Microsoft Word - GPS2017.docx

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1 Surface elevation changes of Rhonegletscher from 2007 to 2017 Observational report of GPS survey for ten years Ryo Hazuki (1) Yutaka Kurosaki (1) Marie Uemura (1) (1) Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University 1

2 1. Introduction 1,633 km2 11% 99% 1 IPCC 4 (2007)) (mm/year) (mm/year) (mm/year) (mm/year) Rhone 1980 (Huss et al., 2008) (Fig. 1) Fig.1 Determination of the seasonal mass balance of four f Alpinee glaciers since (Huss et al., 2008). Rhone 1 2

3 km 0.6 km22005 (Sugiyama et al., 2008) % (Wallinga et al., 1998) (Jouvet et al., 2009, Chen et al., 1990) (Nishimura and others et al.., 2013) Fig.2 Aerial view of Rhonegletscher from the south in (a)1860 and (b) 1962 (Nishimura et al.., 2013). 3

4 Fig.3 View of Rhonegletscher from thee south in GPS (global positioning system) Rhone 4

5 2. Study site and method 2-1. Study site R Rhone (46 35 N,, 8 23E) 9 km 17 km2 (Sugiyama et al., 2008) m Rhone 810 Rover Reference Fig. 4 Study site and observe points Method GPS (Fig. 4) (Kinematic positioning) Rhone GPS 5

6 GPS cm GPS Leica Viva GNSS GS10 receiver (Fig. 5) RTK-GPS (Reference) (Easting m, Northing m, Elevation m) (Rover) 2 GPS 2 cm km GPS GPS (GARMIN etrex Vista HCx) GPS 1 m (a) (b) (c) 6

7 Fig. 5 Photographs showing (a)the structure of Leica Viva GNSS GS10 receiver, (b) a surveyer with a rover station, (c) the reference station GPS (1) (2) (3) (1) Q= (dx 2 +dy 2 ) 1/2 (2) V= Q / (n) (3) σ= = m 1.6 m (a) (b) Fig. 6 (a) Comparison of the surveyed positions in and 2017, (b) Schematic diagram showing the distance betweenn the points between and

8 3. Result Fig. 7 Fig m Fig m Fig (m) Easting (m) Fig. 7 8

9 (m) Northing (m) Fig Fig y= 4.5x Fig [m/yr] m y = x R² = Fig Fig ( 7.2 m 9

10 4-3, 4-4 (m) Fig Discussion , 09 10, 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, (Sugiyama et al., Fig

11 Fig Fig (Tsutaki e et al., 2011)

12 Fig Engelberg Fig. 13 1,036 m a.s.l. a (JJA) Fig m 4.1 m Fig

13 Fig. 13 Engelberg Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss [ ] [m] (JJA) (m) Fig. 14 JJA) vs 13

14 [m] y = x r = 0.55 R² = [ ] Fig Engelberg 9 8 Fig

15 年積算降水量 [mm 表面高度変化量 [m] 年 -8 年積算降水量 ( 昨年 8 月 ~ 翌年 9 月 ) 表面高度変化量 Fig. 16 年積算降水量 vs 表面高度変化量 5. Conclusion GPS m Reference 15

16 Chen, J. and M. Funk. (1990). Mass balance of Rhonegletscher during 1882/ /87. J. Glaciol., 36(123), Huss, M., Bauder, A., Funk, M., and Hock, R. (2008a). Determination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(F1):F Jouvet, G. Huss, M. Blatter, H. Picasso, M. Rappaz, J. (2009). Numerical simulation of Rhonegletscher from 1874 to Journal of Computational Physics, 228, Nishimura, D. Sugiyama, S. Bauder, A. Funk, M. (2013). Changes in Ice-Flow Velocity and Surface Elevation from 1874 to 2006 in Rhonegletscher, Switzerland. Arictic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 45(4), Sugiyama, S., S. Tsutaki, D. Nishimura, H. Blatter, A. Bauder and M. Funk. (2008). Hot water drilling and glaciological observations at the terminal part of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland in Bull. Glaciol. Res., 26, Sugiyama, S., Yoshizawa, T., Huss, M., Tsutaki, S., & Nishimura, D. (2011). Spatial distribution of surface ablation in the terminus of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland. Annals of Glaciology, 52(58), 1 8. Tsutaki, S., Nishimura, D., Yoshizawa, T., & Sugiyama, S. (2011). Changes in glacier dynamics under the influence of proglacial lake formation in Rhonegletscher, Switzerland. Annals of Glaciology, 52(58), Wallinga, J. and R.S.W. van de Wal Sensitivity of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, to climate change: experiments with a one-dimensional flowline model. J. Glaciol., 44(147),

Microsoft Word - gps.doc

Microsoft Word - gps.doc Observational report of GPS survey on Rhone glacier (2010) 北海道大学大学院環境科学院修士課程 1 年漢那直也鈴木裕太藤部拓己 Contents 1.Introduction (p.2~p.4) 2.Method (p.4~7) 3.Result(p.7~p.16) 3.1. Transverse sites 3.2. Longitudinal