QMI13a.dvi

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.

A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n

. X {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } X X {, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} X x i P i. 0 P i 2. n P i = 3. P (i ω) = i ω P i P 3 {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } ω P i = 6 X f(x) f(x) X n n f(x i )P i n x n i P i X n 2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n

Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x

7 7.1 7.1.1 Einstein 1905 Lorentz Maxwell c E p E 2 (pc) 2 = m 2 c 4 (7.1) m E ( ) E p µ =(p 0,p 1,p 2,p 3 )=(p 0, p )= c, p (7.2) x µ =(x 0,x 1,x 2,x 3 )=(x 0, x )=(ct, x ) (7.3) E/c ct K = E mc 2 (7.4)

QMI_10.dvi

... black body radiation black body black body radiation Gustav Kirchhoff 859 895 W. Wien O.R. Lummer cavity radiation ν ν +dν f T (ν) f T (ν)dν = 8πν2 c 3 kt dν (Rayleigh Jeans) (.) f T (ν) spectral energy

30

3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

II

II 28 5 31 3 I 5 1 7 1.1.......................... 7 1.1.1 ( )................ 7 1.1.2........................ 12 1.1.3................... 13 1.1.4 ( )................. 14 1.1.5................... 15

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

[ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

IA

IA 31 4 11 1 1 4 1.1 Planck.............................. 4 1. Bohr.................................... 5 1.3..................................... 6 8.1................................... 8....................................

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2

II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh

5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E

5 5.1 E 1, E 2 N 1, N 2 E tot N tot E tot = E 1 + E 2, N tot = N 1 + N 2 S 1 (E 1, N 1 ), S 2 (E 2, N 2 ) E 1, E 2 S tot = S 1 + S 2 2 S 1 E 1 = S 2 E 2, S 1 N 1 = S 2 N 2 2 (chemical potential) µ S N

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4

1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev

QMI_10.dvi

25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 σ τ x u u x t ux, t) u 3.1 t x P ux, t) Q θ P Q Δx x + Δx Q P ux + Δx, t) Q θ P u+δu x u x σ τ P x) Q x+δx) P Q x 3.1: θ P θ Q P Q equation of motion P τ Q τ σδx

QMI_09.dvi

25 3 19 Erwin Schrödinger 1925 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 σ τ 2 2 ux, t) = ux, t) 3.1) 2 x2 ux, t) σ τ 2 u/ 2 m p E E = p2 3.2) E ν ω E = hν = hω. 3.3) k p k = p h. 3.4) 26 3 hω = E = p2 = h2 k 2 ψkx ωt) ψ 3.5) h

Hilbert, von Neuman [1, p.86] kt 2 1 [1, 2] 2 2

hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp 1 1 1.1............................................... 2 1.2............................................. 3 2 3 3 5 3.1............................................. 6 3.2...................................

1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2

filename=mathformula58.tex ax + bx + c =, x = b ± b 4ac, (.) a x + x = b a, x x = c a, (.) ax + b x + c =, x = b ± b ac. a (.3). sin(a ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B, (.) cos(a ± B) = cos A cos B sin

1 (Berry,1975) 2-6 p (S πr 2 )p πr 2 p 2πRγ p p = 2γ R (2.5).1-1 : : : : ( ).2 α, β α, β () X S = X X α X β (.1) 1 2

2005 9/8-11 2 2.2 ( 2-5) γ ( ) γ cos θ 2πr πρhr 2 g h = 2γ cos θ ρgr (2.1) γ = ρgrh (2.2) 2 cos θ θ cos θ = 1 (2.2) γ = 1 ρgrh (2.) 2 2. p p ρgh p ( ) p p = p ρgh (2.) h p p = 2γ r 1 1 (Berry,1975) 2-6

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ

II p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ Ψ Ψ 2 0 x P'(x) m d 2 x = mω 2 x = kx = F(x) dt 2 x = cos(ωt + φ) mω 2 = k ω = m k v = dx = -ωsin(ωt + φ) dt = d 2 x dt 2 0 y v θ P(x,y) θ = ωt + φ ν = ω [Hz] 2π

A 2008 10 (2010 4 ) 1 1 1.1................................. 1 1.2..................................... 1 1.3............................ 3 1.3.1............................. 3 1.3.2..................................

