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1 Ecosystem approach in the Channel 英仏海峡における生態系アプローチ オンドレカーペンティェー A. Carpentier 研究地域 英仏海峡 北海漁業研究部 Channel and North Sea Fishery Department 持続可能な漁業の為に漁業資源の変動を理解 計測する To better understand, assess and predict the evolution of fishery resources for their sustainable 漁業資源 Fishery resources 資源量測定 Stocks assessment 魚個体数の変動 Population dynamics 漁船の変動 Fleet dynamics EMDI project 科学者 16 scientists 博士号過程 Phds 技術者 1 technicians 魚類生態学 Fish ecology 魚類成長線解析 Fish sclerochronology (ageing ブローニュスーメアー Where is Boulogne-sur-mer? ブローニュスーメアー Boulogne/mer 漁船 160 fishboats 底引き 刺し網 Trawls, Gillnets 水揚げ量 Landings: t. 水揚げ量 Weight 価値 Value シロギス /Whiting ニシン /Herring サバ /Mackerel コウイカ /Cuttle fish イカ /Squid ヒラメ /Sole ヒラメ /Sole イカ /Squid シロギス /Whiting ヒメジ /Red mullet コウイカ /Cuttle fish スズキ /Seabass 主要漁港 Leading Fishing harbour 水産加工食品 Seafood process: t. 高い生物多様性 High biological diversity 種商業に扱われる魚種 commercial fish species 人間活動 / 人為的影響 漁業 /Fishing 砂利採取 /Marine aggregates 風力発電 /Offshore wind farms 海運 /Maritime shipping Etc 使用の競合 Use conflicts, 持続性管理 Sustainable Management 知識と管理方法 Knowledge + Management tool
2 生態系アプローチ! Ecosystem approach Channel Habitat Atlas for Marine Resource Management (CHARM Project) チャームプロジェクト : 英仏海峡における海洋資源管理の為の 海洋生息域海図帳 ( アトラス ) 1. 現状理解と描写を目的とした科学的アプローチ ( 第一期 ) From a descriptive approach (phase 1) 2. 目的手段に即した実践的アプローチ ( 第二期 ) To a process-oriented approach (phase 2) 研究目的 ( 科学的な ) 道具箱 を作成し 英仏海峡東部における人間活動の計画 政策決定に役立てる To develop a toolbox to help decision-making and of human in the Eastern English Channel. Wind farms Fisheries 漁業 Aggregate extraction 砂利採集 Underwater cables 海底ケーブル Wind farms 風力発電 Marine accidents & Pollution 海難事故 環境汚染 Maritime traffic 海運 Man-made reef 人工リーフ Harbour building or extension 港湾工事 Tourism & leisure 観光 レジャー Climatic change 温暖化 etc. Fisheries Aggregate extraction Proposed aggregate extraction zones Tourism & leisure Why habitats? なぜハビタット? 生物の生息に適した環境条件が整っている地域 ( 生息空間 生息環境 ) An area where the environmental conditions are suitable for an organism, a population or a community to survive & live in a spontaneous state CHARM objectives (phases 1 & 2) チャームプロジェクトの目的 ( 第一期 二期 ) Phase 1: (2 years) Phase 2: (2 years) 1. 環境 生物データの 海域地図帳 への統合 Integrate available data (e.g. environmental, biological, etc) into an atlas 2. 海洋資源利用の変化とそのハビタット ( 生息空間 ) 資源そのものへの影響のモデル化 Model scenarios for impacts to marine habitats & changes in levels of that can influence marine living resources. 海洋計画 政策決定のための 道具 を作成 提示する Offer tools to aid decision-making & in the marine environment. 境界上の政策 法規制の比較と評価 Evaluate and compare current cross-border policies & legal frameworks in the context of marine resource management 5. 結果報告と普及 Disseminate results via public meetings, an atlas & the Internet 第一期 ( ) データの整理と位置づけ. 魚卵 ハビタット Fish larvae &Habitat 5. 幼魚 成魚 ハビタット Juvenile/adult fish & Habitat 6. 水揚げ量 Landings 第一期 ( ) 1. データマッピングData. 魚卵 ハビタット Fish larvae &Habitat 5. 幼魚 成魚 ハビタット Juvenile/adult fish & Habitat 6. 水揚げ量 Landings Paper ATLAS The atlas & final report are both freely downloadable from the project s Web site 海図帳 Paper ATLAS ~1,000+ atlas downloaded & ~1,000 hard copies
