TCP-STAR a) Implementation and Evaluation of TCP-STAR: TCP Congestion Control Method for Satellite Internet Hiroyasu OBATA a), Kazuhiro TAIRA, and Ken

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1 TCP-STAR a) Implementation and Evaluation of TCP-STAR: TCP Congestion Control Method for Satellite Internet Hiroyasu OBATA a), Kazuhiro TAIRA, and Kenji ISHIDA TCP NewReno TCP TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP TCP-STAR NetBSD1.6.2-Release TCP-STAR TCP TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP TCP-NewReno TCP TCP-J Long Fat Network LFN TCP HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR 1. LAN WINDS Wideband InterNetworking Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Ozukahigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshimashi, Japan a) obata@ce.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp engineering test and Demonstration Satellite [1] WINDS 1.2 Gbit/s Connexion by Boeing [2] WWW World Wide Web FTP File Transfer Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP NewReno [3], [4] 566 B Vol. J90 B No. 6 pp c 2007

2 TCP-STAR TCP-STAR [5] [7] TCP-STAR TCP TCP- NewReno TCP-Westwood [8] TCP-J [9] ns2 [10] [11] TCP-STAR NetBSD Release TCP-STAR [12] [13] TCP TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP TCP- NewReno TCP TCP- J Long Fat Network LFN TCP HighSpeed TCP [14] Scalable TCP [15] TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR 2. TCP-STAR 3. TCP- STAR 4. TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR (I) LWC Lift Window Control (II) CWS Congestion Window Setting (III) AEN Acknowledgement Error Notification [5] [7] LWC CWS ABE Available Bandwidth Estimation [9] TCP- STAR End-to- End I LWC Lift Window Contorol LWC TCP-NewReno cwnd reno BW cwnd abe 1 1 LWC Lift Window Contorol Fig. 1 Procedure of LWC (Lift Window Contorol). 2 CWS Congestion Window Setting Fig. 2 Procedure of CWS (Congestion Window Setting). cwnd 1 ssthresh RTT cwnd abe BW (1) cwnd abe = BW RT Tmin MSS (1) RT T min MSS ACK ACK II CWS Congestion Window Setting CWS BW 2 ssthresh cwnd III AEN Acknowledgement Error Notification RTT ACK [16] [18] AEN ACK / 3 AEN 567

3 2007/6 Vol. J90 B No. 6 3 AEN Fig. 3 Flow chart of AEN. AEN-probe ACK AEN-ACK ACK / ACK / AEN-probe P seq AEN-ACK ACK seq ACK / P seq ACK seq P seq >ACK seq AEN-probe 3. TCP-STAR TCP-STAR NetBSD1.6.2-Release TCP-STAR TCP- J ABE TCP-J [11] NetBSD ABE ABE LWC CWS 3 AEN 3. 1 TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-J ABE (2) BW sample ack interval ACK d ACK BW sample = d ack interval (2) t k k ACK ack interval = t k t k 1 ACK ACK ack interval ABE [11] ack interval 1 ack interval 10 Mbit/s TCP-STAR ack interval TCP-STAR NetBSD TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR [5] NetBSD (a) ifq len [19] (b) [20] kern.sbmax 1 net.inet.tcp.recvspace net.inet.tcp.sendspace kern.mbuf.nmbclusters TCP 568

4 TCP-STAR mbuf 4. TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR [13] 1 OS NetBSD1.6.2-Release 1448 Byte ACK 52 Byte 2 [4], [12] 625 kbyte TCP Netperf [21] 4. 2 TCP-STAR TCP TCP TCP-NewReno TCP TCP-J 1 Long Fat Network 4 1 Fig. 4 Experimental network 1 (testbed). TCP HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP 2 TCP-STAR End-to-End TCP-STAR TCP SACK 1 TCP OS 3.2 TCP-STAR ACK BER 0 (error free) 10 5 TCP-STAR STAR TCP-J J HighSpeed TCP HSTCP Scalable TCP Scalable TCP-NewReno NewReno BER [4], [7] BER TCP-STAR TCP 5 BER 10 8 TCP-STAR TCP-NewReno 152% HighSpeed TCP 95.9% Scalable TCP 41.6% TCP-J 13.5% LWC CWS 1 Table 1 Machine specification. CPU Memory Pen4 3.8 GHz 4GByte Pen4 1.5 GHz 512 MByte 2 Table 2 Experimental parameters. 10 Mbit/s 250 ms Bit Error Rate 0, 10 8,10 7,10 6, TCP-J [9] [11] TCP-J [11] [9] [11] a b 3 TCP-STAR 2 TCP-NewReno TCP-J TCP-STAR NetBSD HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP Linux 569

