日本臨床麻酔学会 vol.36

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1 441 日本臨床麻酔学会第 35 回大会教育講演日臨麻会誌 Vol.36 No.4, , 2016 プロポフォール麻酔の基本 * 小板橋俊哉 [ 要旨 ] プロポフォールが本邦で使用されるようになってから 20 年近くが経過している. 本稿で は, プロポフォール麻酔の基本について概説する. プロポフォールの効果部位濃度と血中濃度の違いや薬物動態学, 薬力学についての基本的知識は必要である. また, 薬物動態学的多様性と薬力学的多様性も考慮しなければならない. 特に, 年齢による変化や肥満患者への対応は実臨床において必須の知識である. 一方,TCI ポンプに表示される濃度はあくまで予測濃度であり, 絶対値にこだわらないことも重要である. プロポフォールの効果を判定する際に, 濃度を補完するツールとして BIS モニタなどの脳波モニタは有用である. キーワード :プロポフォール, 年齢, 肥満 はじめに 20 TIVA TIVA TIVA TIVA Target controlled infusion TCI Ⅰ 薬物動態学と薬力学 Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics 1990 BIS

2 442 Vol.36 No.4/Jul 図 2 プロポフォールの薬物動態オープン 3 コンパートメントモデル 図 1 麻酔導入および覚醒過程におけるプロポフォール予測血中濃度と BIS 値の関係 1 BIS BIS BIS 図 1 BIS 1 A 2 g/ml BIS 93 B 2 g/ml BIS 48 A 0.7 g/ml B 3.2 g/ml Ⅱ 薬物動態学 1. コンパートメントモデル 図 2

3 443 図 3 プロポフォールとチオペンタールの水力モデルの比較 3 V 1 V 2 V 3 V 1 V 2 V L 3 V 1 図 3 V 3 V 1 V 2 V 2 V 3 V 1 V 2 V 3 V 1 V 1 V 2 V 3 V 1 V 2 V 3 V 1 V 1 2. target controlled infusion TCI TCI TCI

4 444 Vol.36 No.4/Jul TCI TIVA g/ ml TCI 3 g/ml TCI 100 BIS 3. context sensitive half time TCI V 1 context sensitive half time 図 4 context sensitive half time 図 4 各静脈麻酔薬の context sensitive half time 3 Ⅲ 薬力学 GABA activation burst suppression

5 mg/kg TCI 1 3 g/ ml 2 5 g/ml Ⅳ 薬効に影響を与える因子 1. 薬物動態学的多様性と薬力学的多様性 TCI 2.0 g/ml TCI 10 TCI 2. 薬力学的多様性における静脈麻酔薬と揮発性麻酔薬の違い BIS BIS g/ml g/ml 3 3. 年齢 6 C 4.29 / C C 0.5 C 50 Cp Cp g/ml

6 446 Vol.36 No.4/Jul 肥満 TCI g/ml 2.0 g/ ml 8 参考文献 1) 澄川耕二編 : 麻酔科学レクチャー 1. 総合医学社, 東京, 2009, ) Iwakiri H, Nishihara N, Nagata O, et al.:individual effect-site concentrations of propofol are similar at loss of consciousness and at awakening. Anesth Analg 100: , ) Hughes MA, Glass PSA, Jacobs JR:Context-sensitive half-time in multicompartment pharmacokinetic models for intravenous anesthetic drugs. Anesthesiology 76: , ) Picard P, Tramèr MR:Prevention of pain on injection with propofol:a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 90: , ) ロナルド D ミラー編 : ミラー麻酔科学. 武田純三監修. メディカル サイエンス インターナショナル, 東京, 2007,256 6) Schnider TW, Minto CF, Shafer SL, et al.:the influence of age on propofol pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology 90: , ) 五十嵐妙, 長田理, 岩切裕子ほか : 高度肥満患者にプロポフォール静脈麻酔を行い術中覚醒を来した 2 症例. 麻酔 51: ,2002 8) 小原伸樹 : 肥満が静脈麻酔薬の薬物動態に及ぼす影響. 日臨麻会誌 33: ,2013

7 447 Basic Information Regarding Propofol Anesthesia Toshiya KOITABASHI Department of Anesthesiology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College Nearly 20 years have passed since propofol was introduced in Japan. Herein, the author provides some basic information regarding propofol anesthesia. It is essential to know the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol as well as the differences between effect-site and plasma concentrations. Anesthesiologists have to consider both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences such as changes caused by age and massive obesity. On the other hand, the concentrations displayed on the TCI pump are estimated or predicted concentrations, so the absolute values displayed are not important. EEG-derived monitors such as the BIS monitor are considered as complementary to the estimation of the hypnotic status caused by propofol instead of effect-site concentrations. Key Words : Propofol, Age, Obesity The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.36 No.4, 2016

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