PRACTICAL SALINITY SCALE 1978 (PSS 78) (UNESCO REPORT #37, 1981) CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) ( ) CTD PORTASAL 8410A ( PORTASAL) Gui

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1 PRACTICAL SALINITY SCALE 1978 (PSS 78) (UNESCO REPORT #37, 1981) CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) ( ) CTD PORTASAL 8410A ( PORTASAL) Guildline (portable) Guildline AUTOSAL WOCE 1 PORTASAL AUTOSAL AUTOSAL 0.001PSU PORTASAL 0.003PSU 2 3 RS232C AUTOSAL PORTASAL POR- TASAL Guildline PORTASAL 8410A 1 World Ocean Circulation Experiment,,

2 2 1 CTD/ 1: cm 6 8 PORTASAL Guldline 8410A ( 8410) IAPSO OSIL ( Ocean Scientific International) P ( ) mm 5mm 1 47mm 1000ml 1 GF/C 47mm ml 1 1m KH-03-1 (250 ) IAPSO IAPSO (International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean) Standard Seawater Service OSIL P 4 2

3 2000 (200 ) IAPSO P P PSU ( K15) PORTASAL PORTASAL

4 PORTASAL 12 POR- TASAL PORTASAL (26 ) 1 8 ( 250 ) PORTASAL CTD/ 4 PORTASAL 4.1 PORTASAL ( 5.1 ) CTD/ m 5000m 4

5 10 PORTASAL PORTASAL #1 #6 #2 #7 #3 #8 #4 #9 #5 #10 1: 10 ( 260 ) PORTASAL 15 PORTASAL 1 50 CTD/ PORTASAL PORTASAL 5

6 (5 ) (1 4 ) PORTASAL 12 PORTASAL CELL DRAIN TANK OVERFLOW ( 2 )CELL DRAIN TANK DRAIN/FILL TANK OVERFLOW TANK OVERFLOW TANK DRAIN/FILL COND,TEMP FUNCTION STDBY,READ ZERO FLUSH 2: PORTASAL

7 V 132V 115V 200V 265V 230V 50Hz 60Hz FUNCTION STDBY ZERO T set PORTASAL 3 IAPSO FUNCTION STDBY REF PORTASAL 8 -REFERENCE 16 +REFERENCE 7 8 REFERENCE -REFERENCE +REFERENCE COND FUNCTION ZERO COND ZERO ZERO. COND FLOW RATE FLUSH ( ) FUNCTION READ 13 7

8 1. FUNCTION READ STD STD STANDARIZE ENTER 2. COND NO ( K15 ). SHIFT 2 ENTER 3. BATCH NO P143 ENTER 4. ENTER WHEN READY FLOW RATE ENTER 5. STANDARD ENTER 6. FUNCTION STDBY FUNCTION STDBY FLOW RATE 12 3 FLOW RATE

9 ( ) PORTASAL ( ) ( ) 1. (a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) 2. (a) FUNCTION STDBY FLOW RATE ( ) (b) FLUSH ( ) ( ) (c) ( ) 3. (a) FUNCTION STDBY FLOW RATE ( ) (b) FUNCTION READ ( ) (c) ( ) ( ) (d) FUNCTION STDBY ( ) (e) 3 ( ) (f) ( ) 4. (a) FLOW RATE ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( ) 9

10 PORTASAL TEMP COND SUB ( = ) SUB 4.7 PORTASAL READ FLUSH FLUSH FUNCTION FUNCTION READ FLUSH READ READ 14 #1 #26 36 CTD/ #1 #19 #20 #38 10

11 PORTASAL PORTASAL 1. FUNCTION STDBY 2. 3 FLOW RATE TANK DRAIN/FILL 5. PORTASAL 11

12 5 5.1 PORTASAL {R0 ST D, R0 SUB, R S 1,..., RSUB 1,..., R S i,..., RSUB i 1,..., R S N,..., RN SUB, R1 ST D } R0 ST D, R1 ST D : Ri SUB : (i = 0,..., N; N ) R Si : S i (i = 1,..., N; = 1,..., M i ; M i 26 ) 2 R i i (i=1,...,n-1) r i Ri SUB /R Σ N k=1(m k + 1) 15 PORTASAL 16 12

13 r i r 0 R0 SUB /R0 ST D r N RN SUB/RST 1 D Σ i k=1(m k + 1) 1 r i r i Σi k=1(m k + 1) 1 Σ N (r N r 0 ) k=1(m k + 1) r i r i = r 0 + r i Ri = Ri SUB /(r 0 + r i ) {R 0, R S 1 D,..., RST 1,..., R S i 1 D,..., RST i,..., R S N,..., R N } N 1 S i K15 R ST D γ {γ 0, γ S 1 D,..., γst 1,..., γ S i 1 D,..., γst i,..., γ S N,..., γ N } γ {γ 1 i } γ S i γ Si γ i 1 1 γi 1 : (M i + 1 ) γ Si M i + 1 M i + 1 γst D i 1 + M i + 1 γst D i 1 K15 γ S i γ S i γ S i = γ Si = γ Si γ Si /(1 + γsi γ 1 γ S i RST D 17 1 ) 13

14 5.2 PRACTICAL SALINITY SCALE 1978 (PSS 78) (T) 15 35PSU K15 (R) S(R,T) S(R, T ) = R R R R R ((T 15.0)/( (T 15.0))) ( R R R R R ) PORTASAL K K15 R 12 PORTASAL T 14