Chebyshev Schrödinger Heisenberg H = 1 2m p2 + V (x), m = 1, h = 1 1/36 1 V (x) = { 0 (0 < x < L) (otherwise) ψ n (x) = 2 L sin (n + 1)π x L, n = 0, 1, 2,... Feynman K (a, b; T ) = e i EnT/ h ψ n (a)ψ

1 c Koichi Suga, ISBN

c Koichi Suga, 4 4 6 5 ISBN 978-4-64-6445- 4 ( ) x(t) t u(t) t {u(t)} {x(t)} () T, (), (3), (4) max J = {u(t)} V (x, u)dt ẋ = f(x, u) x() = x x(t ) = x T (), x, u, t ẋ x t u u ẋ = f(x, u) x(t ) = x T x(t

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.

微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)

22 2 24 3 I 7 1 9 1.1.......................... 10 1.1.1 Newton Galilei........ 10 1.1.2.......................... 11 1.1.3..................... 12 1.1.4........................ 13 1.1.5.....................

r 1 m A r/m i) t ii) m i) t B(t; m) ( B(t; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m ii) B(t; m) ( B(t; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m { ( = A 1 + r ) m } rt r m n = m r m n B

1 1.1 1 r 1 m A r/m i) t ii) m i) t Bt; m) Bt; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m ii) Bt; m) Bt; m) = A 1 + r ) mt m { = A 1 + r ) m } rt r m n = m r m n Bt; m) Aert e lim 1 + 1 n 1.1) n!1 n) e a 1, a 2, a 3,... {a n

i

18 16 i 1 1 1.1....................................... 1 1.................................. 3 1.3............................. 5 1.4........................................... 6 7.1..................................

phs.dvi

483F 3 6.........3... 6.4... 7 7.... 7.... 9.5 N (... 3.6 N (... 5.7... 5 3 6 3.... 6 3.... 7 3.3... 9 3.4... 3 4 7 4.... 7 4.... 9 4.3... 3 4.4... 34 4.4.... 34 4.4.... 35 4.5... 38 4.6... 39 5 4 5....

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)

0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()

18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C

8 ( ) 8 5 4 I II III A B C( ),,, 5 I II A B ( ),, I II A B (8 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(8 ) n ( + x) n () n C + n C + + n C n = 7 n () 7 9 C : y = x x A(, 6) () A C () C P AP Q () () () 4 A(,, ) B(,, ) C(,,

II

II 28 5 31 3 I 7 1 9 1.1.......................... 9 1.1.1 ( )................ 9 1.1.2........................ 14 1.1.3................... 15 1.1.4 ( )................. 16 1.1.5................... 17

KENZOU Karman) x

KENZO 8 8 31 8 1 3 4 5 6 Karman) 7 3 8 x 8 1 1.1.............................. 3 1............................................. 5 1.3................................... 5 1.4 /.........................

i E B Maxwell Maxwell Newton Newton Schrödinger Newton Maxwell Kepler Maxwell Maxwell B H B ii Newton i 1 1.1.......................... 1 1.2 Coulomb.......................... 2 1.3.........................

2000年度『数学展望 I』講義録

2000 I I IV I II 2000 I I IV I-IV. i ii 3.10 (http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ kanai/) 2000 A....1 B....4 C....10 D....13 E....17 Brouwer A....21 B....26 C....33 D....39 E. Sperner...45 F....48 A....53

4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n 2 n = n +,n +2, n = Lyman n =2 Balmer n =3 Paschen R Rydberg R = cm 896 Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Lorentz

2 Rutherford 2. Rutherford N. Bohr Rutherford 859 Kirchhoff Bunsen 86 Maxwell Maxwell 885 Balmer λ Balmer λ = 364.56 n 2 n 2 4 Lyman, Paschen 3 nm, n =3, 4, 5, 4 2 Rutherford 89 Rydberg λ = R ( n 2 ) n

2.2 h h l L h L = l cot h (1) (1) L l L l l = L tan h (2) (2) L l 2 l 3 h 2.3 a h a h (a, h)

