Date 1978-02-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/89469 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion
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Title 壺 型 の 宇 宙 Author(s) 小 南, 一 郎 Citation 東 方 學 報 (1989), 61: 165-221 Issue Date 1989-03-31 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/66695 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title 宋 代 の 武 階 Author(s) 梅 原, 郁 Citation 東 方 學 報 (1984), 56: 217-268 Issue Date 1984-03-15 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/66631 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
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What is the Role of Language in Communication-oriented English Education? A theoretical consideration on the 'limitation of linguistic media in communication' Tsukasa Yamanaka / Doctoral Program, Graduate
Title 宋 代 河 西 チベット 族 と 佛 教 Author(s) 岩 崎, 力 Citation 東 洋 史 研 究 (1987), 46(1): 107-142 Issue Date 1987-06-30 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/154186 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto
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Title 漢 代 の 機 械 Author(s) 橋 本, 敬 造 Citation 東 方 學 報 (1974), 46: 189-222 Issue Date 1974-03-30 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/66512 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title Author(s) 日本語の主題の位置付けについて : 形容詞文を中心に Tuptim, Natthira Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/836 DOI rights Doctoral Dissertation Abstract About placing Topic
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Title 世 界 戰 後 の 地 名 考 ( 六 ) Author(s) 瀧 川, 規 一 Citation 地 球 (1933), 20(4): 302-309 Issue Date 1933-10-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/184205 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher
公 開 空 地 を 創 出 する 容 積 率 緩 和 制 度 の 再 考 : 国 際 都 Title 市 を 見 据 えた 諸 要 素 に 着 目 して Author(s) 鈴 木, 隆 一 Citation Issue Date 2014-03-25 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10748/6823 DOI Rights Type Thesis or Dissertation
Title 業 績 集 (1997 年 1 月 1 日 ~12 月 31 日 発 表 分 ) Author(s) Citation 京 都 大 学 医 療 技 術 短 期 大 学 部 紀 要 (1998), 18: 53-71 Issue Date 1998 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/49702 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Title 業 績 集 (2000 年 1 月 1 日 ~12 月 31 日 発 表 分 ) Author(s) Citation 京 都 大 学 医 療 技 術 短 期 大 学 部 紀 要 (2001), 21: 63-83 Issue Date 2001 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/49432 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Title 宗 教 儀 礼 の 機 能 的 体 系 : タイ 国 東 北 部 の 一 部 落 ドーン デーング Author(s) 水 野, 浩 一 Citation 東 南 アジア 研 究 (1965), 3(3): 2-21 Issue Date 1965-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/55080 Right Type Journal Article Textversion
熊 本 大 学 学 術 リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repositor Title 熊 本 県 下 における 近 代 橋 梁 の 発 展 史 に 関 する 研 究 Author(s) 戸 塚, 誠 司 Citation Issue date 1999-03-25 Type URL Thesis or Dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/2298/13856
熊 本 大 学 学 術 リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repositor Title 熊 本 県 下 における 近 代 橋 梁 の 発 展 史 に 関 する 研 究 Author(s) 戸 塚, 誠 司 Citation Issue date 1999-03-25 Type URL Thesis or Dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/2298/13856
Title 理学の本当の力はどこにあるのだろうか : 最終講義第三部 Author(s) 山田, 耕作 Citation 物性研究 (2006), 87(3): 347-359 Issue Date 2006-12-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/110701 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher
Title 伊太利ところどころ ( 三四 ) Author(s) 瀧川, 規一 Citation 地球 (1933), 19(1): 70-77 Issue Date 1933-01-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/184121 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
熊 本 大 学 学 術 リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repositor Title 離 散 化 カオス 写 像 の 設 計 とその 応 用 に 関 する 研 究 Author(s) 吉 岡, 大 三 郎 Citation Issue date 2006-03-24 Type URL Thesis or Dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/2298/11171
Title 海 の 民 サマ 人 の 生 活 と 空 間 認 識 : サンゴ 礁 空 間 t'bbaの 位 置 づけを 中 心 にして Author(s) 長 津, 一 史 Citation 東 南 アジア 研 究 (1997), 35(2): 261-300 Issue Date 1997-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56632 Right Type Journal
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Title しかし と ところが : 日 本 語 の 逆 接 系 接 続 詞 に 関 す る 一 考 察 Author(s) 北 野, 浩 章 Citation 言 語 学 研 究 (1989), 8: 39-52 Issue Date 1989-12-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/87947 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Title 月 明 の 中 の 李 白 Author(s) 興 膳, 宏 Citation 中 國 文 學 報 (1992), 44: 60-91 Issue Date 1992-04 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/177520 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title 三 つの 船 Author(s) 蜂 谷, 昭 雄 Citation 英 文 学 評 論 (1972), 29: 85-103 Issue Date 1972-03 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/revel_29 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title 大雑書考 多神世界の媒介 Author(s) 横山, 俊夫 Citation 人文學報 = The Zinbun Gakuhō : Journal (2002), 86: 25-79 Issue Date 2002-03 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/48595 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion
白井学習法(1).ppt
a Grammar Translation Method 19 1940~1960 Audiolingual Method - structural linguistics - behaviorism stimulus-response reinforcement habit formation (e.g., Skinner, 1957) 2 - L1 L2 [contrastive analysis]
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Title 幕府第一次上海派遣官船千歳丸の史科 ( 下 ) Author(s) 沖田, 一 Citation 東洋史研究 (1948), 10(3): 198-212 Issue Date 1948-07-15 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/138886 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title 組みひもの理論と力学系 Author(s) 松岡, 隆 Citation 物性研究 (1996), 67(1): 1-56 Issue Date 1996-10-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/95934 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Title メコンデルタの 魚 相 と 内 水 面 漁 業 (< 小 特 集 >メコンデルタ の 自 然 と 農 業 ) Author(s) 多 紀, 保 彦 Citation 東 南 アジア 研 究 (1975), 13(1): 146-160 Issue Date 1975-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/55804 Right Type Journal Article
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JAIS 1 2 1 2 In this paper, we focus on the pauses that partly characterize the utterances of simultaneous interpreters, and attempt to analyze the results of experiments conducted using human subjects
Title 京 都 大 学 結 核 胸 部 疾 患 研 究 所 年 報 ( 昭 和 54 年 度 ) Author(s) Citation 京 都 大 学 結 核 胸 部 疾 患 研 究 所 紀 要 (1980), 13(1/2) Issue Date 1980-03-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/52180 Right Type Departmental Bulletin
Title 満州国 鉱工業生産力の水準と構造 Author(s) 山本, 有造 Citation 人文學報 = The Zinbun Gakuhō : Journal (2003), 88: 1-32 Issue Date 2003-03 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/48612 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion
Title 北 部 タイにおける 稲 作 技 術 : タイ ヤーイ 族 とタイ ル ーイ 族 の 場 合 Author(s) 岩 田, 慶 治 Citation 東 南 アジア 研 究 (1963), 1(2): 22-38 Issue Date 1963 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/54821 Right Type Journal Article Textversion
02 Communication Model & Process
Introduction to Lecture 2: Definitions, Models, & Process of 10 / 076/ 2017 2 1.1 Definition the transmission of information, ideas, skills, etc. by the use of symbols words, pictures, figures,