3 ENGLAND Folkestone Dunkerque Calais Boulogne-sur-Mer Di eppe Fécamp Cherbourg FRANCE Zonecharm.shp Campagne BTS (GB) 第二期 ( ) Fish distribution & Habitat 第二期 PHASE 2 2-year phase ( ) Trophic network 対話方式の海図帳 Interactive ATLAS Entre 70 et 0 traits par campagne (plus de 00 tout pays confondus) 2. 環境 Environment Fishing Chlorophyll a concentration ROSES August Suspended particulate matter ROSES August Surface temperature CGFS October Surface temperature BTS July-August Chlorophyll a concentration ROSES October Suspended particulate matter ROSES October Surface salinity CGFS October Surface salinity July- BTS August 水底 Benthic resources Fishing species
4 Whiting spawning ground See posters Sole larvae distribution & potential habitat N/O Thalassa 幼魚 魚卵 連続性海中魚卵集積機による水深 5m 付近の魚卵収集 CUFES Continuous Underwater Fish Eggs Sampler Collects fish eggs at 5 m depth (mesh 500 µm) Fishing Sole nurseries Juveniles Juveniles Distribution Adults Adults Summer Automn 5 species Plaice Potential habitat 魚卵 幼魚 Larvae ズースキャン Zooscan Some eggs and larvae 小カレイ産卵場所 Dab spawning map (st. 1 eggs) 鑑識 Identification 画像取り込み Image acquisition 環境特質 Environmental parameters Whiting 小カレイ産卵ハビタットモデル Dab spawning habitat model プロセス 特徴 Image process & Feature extraction Depth Chlorophylle A Salinity GLM Temperature Bed shear stress
5 たらの生息分布 Fish distribution 大西洋まだら Gadus Morhua Cod (Oct) ハビタット ( 生息環境 ) モデル Habitat model 水深 Depth 質量 Abundance 1.7 ~ 50 海水温度と塩度 Temperature et Salinity (Interpolated) : CGFS in situ obs. + Geostatistics 0 海底圧力 堆積物 Seabed stress et sediment type: re-sampled by GIS 質量を推測する海図 Map the predicted abundances Habitat Campagne シロギス Whiting / Merlangius merlangus / CGFS Habitat Interviews Season Fishing methods Ramsgate Folkestone Rye Family fishing area Sole fishing areas Fishing Hastings Calais Boulogne sur Mer Baie de Somme Families Dieppe Caen Port En Bessin Sole fishing area for each fisherman Dr. Yoshitaka Ota Dr. Yoshitaka Ota
6 種の主要な法規制 Four principal areas of regulation: - 海洋汚染 Marine pollution - 海洋保全 Conservation of marine habitats and species - 漁業 Fisheries - 海洋利用 Marine works 動態的な食物連鎖をメカニズム的にモデル化し 生態系管理の為の疑問に答える Develop a mechanistic approach by modeling trophodynamic functioning in the Eastern English Channel to answer ecological questions and management-oriented questions - 国際法 International law - 地域法 Community law - 英国法 British law - フランス法 French law Fishing E.g. 11 の漁業管理法 Fisheries regulations II I 7% III IV V 11% 10% 9% Détritus 26 t.km -2.yr データマッピングData Fish distribution & Habitat Fishing Trophic network 保全計画アプローチ (MARXAN の利用 ) 保全のための優先事項をきめる Systematic conservation model (Marxan) which identifies priority areas for conservation 生物データ Biological data (categorical data) - Fish - Benthic 地質データ Physical data Planning unit cost 保護政策の経費 - Substrate types - fishing pattern - Salinity - fishing catch - Temperature - distance to port - Depth - - Bed stress area fishing インタラクティブマップ Fishing catch Distance to port CHARM CHARM Axis 1 : 漁業資源配分 Factors structuring the distribution of the fishery resources Axis 2 : 英仏海峡の食物連鎖ウェッブ Structure, functioning and dynamics of the Channel food web デフィモッシュプロジェクト DEFI MANCHE Channel Challenge 持続可能な管理のために行政者への知識供給 To give to administrators the knowledge and the methods to reach the objectives of sustainable management What else?. 次は???? Axis : 人間活動の特徴 Characterisation of the main uses and human impacts Axis : 海洋資源管理戦略 Management strategies for the of living marine resources プロジェクトの庇護の下にケーススタディを行う Proposition declined through case studies under the aegis of «Défi Manche» Axis 5: 生態系作用 Ecological services
