The Ecological Society of Japan (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 19 : (2014) 1, * 2, ** A comparison of wetland plant species

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "The Ecological Society of Japan (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 19 : (2014) 1, * 2, ** A comparison of wetland plant species"

そよこやぎ
5 years ago
Views:

1 (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 19 : (2014) 1, * 2, ** A comparison of wetland plant species richness and taxonomic composition among land-use types in a lowland paddy region on the Echigo Plain, Japan Shinya Ishida 1, *, Yoichiro Takanose 2, ** and Tomohiko Kamitani 1 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2 Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University Abstract: As part of a program for the conservation of wetland plants in Japanese lowland paddy regions, we compared plant species richness and taxonomic composition among four land-use types on the Echigo Plain: cultivated paddy fields, fallow (including abandoned) paddy fields, soil-lined irrigation canals, and concrete-lined irrigation canals. Species compositions were similar across cultivated fields. Total species richness was lower in these fields than in fallow fields and soil-lined irrigation canals. Species of annual and winter-annual herbs (including endangered taxa) occurred regularly in cultivated fields. Species composition varied among fallow fields, which supported the highest species richness across land-use types. Some of the fallow fields provided important habitat for species (particularly perennial herbs) that were rare on cultivated land. Concrete- * Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata , Japan ** Present address: Green sigma Co., Ltd. * shinya.ishida@gmail.com

2 lined irrigation canals contained very few species, but soil-lined canals supported a diversity of taxa. Most floating-leaved and submerged species occurred only in soil-lined irrigation canals. Thus, we suggest that wetland plants unique to each land-use type should be preferentially conserved, thereby enhancing overall diversity across the whole region. Keywords: cultivated paddy field, fallow paddy field, floodplain wetland, irrigation canal, species diversity SG1/estat/List.do?lid= , Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Typha latifolia L Yamada et al Yamada et al

3 調査範囲 500 km mm 36 cm m 1 m

2 a 1950 b 1997 2004 調査対象とする圃場水路の選択 20 1 250 m 3 68 2 4 56 0 6 65 0 8 56 7 24 32 34 31

4 2 a 1950 b 調査対象とする圃場水路の選択 m 耕作水田休耕田の環境と管理体制 cm SU 2000 SU

3 4 a b c d 30 1 3 1 38 68 10.3 土水路コンクリ水路の環境と管理体制 cm 56 51 101.5 ± 43.0± 65 52.6 ± 19.0 P < 0.

5 3 4 a b c d 土水路コンクリ水路の環境と管理体制 cm ± 43.0± ± 19.0 P < cm 47.3 ± ± 23.7 P = 植生調査 1 m m 1 m 1 m cm 123

6 Yamada et al m 2 1 m m , , 1982a, 1982b id= shizenfureai/wildlife/smallanimals/reddate/index.html I II , 1982a, 1982b Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell subsp. major (Pursh) Pennell Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell subsp. dubia 2 Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell Eclipta thermalis Bunge Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk 統計解析 U Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices ADONIS

7 PC-ORD ver. 6.0 McCune and Mefford 2010 PC-ORD ver. 6.0 R ver R Development Core Team 2012 土地利用タイプ間での出現種数の違い圃場水路 ( ユニット ) あたりの種数 U 5 P <

8 4± 500 土地利用タイプ間の種組成の違い ADONIS vs. P < vs. P < vs. P < P < 指標種と共通種 Rotala mexicana Cham. et Schltdl. Deinostema adenocaulum (Maxim.) T.Yamaz. Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume

9 5n = 68 n = 68 n = 56 n = 65 e f U D. violaceum (Maxim.) T.Yamaz.1 5 Aster subulatus Michx. var. subulatus Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx Myriophyllum spicatum L. Vallisneria denseserrulata (Makino) Makino 2 5 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Bidens frondosa L. Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St.John Potamogeton octandrus Poir. var. octandrus Ceratopteris gaudichaudii Brongn. var. vulgaris Masuyama & Watano 1 127

10 Solidago altissima L Salvinia natans (L.) All. Marsilea quadrifolia L. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers D PCP CNP 1980 SU SU SU SU Lindernia micrantha D.Don Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. pedicellata Krylov Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl ex Kunth SU SU 128