1 16 10 5 1 2 2.1 a a a 1 1 1 2.2 h h l L h L = l cot h (1) (1) L l L l l = L tan h (2) (2) L l 2 l 3 h 2.3 a h a h (a, h) 4 2 3 4 2 5 2.4 x y (x,y) l a x = l cot h cos a, (3) y = l cot h sin a (4) h a

18 2 F 12 r 2 r 1 (3) Coulomb km Coulomb M = kg F G = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 = [N]. Coulomb

r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2 Coulomb Gauss Coulomb 2.1 Coulomb 1 2 r 1 r 2 1 2 F 12 2 1 F 21 F 12 = F 21 = 1 4πε 0 1 2 r 1 r 2 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 (2.1) Coulomb ε 0 = 107 4πc 2 =8.854 187 817 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 (2.2)

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =

II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [

Maxwell

I 2018 12 13 0 4 1 6 1.1............................ 6 1.2 Maxwell......................... 8 1.3.......................... 9 1.4..................... 11 1.5..................... 12 2 13 2.1...................

DVIOUT

A. A. A-- [ ] f(x) x = f 00 (x) f 0 () =0 f 00 () > 0= f(x) x = f 00 () < 0= f(x) x = A--2 [ ] f(x) D f 00 (x) > 0= y = f(x) f 00 (x) < 0= y = f(x) P (, f()) f 00 () =0 A--3 [ ] y = f(x) [, b] x = f (y)

V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H

199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)

x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ dt iωζ = ẍ + ω2 x (2.1) ζ ζ = Aωe iωt = Aω cos ωt + iaω sin

2 2.1 F (t) 2.1.1 mẍ + kx = F (t). m ẍ + ω 2 x = F (t)/m ω = k/m. 1 : (ẋ, x) x = A sin ωt, ẋ = Aω cos ωt 1 2-1 x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ

1 I 1.1 ± e = = - = C C MKSA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKSA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1

1 I 1.1 ± e = = - =1.602 10 19 C C MKA [m], [Kg] [s] [A] 1C 1A 1 MKA 1C 1C +q q +q q 1 1.1 r 1,2 q 1, q 2 r 12 2 q 1, q 2 2 F 12 = k q 1q 2 r 12 2 (1.1) k 2 k 2 ( r 1 r 2 ) ( r 2 r 1 ) q 1 q 2 (q 1 q 2

1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1

sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω ω α 3 3 2 2V 3 33+.6T m T 5 34m Hz. 34 3.4m 2 36km 5Hz. 36km m 34 m 5 34 + m 5 33 5 =.66m 34m 34 x =.66 55Hz, 35 5 =.7 485.7Hz 2 V 5Hz.5V.5V V

1. 1.1....................... 1.2............................ 1.3.................... 1.4.................. 2. 2.1.................... 2.2..................... 2.3.................... 3. 3.1.....................

t = h x z z = h z = t (x, z) (v x (x, z, t), v z (x, z, t)) ρ v x x + v z z = 0 (1) 2-2. (v x, v z ) φ(x, z, t) v x = φ x, v z

I 1 m 2 l k 2 x = 0 x 1 x 1 2 x 2 g x x 2 x 1 m k m 1-1. L x 1, x 2, ẋ 1, ẋ 2 ẋ 1 x = 0 1-2. 2 Q = x 1 + x 2 2 q = x 2 x 1 l L Q, q, Q, q M = 2m µ = m 2 1-3. Q q 1-4. 2 x 2 = h 1 x 1 t = 0 2 1 t x 1 (t)

( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1

2009 1 ( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) 1 1. 2. Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) http://goofy.phys.nara-wu.ac.jp/ yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1 1. ( photon) ν λ = c ν (c = 3.0 108 /m : ) ɛ = hν (1) p = hν/c = h/λ (2) h

July 28, H H 0 H int = H H 0 H int = H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S =e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) =e iht O S e i

July 8, 4. H H H int H H H int H int (x)d 3 x Schrödinger Picture Ψ(t) S e iht Ψ H O S Heisenberg Picture Ψ H O H (t) e iht O S e iht Interaction Picture Ψ(t) D e iht Ψ(t) S O D (t) e iht O S e ih t (Dirac