5 2007/6 Vol. J90 B No. 6 5 Fig. 5 Throughput in case of data losses. 6 5 BER= TCP-STAR TCP TCP TCP-STAR TCP-STAR 625 kbyte 5 BER= 0 TCP- STAR TCP TCP- STAR TCP 7 5 BER= 0 7 TCP-STAR 0 2s LWC TCP-STAR TCP 0 9s BER= 0 LWC CWS TCP-STAR TCP ACK AEN ACK 8 45 s ACK 1 TCP- 6 BER = 10 7 Fig. 6 Congestion window size (BER = 10 7 ). 7 BER = 0 Fig. 7 Congestion window size (BER = 0). 8 ACK Fig. 8 Throughput in case of ACK losses. STAR TCP-J HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-NewReno ACK 8 TCP-J HighSpeed 570

6 TCP-STAR TCP Scalable TCP TCP-NewReno ACK ACK s TCP-STAR AEN ACK ACK s TCP-STAR AEN ACK TCP-STAR TCP-J Long Fat Network HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-J TCP-STAR HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-STAR 4. 3 TCP-STAR 9 9 Sender 1 Sender 2 Router Receiver 1 Receiver 2 2 BER 15 kbyte 625 kbyte 3 9 Sender 1 Receiver 1 Flow1 Sender 2 Receiver Fig. 9 Experimental network 2 (testbed) kbyte Fig. 10 Total throughput when packet losses by congestion and bit error occur, where router queue size is 625 kbyte. Flow Sender 1 Sender 2 TCP kbyte kbyte 3 1 PC TCP 1 PC TCP 571

7 2007/6 Vol. J90 B No kbyte Fig. 11 Total throughput when packet losses by congestion and bit error occur, where router queuesizeis15kbyte. 10 TCP- STAR TCP 4.2 TCP-STAR 11 TCP-STAR High- Speed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-NewReno BER=10 5 TCP- STAR TCP-J TCP-STAR AEN 2. III TCP-STAR AEN-probe AEN 2 AEN TCP-STAR kbyte Fig. 12 Fairness evaluation in homogeneous scenario when router queue size is 625 kbyte. TCP TCP-J HighSpeed TCP 5 (a) TCP TCP kbyte Sender 1 Sender 2 TCP-STAR TCP-J J High- Speed TCP HSTCP 12 TCP- STAR TCP-J HighSpeed TCP TCP-STAR BER=0 BER= BER=0 14 BER= BER Scalable TCP HighSpeed TCP 6 BER=10 8 [4] 572

8 TCP-STAR 13 TCP-STAR BER=0 625 kbyte Fig. 13 Congestion window size of TCP-STAR (BER=0, router queue size is 625 kbyte). 15 ABE BER= kbyte Fig. 15 Estimated Bandwidth by ABE (BER=10 8, router queue size is 625 kbyte). 14 TCP-STAR BER= kbyte Fig. 14 Congestion window size of TCP-STAR (BER=10 8, router queue size is 625 kbyte). ABE kbyte 10 Mbit/s ABE 15 5Mbit/s 8Mbit/s kbyte Fig. 16 Fairness evaluation in homogeneous scenario when router queue size is 15 kbyte ITCP-STAR TCP-NewReno 2 TCP-NewReno TCP-STAR 625 kbyte TCP-STAR ABE TCP-J TCP-STAR 573

