Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.53 No.166 (2011) FEATURE Power Generation by Combustion アドバンスト高湿分空気利用ガスタービン

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1 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.53 No.166 (2011) FEATURE Power Generation by Combustion アドバンスト高湿分空気利用ガスタービン (AHAT) システムの研究開発 Research and Development on the Advanced Humid Air Gas Turbine (AHAT) System 1 * 2 TAKAHASHI, Toru 1 * and KOGANEZAWA, Tomomi Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa , Japan Hitachi Ltd., Horiguchi, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki , Japan Abstract : Humid air gas turbine systems that are regenerative cycle using humidified air can achieve higher thermal efficiency than gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plant even though they do not require a steam turbine, a high combustion temperature, or a high pressure ratio. In particular, the advanced humid air gas turbine (AHAT) system appears to be highly suitable for practical use because its composition is simpler than that of other systems. Moreover, the difference in thermal efficiency between AHAT and GTCC is greater for small and medium-size gas turbines. To verify the system concept and the cycle performance of the AHAT system, a 3MW-class pilot plant was constructed that consists of a gas turbine with a two-stage centrifugal compressor, a two-stage axial turbine, a reverse-flow-type single-can combustor, a recuperator, a humidification tower, a water recovery tower, and other components. As a result of an operation test, the planned power output of 3.6MW was achieved, so that it has been confirmed the feasibility of the AHAT as a power-generating system. Moreover, running tests on the AHAT pilot plant were carried out over a few years so that various characteristics such as the effect of changes in ambient temperature, and start-up characteristics were clarified by analyzing the data obtained from the running tests. Key Words : Gas turbine, Humid Air, Thermal efficiency, AHAT, Pilot plant 1. 緒言 % ( 19 ) [1] (GT) (ST) (GTCC) GT GT (AHAT) AHAT GTCC ST GTCC AHAT AHAT 3 MW AHAT * Corresponding author. toru-tak@criepi.denken.or.jp (1)

2 AHAT システムの概要 2.1. 高湿分空気利用再生サイクル型ガスタービンシステム GT GT GT 10 GT GT 2 GT 100 GT 1 HAT (Humid Air Turbine) 1981 GT (83-Tokyo-IGTC-38) [2] EPRI DOE GE ABB Texaco GTCC 3 4 % ( ) [3] [7] HAT GT 2.2. AHAT システム AHAT HAT GT 1 GT 2 AHAT [8] AHAT 15 μm Fig.2 Schematic of the AHAT system [8]. Fig.1 Schematic of the HAT cycle [2]. HAT GT HAT HAT REVAP [4] TOPHAT [5] WIWR [6] %wt NOx (2)

(AHAT) 203 60 100 GT GTCC 3 GT AHAT [9] GT GTCC AHAT AHAT GT 3.

3 MW 級パイロットの概要 3 MW 4 [10] 1 [11,12] 5 GT ( 2 2 ) Fig.

Table 1 Design targets of pilot plant [11,12]. Fig.

3 (AHAT) GT GTCC 3 GT AHAT [9] GT GTCC AHAT AHAT GT 3. 3 MW 級検証機運転試験による特性解析 MW 級パイロットの概要 3 MW 4 [10] 1 [11,12] 5 GT ( 2 2 ) Fig.4 Photograph of the 3MW-class AHAT pilot plant [10]. Table 1 Design targets of pilot plant [11,12]. Fig.3 Comparison of AHAT and other gas turbine systems performance [9]. Fig.5 Photograph of the compressor and turbine of the AHAT pilot plant [11]. (3)

204 53 166 2011 (Water Atomization Cooling: WAC) 3.2. AHAT 燃焼器の概要 3.2.1. AHAT 燃焼器の特徴と課題 NOx NOx NOx 3.2.2. 燃焼器構造 6 3 MW AHAT GT 3.2.3. 燃料ノズル 7 243 1 1 ( φ 346) 3 7 DME [14] (φ 13) DME 8 243 8 4 ( 1 4 ) 1 (F1) 5 2 (F2) 2 ( 6 7 ) 3 (F3) ( 8 ) 4 (F4) 4 (F1) 15 Fig.

