太陽系外惑星探査
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- ともあき かやぬま
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1
2 Terra MODIS / 2
3 Are we alone? Origins Where are they? (Fermi 1950) 3
4 4
5 0.5 arcsec 10pc :
6 10pc
7 7
8 radial velocity 3m/s HD HD I 2 cell HDS on Subaru Winn et al. (2004) 8
9 (TRACE : ) 9
10 10
11 PSR : Wolszczan & Frail (1992) 11
12 12
13 (Mayor & Queloz 1995)
14 14
15 And And: Butler, Marcy & Fischer (1999) 15
16 16
17 (Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al. 2000) HST HST Brown et al. (2001) 17
18 18
19 Radial velocity data Radial velocity data Limb darkening Radial velocity 19
20 20
21 newscenter/archive/ 2001/38/ g/cc
22 22
23 (15%) Additional absorption in Lyman emission line Geocorona, not planetary Vidal-Madjar et al. Nature 422(2003)
24 O I C II 2% H I 5% O I 10% C II 6% (upper) low-resolution HST spectra (lower) high-resolution HST spectra Si III HI Vidal-Madjar et al. (2004) astro-ph/
25 HD209458b ( ) ( ) Edwin Turner, Brenda Frye (Princeton Univ.) Josh Winn (Harvard Univ) 25
26 Winn, Suto,, Turner et al Transit radial velocity (Rossiter ) Ohta, Taruya & Suto (2004) 26
27 HD209458b radial velocity HDS on Subaru previous velocity curve (Wittenmyer et al. 2003) 27
28 Transit H H HD Na I (D2) Na I (D1) H H H H H Transit 28
29 HD H <0.1% (Winn et al. 2004) L 15% (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003) T< ( )eV (( 29
30 Transit radial velocity (Rossiter ) ELODIE on 193cm telescope HDS on Subaru Queloz et al. (2000) A&A 359, L13 30
31 50km/s 0.01% HDS
32 Biomarker (e.g.,., extrasolar plant) Habitable planet Extraterrestrial life 32
33 Biomarker red edge 33
34 extrasolar planet biomarker (extrasolar plant as a biomarker in extrasolar planets) Seager, Ford & Turner astro-ph/
35 @Lowell spiral nebulae Observatory 40(1917)304 Observations of Mars in 1924 made at the Lowell Observatory: II spectrum observations of Mars PASP 36(1924)261 35
36 Ford, Seager & Turner Nature 412 (2001)
37 red edge 2 Sunlight 37
38 Woolf & Smith ApJ 574(2002)430 The spectrum of earthshine: A Pale Blue Dot Observed from the Ground [ ] 38
39 earthshine earthshine Japan Japan 39
40 ケプラー衛星 (米国2007年打ち上げ予定) 食惑星の測光サーベイ 太陽系外惑星探査 40
41 41
42 characterization habitable planets? search for life 42
43 Darwin. 1.5 m m. 43
44 X 10 44
45
46 10pc d=50pc 30 50mas/year 15M J, e=0.2 a=0.6au x 30! Perryman: Rep.Prog.Phys. 63(2000)1209 VLBI: 1 : 1 (12 ) GAIA(2009?): 10 (10 9 stars) 200pc 50 (if 5%) Jupiters! 46
47 0.1 ( Hot Jupiter 47
48 48
49 Si III H I N V O I C II Si IV S I Si II C IV C I Fe II , , , , Vidal-Madjar et al. (2004) astro-ph/ Detection of oxygen and carbon in the upper atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD209458b 49
50 HD Radial velocity + transit HD G0V V 7.58 ( =47pc) 6000 HD209458b g/cc (< )
51 Vidal-Madjar et al. Nature 422 (2003) 143 H I (Ly ) 15 % c.f., Na I 0.02 % 51
52 HDS at Subaru CCD: 4.1k x 2k x µm/pixel, 0.12 /pixel Gain: 1.7e - /ADU Readout time: 70sec Saturation level: 50000e - λ / λ=
53 Josh Obs (1.2m) November 24, 2003 transit HD H 53
系外惑星大気
transiting planet http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/2001/38/ 2004 6 17 HDS 2 3 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) 4.2 4 (Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al. 2000) HST HST Brown et al. (2001) 5 6 Radial velocity
More information系外惑星大気
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/2001/38/ 2004 9 30 1781 1846 1930 50 2 3 radial velocity HDS 5m/s HD209458 HD209458+I 2 cell Subaru/HDS 4 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) 4.2 5 2 1.5% HST 4 orbits Brown
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