11 SU SU Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. 1996, Takanose et al

12 Potamogeton x kamogawaensis Miki Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle S 9 4 (1962). 1: (2006). 74: (2008). 254:

13 (2001). 46: (1990)., : (1999). 4: (2009). ( ) 2. pp ,. (1976). 45 ( 2): (2008). 27: (2011). 16:1-15. (1989). 34: (2000). 25: (1993).,. (1992).,. (1994).,. (1998). 48: (2000) 8I ( ).,. (1949). 18: (1998). 48: (2010). 15: (1961) ( ).,. (1957) ( ).,. (1964) ( ).,. (2002). 47: (2003). 72: (2007).,. (2004).,. (1998). 34: McCune B, Mefford MJ (2010) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, version 6. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon. (2002). 65: (1925).,. (2001).,. (1975).,. (1996). 46: (2003). 66: (1997).,. (1989).,. R Development Core Team (2012) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. org/ (1981).,. (1982a).,. (1982b).,. (2000). 63: (2003).,. (2003).,. (2003) (). 53: (1959).,. Takanose Y, Ishida S, Kudo N, Kamitani T (2013) Effects of tillage and irrigation on the occurrence and establishment of native wetland plant species in fallow paddy fields. 131

14 Paddy and Water Environment 11: (2000) : (2007). ( ). pp ,. (2013).,. (2003) (Autumn paddy ephemeral). 3: Yamada S, Kusumoto Y, Tokuoka Y, Yamamoto S (2011) Landform type and land improvement intensity affect floristic composition in rice paddy fields from central Japan. Weed Research 51: Yamada S, Okubo S, Kitagawa Y, Takeuchi K (2007) Restoration of weed communities in abandoned paddy fields in the Tama Hills, central Japan. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 119: (2007).,. (1962). 1: (2007). 12:

15 W WE N A P < 0.05 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Equisetum arvense N E. palustre W Ceratopteris gaudichaudii var. vulgaris WE Dennstaedtia wilfordii N Stegnogramma pozoi N Pinus densiflora N P. thunbergii N Cryptomeria japonica N Salix subfragilis N Celtis sinensis var. japonica N Zelkova serrata N Pilea hamaoi N Persicaria hydropiper W Pe. lapathifolia W Pe. longiseta N Pe. nipponensis W Pe. posumbu N Pe. pubescens W Pe. sieboldi W Pe. thunbergii W Pe. trigonocarpa WE Pe. vulgaris N Rumex acetosella A R. japonicus N Phytolacca americana A Mollugo pentaphylla N Portulaca oleracea N Arenaria serpyllifolia N Cerastium viscosum A Sagina japonica N Stellaria media N S. neglecta N S. uliginosa var. undulata N Chenopodium album N Achyranthes bidentata var. fauriei N

16 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Ranunculus cantoniensis N Ra. silerifolius N Cabomba caroliniana A Nuphar japonicum W Ceratophyllum demersum WE Sarothra laxa W Corydalis incisa N Cardamine flexuosa W Lepidium virginicum A Rorippa indica N Ro. islandica W Ro. sylvestris A Sedum bulbiferum N Duchesnea indica var. leucocephala N Rosa multiflora N Rubus hirsutus N Aeschynomene indica W Amphicarpaea bracteata subsp. N edgeworthii var. japonica Kummerovia striata N Glycine max subsp. soja N Trifolium repens A Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis N Oxalis comiculata N Acalypha australis N Chamaesyce maculata A Phyllanthus urinaria N Ampelopsis brevipedunculata N var. heterophylla Viola grypoceras N V. mandshurica N V. verecunda W Elatine traiandra W Trichosanthes cucumeroides N Ammannia coccinea A A. multiflora W Lythrum anceps W Rotala indica var. uliginosa W Rot. pusilla WE