7 組織的アプローチ Systemic approach 持続可能性 Sustainable level 生態系の健全 Health of ecosystem 魚類生息地 Essential fish habitats 温暖化 Climate change 資源利用可能性 Potential of 漁業影響 Impact of fishing 水産 Quality of fishing products 消費者 Consumer protection 人為的影響 Impact of human 何が起こるのか? What alternate scenarios 必要な研究とは? What researches Nord-Pas de Calais 1.1- IFREMER RH et LER Boulogne-sur-mer 2- Station Marine de Wimereux/Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille Calvados : 1.2- IFREMER RH et LER Port-en-Bessin - Université de Caen Ille-et-Vilaine : 1.- IFREMER LER Dinard - Pôle halieutique Agrocampus Rennes 5- Université de Rennes 2 6 -ALKANTE Finistère : 1.- IFREMER STH-DEM-IDM-DYNECO Brest 7- Université de Bretagne Occidentale Paris : 1.5- IFREMER DCOM Issy Medway : - University of Greenwich at Medway Kent : 9- University of Kent Suffolk : 10- Centre for Envir., Fisheries & Aq. Science (CEFAS) Plymouth (Devon): 11- Plymouth Marine Laboratory 12- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science 1- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1- University of Plymouth Dorset : 15- Marinelife Ltd Cornwall : 16- University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus Portsmouth : 17- University of Portsmouth Higher Education Corporation チャームプロジェクト第三期目! CHARM CHannel integrated Approach for marine Resource Management Pilote : IFREMER 17 partners (Ifremer : 10 lab. or departments = 26 partners) Budget : 11. M Ifremer :, M 組織的アプローチSystemic approach 持続可能性 Sustainable level 生態系 Health of ecosystem 魚類生息地 Essential fish habitats 温暖化 Climate change 資源利用可能性 Potential of 漁業影響 Impact of fishing 水産 Quality of fishing products 消費者 Consumer protection 人為的影響 Impact of human 何が起こるのか? What alternate scenarios 必要な研究とは? What researches 頭足類の産卵の研究 CRESH Cephalopod Recruitment from English Channel Spawning Habitats Nord-Pas de Calais 1- IFREMER RH Boulogne-sur-mer Calvados : 2- IFREMER RH Port-en-Bessin - Université de Caen Manche : - CRPM Basse Normandie Devon : 5- U. de Plymouth 6- Marine Biological Association of the UK 7- Devon Sea Fisheries Suffolk : - CEFAS + Understanding of the suitable habitat for reproduction. +Evaluate the contribution of spawning grounds to the stock recruitment. + Effects of temperature, abiotic and biotic factors on growth and survival + Develop genetic markers for identification of larvae + Data for recruitment assessment. + Recommendations for a sustainable use of resources. 組織的アプローチ Systemic approach マリフィッシュ地域横断的アプローチ MariFish Channel regional transversal approach [Dec.200] 持続可能性 Sustainable level 生態系 Health of ecosystem 魚類生息地 Essential fish habitats 温暖化 Climate change 資源利用可能性 Potential of 漁業影響 Impact of fishing 水産 Quality of fishing products 消費者 Consumer protection 人為的影響 Impact of human 何が起こるのか? What alternate scenarios 必要な研究とは? What researches 新たな生態系アプローチの可能性についての研究 Focus: Cephalopods 頭足類の研究 コラボレーション! Collaboration 姉妹協定 Thank you for your attention?
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