9 2007/6 Vol. J90 B No TCP-STAR BER=0 15 kbyte Fig. 17 Congestion window size of TCP-STAR (BER=0, router queue size is 15 kbyte) kbyte Fig. 19 Fairness evaluation in heterogeneous scenario when router queue size is 625 kbyte. 18 TCP-STAR BER= kbyte Fig. 18 Congestion window size of TCP-STAR (BER=10 8, router queue size is 15 kbyte). 15 kbyte TCP- STAR TCP-J HighSpeed TCP 16 BER=0 BER= BER=0 STAR1 266 kbyte STAR2 210 kbyte kbyte Fig. 20 Fairness evaluation in heterogeneous scenario when router queue size is 15 kbyte. TCP-STAR TCP-J High- Speed TCP TCP (b) TCP TCP-STAR TCP TCP-J HighSpeed TCP kbyte Sender 1 TCP-STAR Sender 2 TCP- J J HighSpeed TCP HSTCP kbyte 19 TCP- STAR TCP-J 574

10 TCP-STAR HighSpeed TCP HighSpeed TCP TCP-STAR 20 TCP-J TCP-STAR TCP-J TCP-J TCP-STAR AEN TCP-STAR TCP-J HighSpeed TCP TCP-STAR HighSpeed TCP TCP-STAR TCP-J HighSpeed TCP TCP-J HighSpeed TCP TCP-STAR 4. 4 TCP-STAR [5] [7] BER 10 8 TCP-J 13.3% TCP-STAR BER % BER TCP-STAR [5] [7] Long Fat Network HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-STAR Long Fat Network TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR LWC NetBSD1.6.2-Release TCP-STAR TCP-STAR TCP TCP-NewReno TCP-J HighSpeed TCP Scalable TCP TCP-STAR TCP- STAR TCP-STAR TCP-STAR AEN TCP-J TCP-STAR TCP- STAR TCP TCP TCP-J HighSpeed TCP 575

11 2007/6 Vol. J90 B No. 6 TCP-STAR 100 Mbit/s C [1] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency WINDS (Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite), satellite/winds.html, [2] The Boeing Company Connexion by boeing, [3] C. Partridge and T. Shepard TCP performance over satellite links, IEEE Netw., vol.11, no.5, pp.44 49, [4] M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms, RFC 2488, [5] TCP IN , [6] H. Obata, S. Takeuchi, and K. Ishida, A new TCP congestion control method considering adaptability over satellite Internet, Proc. 4th International Workshop on Assurance in Distributed Systems and Networks (ADSN2005), pp.75 81, [7] H. Obata, K. Ishida, S. Takeuchi, and S. Hanasaki, TCP-STAR: TCP congestion control method for satellite Internet, IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.e89- B, no.6, pp , June [8] C. Casetti, M. Gerla, S. Mascolo, M.Y. Sanadidi, and R. Wang TCP Westwood: Bandwidth estimation for enhanced transport over wireless link, Proc. International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom 2001), pp , [9] TCP-J vol.43, no.12, pp , [10] UCB Multicast Network Research Group, Network simulator ns(ver.2), [11] TCP-J D-I vol.j87-d-i, no.5, pp , May [12] TCP-STAR IN , [13] IP NXS7000F, /qnet/services/nxs/7000/, [14] S. Floyd, HighSpeed TCP for large congestion windows, RFC 3649, [15] T. Kelly, Scalable TCP: Improving performance in highspeed wide area networks, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol.33, no.2, pp.83 91, [16] TCP IN , [17] TCP / B vol.j82-b, no.11, pp , Nov [18] M. Allman, J. Griner, and A. Richard, TCP behavior in networks with dynamic propagation delay, Proc. IEEE Global Communication Conference (Globecom2000), 2, pp , [19] G.R. Wright and W.R. Stevens, TCP/IP illustrated, vol.2: The implementation, Addison-Wesley, [20] V. Jacobson, R. Braden, and D. Borman TCP extensions for high performance, RFC 1323, [21] Netperf, Page.html, KDDI 15 IEEE 18 TCP 9 15 IEEE ACM 576

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