17 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Trapa japonica W Epilobium pyrricholophum W Ludwigia epilobioides W Oenothera biennis A Myriophyllum spicatum WE Cicuta virosa W Hydrocotyle maritima N H. sibthorpioides N Oenanthe javanica W Lysimachia fortunei W L. japonica N Galium spurium var. echinospermon N G. trachyspermum N Hedyotis diffusa W Neanotis hirsuta var. hirsuta N Paederia scandens N Calystegia japonica N Bothriospermum tenellum N Trigonotis peduncularis N Callitriche palustris W Clinopodium gracile N Elsholtzia ciliata N Glechoma hederacea subsp. grandis N Lamium purpureum A Mosla dianthera N Scutellaria dependens W Deinostema adenocaulum WE D. violaceum WE Dopatrium junceum WE Limnophila sessiliflora WE Lindernia antipoda W Li. dubia A Li. micrantha W Li. procumbens WE Mazus pumilus N Veronica arvensis A Ve. persica A Plantago asiatica N Lonicera morrowii N Lobelia chinensis W Artemisia princeps N

18 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Aster ageratoides subsp. ovbatus N As. subulatus var. subulatus A As. yomena N Bidens frondosa A B. tripartita W Centipeda minima N Erechtites hieracifolia A Erigeron annuus A Er. canadensis A Er. philadelphicus A Er. sumatrensis A Gnaphalium affine N Ixeris debilis N I. dentata N I. stolonifera N Lactuca indica N Lapsana apogonoides N Senecio vulgaris A Solidago altissima A Sonchus asper A So. oleraceus N Xanthium canadense A Youngia japonica N Alisma canaliculatum W Sagittaria pygmaea WE Sa. trifolia W Elodea nuttalli A Hydrilla verticillata WE Ottelia japonica WE Vallisneria denseserrulata WE Potamogeton x kamogawaensis WE Po. octandrus W Po. oxyphyllus W Potamogeton sp. W Hosta montana N Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea W Juncus effusus var. decipiens W J. leschenaultii W J. papillous W J. tenuis N Commelina communis N Murdannia keisak W Eriocaulon cinereum W Erio. robustius W Agrostis clavata N Alopecurus aequalis W Andropogon virginicus A

19 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Anthoxanthum odorathum A Arthraxon hispidus W Beckmannia syzigachne W Bromus catharticus A Calamagrostis epigeios N Cynodon dactylon N Digitaria ciliaris N Echinochloa crus-galli var. caudata W Ec. oryzoides N Eleusine indica N Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens N Eragrostis curvula A Era. multicaulis N Era. poaeoides A Vulpia myuros A Festuca parvigluma N F. pratensis A Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii N Isachne globosa W Leersia japonica W Le. oryzoides W Leptochloa chinensis W Microstegium vimineum N Miscanthus sacchariflorus W M. sinensis N Oplismenus undulatifolius N Panicum bisulcatum N Pa. dichotomiflorum A Phalaris arundinacea W Ph. australis W Poa annua N Poa sphondylodes N Polypogon fugax W Pseudoraphis ukisiba WE Sacciolepis indica var. oryzetorum W Setaria faberi N Se. glauca N Se. pallide-fusca N Trisetum bifidum N Zizania latifolia W Zoysia japonica N Lemna aoukikusa W Spirodela polyrhiza W Typha angustifolia W T. latifolia W Carex neurocarpa WE Ca. thunbergii W Cyperus amuricus N Cy. iria W Cy. difformis W Cy. extremiorientalis N Cy. flaccidus WE Cy. flavidus W

20 (n = 68) (n = 68) (n = 56) (n = 65) Cy. glomeratus W Cy. microiria N Cy. nipponicus N Cy. orthostachyus W Cy. pacificus W Cy. polystachyos N Cy. sanguinolentus W Cy. serotinus W Eleocharis acicularis var. longiseta W El. japonica W El. kuroguwai W Fimbristylis aestivalis N Fi. autumnalis W Fi. dichotoma W Fi. miliacea W Fi. squarrosa var. esquarrosa N Kyllinga brevifolia var. leiolepis W Lipocarpha microcephala WE Schoenoplectus juncoides W Sc. triqueter W Scirpus wichurae W

.V.K1

.V.K1 The Iliad of Homer The Iliad of Homer L Iliade Ammannia multiflora Rotala pusilla Pueraria lobata Solidago altissima Deinostema adenocaulum Gratiola japonica Oryza sativa Paspalum distichum Cerastium