2010 II / y = e x y = log x = log e x 2. ( e x ) = e x 3. ( ) log x = 1 x 1.2 Warming Up 1 u = log a M a u = M a 0

2010 II 6 10.11.15/ 10.11.11 1 1 5.6 1.1 1. y = e x y = log x = log e x 2. e x ) = e x 3. ) log x = 1 x 1.2 Warming Up 1 u = log a M a u = M a 0 log a 1 a 1 log a a a r+s log a M + log a N 1 0 a 1 a r

Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t)

Radiation from moving harges# Liénard-Wiehert potential Yuji Chinone Maxwell Maxwell MKS E x, t + B x, t = B x, t = B x, t E x, t = µ j x, t 3 E x, t = ε ρ x, t 4 ε µ ε µ = E B ρ j A x, t φ x, t A x, t

A S- hara/lectures/lectures-j.html r A = A 5 : 5 = max{ A, } A A A A B A, B A A A %

A S- http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html r A S- 3.4.5. 9 phone: 9-8-444, e-mail: hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp, http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html Office

DVIOUT-fujin

2005 Limit Distribution of Quantum Walks and Weyl Equation 2006 3 2 1 2 2 4 2.1...................... 4 2.2......................... 5 2.3..................... 6 3 8 3.1........... 8 3.2..........................

i

009 I 1 8 5 i 0 1 0.1..................................... 1 0.................................................. 1 0.3................................. 0.4........................................... 3

Chap11.dvi

. () x 3 + dx () (x )(x ) dx + sin x sin x( + cos x) dx () x 3 3 x + + 3 x + 3 x x + x 3 + dx 3 x + dx 6 x x x + dx + 3 log x + 6 log x x + + 3 rctn ( ) dx x + 3 4 ( x 3 ) + C x () t x t tn x dx x. t x

- II

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,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

25 7 18 1 1 1.1 v.s............................. 1 1.1.1.................................. 1 1.1.2................................. 1 1.1.3.................................. 3 1.2................... 3

(Compton Scattering) Beaming 1 exp [i (k x ωt)] k λ k = 2π/λ ω = 2πν k = ω/c k x ωt ( ω ) k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag( + ++) x β = (ct, x) O O x

Compton Scattering Beaming exp [i k x ωt] k λ k π/λ ω πν k ω/c k x ωt ω k α c, k k x ωt η αβ k α x β diag + ++ x β ct, x O O x O O v k α k α β, γ k γ k βk, k γ k + βk k γ k k, k γ k + βk 3 k k 4 k 3 k

I A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google

I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59

Schrödinger I

Schrödinger I 2016 7 6 2 1 3 1.1...... 4 1.2......... 6 1.3................ 8 1.4....................... 11 1.4.1............... 11 1.4.2 Bohr........................... 12 1.5.............. 15 2 Schrödinger

x (x, ) x y (, y) iy x y z = x + iy (x, y) (r, θ) r = x + y, θ = tan ( y ), π < θ π x r = z, θ = arg z z = x + iy = r cos θ + ir sin θ = r(cos θ + i s

... x, y z = x + iy x z y z x = Rez, y = Imz z = x + iy x iy z z () z + z = (z + z )() z z = (z z )(3) z z = ( z z )(4)z z = z z = x + y z = x + iy ()Rez = (z + z), Imz = (z z) i () z z z + z z + z.. z

u = u(t, x 1,..., x d ) : R R d C λ i = 1 := x 2 1 x 2 d d Euclid Laplace Schrödinger N := {1, 2, 3,... } Z := {..., 3, 2, 1,, 1, 2, 3

2 2 1 5 5 Schrödinger i u t + u = λ u 2 u. u = u(t, x 1,..., x d ) : R R d C λ i = 1 := 2 + + 2 x 2 1 x 2 d d Euclid Laplace Schrödinger 3 1 1.1 N := {1, 2, 3,... } Z := {..., 3, 2, 1,, 1, 2, 3,... } Q

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i

1. 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) R ij R ik = δ jk (4) δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i j) (5) 1 1.1. v1.1 2011/04/10 1. 1 2 v i = R ij v j (6) [

Black-Scholes [1] Nelson [2] Schrödinger 1 Black Scholes [1] Black-Scholes Nelson [2][3][4] Schrödinger Nelson Parisi Wu [5] Nelson Parisi-W

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