4 (Water Atomization Cooling: WAC) 3.2. AHAT 燃焼器の概要 AHAT 燃焼器の特徴と課題 NOx NOx NOx 燃焼器構造 6 3 MW AHAT GT 燃料ノズル ( φ 346) 3 7 DME [14] (φ 13) DME ( 1 4 ) 1 (F1) 5 2 (F2) 2 ( 6 7 ) 3 (F3) ( 8 ) 4 (F4) 4 (F1) 15 Fig.6 Cross Section of the Gas Turbine Combustor [13]. Fig.7 Cluster Nozzle Burner [13]. (4)

5 (AHAT) 205 Table 2 Performance of pilot plant [11]. Fig.8 Operating Modes of Cluster Nozzle Burner [11]. 4. 試験結果 MW 級検証機の定格性能 GT GT GT kw/min 900 kw 1800 kw kw 3300 kw kw 3860 kw kw 1 AHAT WAC 20 AHAT 4441 kw %LHV GT ( ) % ( ) 15 wt% 6.5 % 0.9 wt% 0.6 % Fig.10 Effect of each factor on thermal efficiency [15]. Fig.9 Generator output [11] %LHV GT 4.2. 燃焼器性能 NOx 11 CO kw F1 F1+F2 F1 CO F1 F1+F2 15 ppm (5)

6 Fig.11 NOx Emission as a Function of Generator Output [13]. F1 NOx F3 CO 3300 kw 4000 kw NOx < 10 ppm NOx = 8.3 ppm CO = 190 ppm = 99.6 % NOx < 10 ppm % F4 F4 CO F3 CO 190 ppm Fig.12 CO Emission as a Function of Generator Output [13] 年間を通じた運転試験による各種特性解析 AHAT Fig.13 Combustion Efficiency as a Function of Generator Output [13]. NOx F1 96 ppm F1+F2 230 ppm NOx (F1+F2 ) F1+F3+F3 CO 350 ppm 97.5 % 1800 kw NOx = 36 ppm CO = 70 ppm 1800 kw NOx NOx 2200 kw 10 ppm F1 F3 F3 CO 熱効率の変化 (Tcomb) 3 0 wt% 1190 ± wt% 1210 ± wt% 1210 ± GT AHAT (6)

7 (AHAT) 207 Fig.14 Relationship between thermal efficiency and ambient temperature for different effective injected water flow ratio [15] 起動特性 (RUN35) 9 RUN kw (1/4 ) 1800 kw ( ) 3300 kw (WAC ) 30 GT 3.3 %/min (120 kw/min) WAC %/min (360 kw/min) (RUN44) 16 RUN kw 増湿塔出口空気での湿分率の変化 15 Fig.16 Turbine speed and power output of the pilot plant during start-up [16]. Fig.15 Relationship between humidity, temperature at the humidification tower exit and ambient temperature [15]. 3 MW (7)

8 GTCC AHAT 謝辞 References Fig.17 Recuperator exhaust gas and feed water temperatures of the pilot plant during start-up [16]. GTCC 180 AHAT 5. 結言 AHAT 3 MW GT NOx < 10 ppm % 60 AHAT 1., 20, (2010), p. 197,. 2. Mori, Y., Nakamura, H. and Yamamoto, K., Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine Congress: (1983). 3. Rao, A. D., EPRI IE-7300 Project final Report, (1991). 4. De Ruyck, J., at. el., Pap Am Soc Mech Eng: 96-GT-361 (1996). 5. Van Liere, J., Ver Dtsch Ing, No.1566: (2000). 6. Macri, F., Final technical report, DOE, DE-AC26-00NT40852, (2002). 7. Takahashi, T., Koda, E., and Mimaki, T., JSME International Journal Series B, Vol. 45, No. 3: (2002). 8.,, 552 : (2002). 9.,, Vol.34, No.2: (2006). 10.,, 4, 19 : (2007). 11. Higuchi, S., Koganezawa, T., Horiuchi, Y., Araki, H., Shibata, T., Marushima, S., ASME GT (2008). 12. Araki, H., Higuchi, S., Koganezawa, T., Marushima, S., Hatamiya, S., Tsukamoto, M., ASME GT (2008). 13. Koganezawa, T., Abe. K., et al., Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine Conference: IGTC2007 Tokyo TS-134 (2007). 14. Saitou, T., et al., ASME GT (2005) 15.,,,,, vol. 32, No. 2: 9-15 (2011). 16. Takahashi, T., Watanabe, Y., Araki, H., Eta, T., Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering 2011: POWER (2011). (8)

Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori

Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori Proposal and Characteristics Evaluation of a Power Generation System Utilizing Waste Heat from Factories for Load Leveling Pyong Sik Pak, Member, Takashi Arima, Non-member (Osaka University) In this paper,